关键词： Neurological impairment   Functional feeding disorders   Nutrition   DDS   GMFCS   Gastrointestinal complications  

摘要： Background: Deficits in nutritional status and functional feeding disorders are common in Neurologically Impaired Paediatric Patients (NIPP). Interventions addressing these problems could offer better overall health status and quality of life in this group of patients, but the extent of their effectiveness is yet to be determined. Recent guidelines concerning the nutritional care of NIPP have been published from ESPGHAN but compliance to them has not been assessed. Aim: The study aimed to assess the phenotypic profile of a group of NIPP attending the outpatient clinic of a pediatric department, and to implement, for the first time to our knowledge, an individualized nutritional intervention protocol following ESPGHAN guidelines 2017 as well as to assess the impact on phenotypic parameters and nutritional status. Patients and methods: 68NIPP and their caregivers aged 1m-17 years (83.8% suffering from cerebral palsy (CP) were invited to assess their phenotypic parameters and to implement in a nutrition intervention protocol in order to improve their dietary intake and nutritional status. Anthropometry (weight, height, triceps skinfold thickness, mid upper arm circumference) was expressed as z-scores for age and sex using WHO Anthro software and classified following the WHO criteria. Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), Dysphagia Disorder Survey (DDS), Saliva Severity Scale (SSS), gastrointestinal complications, energy and nutrient intake were assessed at the beginning (zero point), after 6 (point 1) and 12 (point 2) months period. Intake to Requirement ratio (I/R) was derived. At zero point, following the baseline evaluation, caregivers were advised and educated on nutrition protocol and customized nutrition plans were handed out. The impact of the nutritional intervention on the phenotypic parameters was recorded on follow up visits (points 1, 2).The primary outcomes analyzed were anthropometric parameters (

关键词： TCONS_00041002   Neonatal ischemic hypoxic encephalopathy   Cell apoptosis   Neuron survival  

摘要： It has been reported that Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) could induce apoptosis in neonates and result in cognitive and sensory impairments, which are associated with poor developmental outcomes. Despite the improvement in neonatology, there is still no clinically effective treatment for HIE presently. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in cellular homeostasis. Nevertheless, their effects in developing rat brains with HI is little known. Here, we established HIE model in neonate rats and explored the expression and function of lncRNAs in HI, and found the expression of 19 lncRNAs was remarkably changed in the brains of HI rats, compared to the sham group. Among them, three lncRNAs (TCONS_00041002, TCONS_00070547, TCONS_00045572) were enriched in the apoptotic process via gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis, which were selected for the further qRT-PCR verification. Through lentivirus-mediated overexpression of these three lncRNAs, we found that overexpression of TCONS_00041002 attenuated the cell apoptosis, and increased the vitality of neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), therefore reduced the brain infarction and further promoted the neuron survival as well as improved the neurological disorders in the rats subjected to HIE. What's more, ceRNA network prediction and co-expression verification showed that the expression of TCONS_00041002 was positively associated with Foxe1, Pawr and Nfkbiz. Altogether, this study has exhibited that lncRNA TCONS_00041002 participates in the cell apoptosis and neuronal survival of HIE and represents a potential new target for the treatment of HIE.

摘要： There are neural stem cells in the brain that give rise to adult-born neurons—a process called adult neurogenesis (ANG). ANG occurs in the dentate gyrus, a subregion of the hippocampus important for learning, memory, and emotions (1). There is a decline in ANG with age, which has been associated with cognitive decline; a more notable drop in ANG occurs in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which correlates with disease severity (2–4). On page 1106 of this issue, Terreros-Roncal et al. (5) collected brains from patients who died of neurological diseases that were implicated from animal models and human postmortem pathological assessments to have disrupted hippocampal function and dysregulated ANG. They observed a disruption of ANG homeostasis in brains from patients with Huntington’s disease, frontal temporal dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study shows a pattern of disrupted ANG in neurological diseases that deserves further attention to potentially reveal therapeutic targets.

