关键词： COVID-19   SARS-COV-2   Vaccination   Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis   Thrombocytopenia  

摘要： COVID-19 vaccines have brought us a ray of hope to effectively fight against deadly pandemic of COVID-19 and hope to save lives. Many vaccines have been granted emergency use authorizations by many countries. Post-authorization, a wide spectrum of neurological complications is continuously being reported following COVID-19 vaccination. Neurological adverse events following vaccination are generally mild and transient, like fever and chills, headache, fatigue, myalgia and arthralgia, or local injection site effects like swelling, redness, or pain. The most devastating neurological post-vaccination complication is cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Cerebral venous sinus is frequently reported in females of childbearing age, generally following adenovector-based vaccination. Another major neurological complication of concern is Bell's palsy that was reported dominantly following mRNA vaccine administration. Acute transverse myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and acute demyelinating polyneuropathy are other unexpected neurological adverse events that occur as result of phenomenon of molecular mimicry. Reactivation of herpes zoster in many persons, following administration of mRNA vaccines, has been also recorded. Considering the enormity of recent COVID-19-vaccinated population, the number of serious neurological events is miniscule. Large collaborative prospective studies are needed to prove or disprove causal association between vaccine and neurological adverse events occurring vaccination.

关键词： Vaccination   COVID-19   Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome   Vaccine-induced thrombocytosis with thrombocytopenia  

摘要： As a result of significant recent scientific investment, the range of vaccines available for COVID-19 prevention continues to expand and uptake is increasing globally. Although initial trial safety data have been generally reassuring, a number of adverse events, including vaccine induced thrombosis and thrombocytopenia (VITT), have come to light which have the potential to undermine the success of the vaccination program. However, it can be difficult to interpret available data and put these into context and to communicate this effectively. In this review, we discuss contemporary methodologies employed to investigate possible associations between vaccination and adverse neurological outcomes and why determining causality can be challenging. We demonstrate these issues by discussing relevant historical exemplars and explore the relevance for the current pandemic and vaccination program. We also discuss challenges in understanding and communicating such risks to clinicians and the general population within the context of the 'infodemic' facilitated by the Internet and other media.

关键词： allogeneic   clinical trials   neurological conditions   stem cells   systematic review   umbilical cord blood  

摘要： Background aims: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) infusion is being investigated as a treatment for a range of neurological conditions, primarily because of its potent immunomodulatory effects mediated via paracrine signaling. Although initial research mainly utilized autologous UCB, allogeneic samples from a sibling or unrelated donor have now become more common. With the use of allogeneic UCB, questions have arisen surrounding the necessity for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching, preparative regimens and immunosuppressant drugs. To investigate the safety of allogeneic UCB for the treatment of neurological conditions and the impact of HLA mismatching and immunosuppresion, the authors conducted a systematic review of the safety of allogeneic UCB infusion for neurological conditions. Methods: A systematic review of published and gray literature was conducted to investigate the safety of allogeneic UCB infusions for neurological conditions. Results: Authors identified 10 studies using allogeneic UCB to treat autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, stroke, traumatic brain injury and various other conditions. A total of 361 participants (with at least 442 UCB infusions) received a range of HLA-matched/untyped allogeneic units and cell doses, with the majority not administered post-infusion immunosuppression. There were no reported serious adverse events definitely or probably related to the allogeneic UCB infusion, nor later potential complications such as graft-versus host disease or teratoma formation. Conclusions: Although variability between studies is high, the available data do not identify safety concerns with allogeneic UCB infusion for the treatment of neurological conditions, even with variable HLA matching or no immunosuppression. (c) 2021 International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://***/licenses/by/4.0/)

关键词： Epilepsy   Maternal epilepsy   Pregnancy   Offspring   Perinatal outcomes   Long-term neurological morbidity  

摘要： Purpose The current study was aimed to assess whether maternal epilepsy is linked to long-term neurological morbidity of the offspring, and to examine whether maternal epilepsy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods A population-based cohort study was conducted comparing perinatal outcomes of women with and without epilepsy, including long-term neurological morbidity of the offspring. Both the exposed and unexposed groups were followed up to 18 years of age for neurological-related morbidity. To assess perinatal outcomes of women with epilepsy, generalized estimation equation (GEE) models were used to control for confounders. To compare the cumulative incidence of long-term neurological morbidity a Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used. A Cox proportional hazards model was built to control for confounders. Results During the study period, 243,682 deliveries met the inclusion criteria;711 (0.29%) were of mothers with epilepsy. Maternal epilepsy was noted as an independent risk factor for preterm delivery, cesarean delivery, and low birth weight using GEE models controlling for maternal age and parity. Offspring born to mothers with epilepsy had higher rates of long-term neurological morbidity (Kaplan-Meier log-rank test, p < 0.001). A Cox proportional hazards model, controlled for maternal age, hypertensive disorders, gestational age, and diabetes mellitus, demonstrated that being born to a mother with epilepsy was an independent risk factor for long-term neurological morbidity of the offspring (adjusted HR 2.7, 95% CI 2.12-3.56, p < 0.001). Conclusions The pregnancy of epileptic women is independently associated with the adverse perinatal outcome as well as a higher risk for long-term neurological morbidity of the offspring.

