关键词： Subarachnoid hemorrhage   Puerarin   SIRT3   SOD2   ROS  

摘要： Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) results in many brain dysfunctions and the neuroprotective function of puerarin after brain damage has been demonstrated in several studies. But whether puerarin can reduce brain nerve damage after SAH is not clear. In this study, we hypothesized that puerarin had the neuroprotective effect after SAH, and this protection could be mediated by bothBcl-2/Bax/Cleaved caspase-3 and SIRT3/SOD2 apoptotic signaling pathways. Methods: First, we used neurological score, brain water content and so on to detect the neurological deficits after SAH. Then apoptosis neuron rate was detected by TUNEL staining. Western blot was carried out to explore the alteration of Blc-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and Sirt3. Also, ROS acitivity and As-lysine level of SOD2 should be detected with assays. Results: We demonstrate that puerarin attenuated the neurological deficits, effectively relieves cerebral edema, and reduce BBB disruption in SAH mice. And we revealed that a reduced rate of apoptosis neuron has been found out in puerarin treatment after SAH. In addition, obviously higher ratio of Blc-2/Bax and decreased expression of cleaved caspase-3 in puerarin-treated SAH micecomparing with vehicle-treated SAH animals had been found. Furthermore, puerarin effectively reversed these alterations in expression and inhibits ROSproduction induced by SAH. Also, puerarin can increase SOD activation after SAH and protect the expression of Sirt3 after SAH. Conclusions: In coclusion, puerarin can provide potential neuroprotection from the SAH damages, and can be act as a novel therapy for SAH.

关键词： Laryngomalacia   Pediatric otolaryngology   Supraglottoplasty   Stroke   Moyamoya   Acquired laryngomalacia   Stridor  

摘要： Acquired laryngomalacia in the pediatric population is rare, especially from a neurogenic cause. This case report describes a pediatric patient who developed laryngomalacia following a neurologic insult. A proposed physiologic pathway is reviewed. A thorough literature review was performed to identify cases of acquired laryngomalacia ascribed to a neurologic cause and are compared to this case.

关键词： Prenatal anemia   Neurological morbidities   Population based cohort  

摘要： Objective: Maternal anemia (Hemoglobin, <11 mg/dl) has been shown to affect fetal growth and pregnancy outcome. We aimed to study a possible association between maternal anemia and the risk for neurological morbidity in the offspring, during a follow-up period of up to 18 years. Study design: A population-based cohort analysis was performed at the Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC), a single regional tertiary center comparing total and specific subtypes of neurological morbidities associated with hospitalizations among children stratified by three maternal post-partum hemoglobin categories: >= 11 mg/dl (no anemia);11.0 mg/dl > Hb >= 7 mg/dl (mild-to-moderate anemia) and <7 mg/dl (severe anemia). Data on pregnancy course and outcome, and later offspring hospitalizations, were compared between the three study groups. All singleton deliveries between the years 19912014 were included in the analysis, and congenital malformations were excluded. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to compare cumulative hospitalization incidence based on maternal anemia status, and a Weibull survival multivariable hazard model was constructed to adjust for confounding variables. Results: The study population included 217,358 deliveries of which 50.6% were in mothers who were not anemic, 49.0% in mothers with moderate anemia and 0.4% in mothers with severe anemia. During the follow up period (018 years, median 10.22 years), 2.1% of offspring were hospitalized with a neurological diagnoses. Neurological hospitalization incidence decreased from 2.95/1000 person years, in the severe anemia group, to 2.32/1000 person years and 2.01/1000 person years, among the mild-to-moderate and no anemia groups, respectively (p = 0.007). The association between maternal anemia and offspring long-term pediatric neurological morbidity remained significant in a Weibull hazards model controlled for gestational age, delivery mode, SGA and insufficient prenatal care (adjusted HR 1.55;1.052.31 and adjusted

关键词： child   hemolytic uremic syndrome   neurologic involvement  

摘要： Introduction. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is the most common extrarenal involvement in hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). There are limited reports on clinical cause of chronic neurologic problems in HUS. We evaluated residual neurologic involvement in children with HUS. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 58 patients with a diagnosis of HUS referred to 2 tertiary pediatric centers. Neurological examinations was performed on all of the patients and they were followed up between 2001 and 2015. Data including demographic variables, type of HUS, neurological symptoms, and other complications were recorded. Neurological involvements that occurred after 6 months from the acute phase of HUS were considered as chronic neurological involvement. Results. Among 58 patients who were included in the study, 31 (53.4%) had neurological manifestations (31 with acute and 19 with chronic complications). There was no significant difference in acute neurological manifestations between typical and atypical HUS, while chronic neurological manifestations were more frequents in patients with atypical HUS (P = .05). The most common presentations were seizure and decreased level of consciousness. Chronic neurologic problems were found in follow-up visits of 11 patients with acute and 8 without acute involvement. Hypertension was associated with chronic manifestations (P = .01). Conclusions. According to our results, residual neurological problems were not infrequent in HUS and they were more related with atypical form of disease. Evidence of hypertension is a significant variable for persistence of neurologic problems.