关键词： Neurological diseases   neurodegenerative diseases   fluorescence   scattering   absorption   brain   spectroscopy   microscopy  

摘要： Neurological diseases are a category of disease that deals with any damageable changes in the nervous system. Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and a few others also come under this category. Detection of the cause of such diseases can be mainly studied by digging deep into the anatomical and physiological features of the nervous system. Hence, various imaging techniques have been profusely developing recently that aim to discover the anatomical as well as physiological changes in the brain and spinal cord that lead to specific neurological diseases. This review discusses some of the spectroscopic and microscopy techniques that are beneficial in diagnostic procedures of neurological diseases. Listed down techniques are mainly categorized based on fluorescence, scattering, and infrared absorption principle and include the information on resolution, magnification, and penetration depth of each technique, respectively. In this review, the applications of confocal fluorescence microscopy, two-photon fluorescence microscopy, harmonic generation microscopy including second harmonic generation (SHG), third harmonic generation (THG), coherent Raman scattering including coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), fluorescence and near-infrared spectroscopy are discussed with an advantage in diagnosis but a few being more advantageous than others.

关键词： In vitro fertilization   Stroke   eNOS   Epigenetic  

摘要： Background and purpose: Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) induce premature vascular aging in human offspring. The related alterations are well-established risk factors for stroke and predictors of adverse stroke outcome. However, given the young age of the human ART population there is no information on the incidence and outcome of cerebrovascular complications in humans. In mice, ART alters the cardiovascular phenotype similarly to humans, thereby offering the possibility to study this problem. Methods: We investigated the morphological and clinical outcome after ischemia/reperfusion brain injury induced by transient (45 min) middle cerebral artery occlusion in ART and control mice. Results: We found that stroke volumes were almost 3-fold larger in ART than in control mice (P < 0.001). In line with these morphological differences, neurological performance assessed by the Bederson and RotaRod tests 24 and 48 h after artery occlusion was significantly worse in ART compared with control mice. Plasma levels of TNF-alpha, were also significantly increased in ART vs. control mice after stroke (P < 0.05). As potential underlying mechanisms, we identified increased blood-brain barrier permeability evidenced by increased IgG extravasation associated with decreased tight junctional protein claudin-5 and occludin expression, increased oxidative stress and decreased NO-bioactivity in ART compared with control mice. Conclusions: In wildtype mice, ART predisposes to significantly worse morphological and functional stroke outcomes, related at least in part to altered blood-brain barrier permeability. These findings demonstrate that ART, by inducing premature vascular aging, not only is a likely risk factor for stroke-occurrence, but also a mediator of adverse stroke-outcome. Translational perspective: This study highlights that ART not only is a likely risk factor for stroke-occurrence, but also a mediator of adverse stroke-outcome. The findings should raise awareness in t

关键词： Resveratrol   Silyl group   Prodrug   Neurodegenerative diseases   Huntington disease   Multiple sclerosis  

摘要： Natural phenolic compounds found in food have demonstrated interesting preventive and therapeutic effects on a large variety of pathologies. Indeed, some of them, such as resveratrol (RES), have been examined in clinical trials. Nevertheless, their success has been scarce mainly due to their low bioavailability. In this study, we found serendipitously that O-silyl RES derivatives exerted a better neuroprotective activity than resveratrol itself and decided to explore them as potential drugs for neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. We have also designed and prepared a series of O-silyl RES prodrugs to improve their bioavailability. We found that di-triethylsilyl and di-triisopropylsilyl RES derivatives were better in vitro neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory agents than RES. Among these derivatives and their corresponding acyl-, glycosyl- and carbamoyl-prodrugs, 3,5-triethylsilyl-4'-(6 ''-octanoylglucopyranosyl) resveratrol 26 showed the best profile on toxicity and neuroprotective activity in zebra fish embryo. Compound 26 was also capable of reducing the loss of motor coordination in a 3-nitropropionic acid mice model of Huntington's disease, in a similar way to RES. However, 26 diminished pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 to a higher extent than RES and improved the latency to fall in the rotarod test by 10% with respect to RES. Finally, we investigated 26 and RES as potential treatments on an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) multiple sclerosis mice model. We observed that, in a therapeutic regimen, 26 significantly diminished the progression of EAE severity and reduced the percentage of animals with moderate to severe clinical score, whereas RES showed no improvement. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