关键词： Central nervous system infections   SARS-CoV-2   Medicine/Public Health   general   Neurology  

摘要： The neurological deficits caused by COVID-19, which were first reported in the early months of 2020, continue to intrigue neurologists and health-care professionals worldwide. As two new studies highlight, these manifestations are frequent and are expected to increase the burden of morbidity and mortality in the acute and chronic phases of COVID-19.

关键词： Developing world   Health policy   Neurological disorders   Policy and public health in microbiology   Biomedicine   general   Cancer Research   Metabolic Diseases   Infectious Diseases   Molecular Medicine   Neurosciences  

摘要： COVID-19 and its neurological consequences particularly burden marginalized communities, and so can only be effectively treated by advancing health equity.

关键词： Outcomes research   Spinal cord diseases   Biomedicine   general   Neurosciences   Anatomy   Human Physiology   Neurochemistry   Neuropsychology  

摘要： Study design Committee consensus process including additional structured feedback from spinal cord injury (SCI) experts attending a focus group workshop. Objectives To define a taxonomy for standardized documentation of non-SCI-related conditions in the International Standards for Neurological Classification of SCI (ISNCSCI). Setting Americal Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) International Standards Committee with 16 international ISNCSCI experts. Methods With the new taxonomy, not-normal sensory or motor scores should be tagged with an asterisk ("*"), if they are impacted by a non-SCI condition such as burns, casts, joint contractures, peripheral nerve injuries, amputations, pain, or generalized weakness. The non-SCI condition and instructions on how to handle the "*"-tagged scores during classification should be detailed in the comments box. While sum scores are always calculated based on examined scores, classification variables such as the neurological level of injury (NLI) or the ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) grades are tagged with an "*", when they have been determined on the basis of clinical assumptions. Results With the extended "*"-tag concept, sensory and motor examination results impacted by non-SCI conditions above, at, or below the NLI can be consistently documented, scored, and classified. Feedback from workshop participants confirms agreement on its clinical relevance, logic and soundness, easiness of understanding, communicability, and applicability in daily work. Conclusions After multiple internal revisions, a taxonomy for structured documentation of conditions superimposed on the impairments caused by the SCI together with guidelines for consistent scoring and classification was released with the 2019 ISNCSCI revision. This taxonomy is intended to increase the accuracy of ISNCSCI classifications.

关键词： 神经病学   实践教学   临床路径   案例教学法   教学效果  

摘要： 目的：对比神经病学实践教学中应用基于临床路径的案例教学法的效果。方法：将2020年4月—2021年4月本院接收的神经内科实习生资料抽取82例进行分析，随机均分2组各41例，参照组应用常规教学方案，研究组应用基于临床路径的案例教学，总结不同方案的适用性。结果：研究组实习生考试成绩、满意度和各项能力均更高，对比有统计差异（P<0.05）。结论：神经病学实践教学中，应用基于临床路径的案例教学法能够起到良好的教学效果，提升实习生的成绩和能力，让学生对教学更加满意，促进实习生的发展，适合应用。

摘要： 《临床神经病学杂志》系国家级神经病学专业性学术刊物,由南京医科大学附属脑科医院主办。刊登内容以临床神经病学为主,兼有关边缘学科。读者对象以从事临床神经病学专业的高、中级人员为主,也可供内科、儿科、眼科、五官科医师参阅。本刊的办刊宗旨是:面向临床,面向基层,注重实用,鼎力于提高我国临床神经科医师的专业理论及诊疗水平。一、本刊设有专家论坛、述评、论著、学术交流、专题笔谈、综述、讲座、临床病理(例)讨论、教学园地、问题解答、临床研究、病例报告、误诊误治、技术改进等栏目,接受全国各地来稿。

摘要： 《中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志》是全国唯一与神经免疫学相关的神经病学学术性期刊,由国家卫生健康委员会主管,北京医院、中国免疫学会神经免疫分会主办,国内外公开发行。本刊以从事神经免疫学和神经病学临床和科研人员等为主要读者对象,报道神经疾病领域尤其是神经免疫学领域的科研成果。本刊属中国科技论文统计源期刊、中国科技核心期刊、中国科技引文数据库来源期刊与中国学术期刊综合评价数据库来源期刊等。