关键词： 神经恐惧   神经病学   神经科学   医学教育   多学科协作   主动学习  

摘要： “神经恐惧”是指医学生对学习神经科学和临床神经病学的畏难现象,对医学生的学习兴趣和学习效果产生严重负面影响。神经恐惧在国际上已得到广泛关注,但在国内的医学教育中尚未得到重视。目前我国神经科医师面临巨大缺口,但神经恐惧降低了医学生选择从事神经科专业的意愿。本文作者基于从事神经病学教学、见习实习带教以及指导住院医师规范化培训的实践经验,分析神经恐惧的成因,重点阐述帮助医学生缓解神经恐惧的策略,包括:正视神经恐惧、多学科协作参与带教、激励主动学习和优化病例选择等。未来的研究应聚焦于系统性地评估神经恐惧的驱动因素以及应对策略。

关键词： 莫扎特音乐   大脑活动   神经病学   双钢琴奏鸣曲   声学特性   弗朗茨   癫痫发作   18世纪  

摘要： 2021年第七届欧洲神经病学大会公布的一项研究表明,听莫扎特音乐对减少癫痫发作次数有极为显著的影响。研究人员发现,莫扎特的D大调双钢琴奏鸣曲(K448)的声学特性抑制了癫痫患者的大脑活动,而来自18世纪古典作曲家弗朗茨·约瑟夫·海顿的一首作品则没有这种效果。

关键词： 神经解剖学   神经病学   神经外科学   教研室主任   神经生理学   上海医学院   人体解剖学   医学院院长  

摘要： 由耶鲁大学神经学、神经生理学及神经外科学教授哈尔·布鲁门菲尔德(Hal Blumenfeld)编著,空军军医大学人体解剖与组织胚胎学教研室暨梁銶琚脑研究中心主任李云庆教授,西北大学医学院院长、西北大学神经病学系主任、西北大学脑科学研究中心主任赵钢教授,复旦大学附属中山医院党委书记、复旦大学上海医学院神经病学系主任汪昕教授,以及大连医科大学人体解剖学教研室主任隋鸿锦教授共同主译的《临床神经解剖学:病例解析》已于2021年3月由天津科技翻译出版有限公司出版。

关键词： 国家自然科学基金   中医学   神经病学   神经系统疾病  

摘要： 目的研究2016-2020年国家自然科学基金中医学领域神经系统疾病的资助情况。方法从国家自然科学基金委员会官方网站查询2016-2020年中医学领域获得资助的面上项目、青年科学基金项目和地区科学基金项目,对其中神经系统疾病资助项目相关信息进行分析。结果2016-2020年国家自然科学基金资助中医学领域以神经系统疾病为研究方向的面上项目、青年科学基金项目和地区科学基金项目共500项,资助金额19009万元,依托单位83个,其中H2718(中医针灸)和H2708(中医内科)代码下受资助的项目数分别为177、141项,资助项目数超过10项的病种包括脑卒中、阿尔茨海默病、脊髓损伤、帕金森病、血管性认知障碍、失眠症、糖尿病性周围神经病、癫痫和偏头痛。结论国家自然科学基金促进了中医学领域神经系统疾病临床基础科研发展,但同时也存在阐释中医理论科学内涵的研究偏少、研究过于碎片化而缺乏整体性和逻辑性、现代实验技术和方法使用不合理等问题。