关键词： Clinical signs   Positive signs   Organic neurological disease   Functional neurological disorder  

摘要： Many patients with organic neurological disease have symptoms and signs that are unexplained by their disease condition. We attempted to explore the prevalence of positive clinical signs in patients with various organic neurological diseases. We performed a prospective uncontrolled observational study on the presence of 7 positive signs in adults with various organic neurological diseases that were admitted to our tertiary care hospital. This observation was performed during their neurological examination in those who provided consent, could comprehend and lacked terminal illness or profound weakness that limited their ability to perform these tasks. We dichotomized them into two groups based on the presence of these signs. Out of 190 patients that were evaluated between 2014 and 2015, 37 patients had at least one positive sign. On univariate analysis: young age, female gender, prior anxiety, history of childhood abuse, identification of sensory deficits on examination and lack of imaging correlation with clinical localization were identified as risk factors for these positive signs. On multivariate analysis, anxiety (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.11-7.49, p = 0.03) and presence of sensory deficits on examination (OR 5.81, 95% CI 2.36-14.32, p <= 0.001) were associated with these positive signs. Positive signs are common in patients with organic neurological diseases that have anxiety or sensory deficits and may imply a component of functional overlay. Large studies are required to understand its pathophysiology and impact on future outcomes. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Traditional Chinese medicine   Ganoderma   Neurological diseases  

摘要： Ganoderma, has been used for clinical applications for thousands of years as a highly-nutritious and significantly effective medicinal herb. The active components and efficacy of Ganoderma are constantly being explored and supplemented every year. In recent years, more and more literature has reported the pharmacological effects of Ganoderma on anti-tumor, liver protection and immunity enhancement, especially on neuroprotection. Numerous research works on the neuroprotective effects of Ganoderma have been documented (e.g., modulation of neurogenesis, amelioration of Alzheimer's disease, therapeutic effect on epilepsy, the protective effect on neural cells in stroke injury, etc.) thus it has drawn increasing attention. However, an integrated and comprehensive review of recent research findings has not been detailed in any great depth. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize and elucidate recent progress of neuroprotective effects of natural Ganoderma and its extracts. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： neurology   public health   social capital   social networks   socioeconomic factors  

摘要： Social capital (SC) is a broad term that encompasses the many resources derived from social connections. The contemporary study of SC in public health has deep roots in the related fields of sociology, economics, and politics. Its multidisciplinary nature and the varying potential ways it could affect individuals have resulted in different but overlapping models to approach SC in the health field. There are currently no standardized measures of SC, and even more challenging its impact on health outcomes seems to vary according to the level of analysis. Despite the accumulating evidence that supports a protective effect of SC on mental and physical health, and mortality, not enough attention has been paid to the potential drawbacks of SC. The role of SC in neurological disease is just beginning to be explored. Concerted efforts are needed to ensure that empirical evidence on SC could be properly translated into interventions for health-promoting purposes. In this paper, we review the current state of scientific knowledge on the subject of SC, with a focus on its application in the field of neurology.

摘要： Shoulder dystocia represents an obstetric emergency due to the short window of opportunity to relieve the obstruction prior to the onset of hypoxic brain injury. Although dire complications such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and death are infrequently encountered, the neurological prognosis of the other successfully delivered infants have not been previously assessed. In this study we sought to examine the implications of shoulder dystocia on long-term neurological outcome of the offspring.

摘要： Detailed microscopy revealed a novel route to the brain for the infiltration of inflammatory cells in mice: microscopic vascular channels cross the inner skull cortex for direct myeloid migration between the brain and the skull bone marrow via the meninges.7 Advances in methods are the basis for new *** organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells hold the powerful potential to model human disease, a sorely needed development as we have come to the seemingly obvious conclusion that rats and mice are not humans, and the conclusions we can draw from animal studies are *** the same cephalopod wonderment category, 2018 brought us the finding that the octopus, separated by 500 million years of evolution, shares with humans a gene that responds to the drug ecstasy by increasing serotonin levels, thereby inducing a display of physical affection for their fellow octopuses.11 I have received personal fees from ADRx, grants and personal fees from The Tau Consortium, and grants from the National Institutes of Health, the Cohen Veterans Network, and the Hillblom Foundation.

关键词： Compressive myelopathy   hypertrophic pachymeningitis   immunoglobulin G4   steroid response   storiform fibrosis  

摘要： Aim: To study the clinical presentation, radiological findings, and therapy responsiveness of patients with biopsy-proven immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) -related neurological disease. Methods: The study was conducted between January 2016 and March 2018 from the Department of Neurology and Pathology of Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences. Patients with neurological symptoms and biopsy suggestive of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) were included. These patients were studied for their demographic pattern and clinical presentation. The presence of serological markers such as vasculitic profile and IgG4 levels was analyzed. Radiological findings were studied in detail. Therapeutic agents used and the response to therapy were assessed. Results: There were six cases with IgG4-related neurological disease which were all hypertrophic pachymeningitis. The age ranged from 35 to 64 (mean = 46) years. The clinical presentation was acute in one, subacute in two, and chronic in three patients. The most common presenting symptom was headache (4), followed by gait and/or urinary disturbances (2), paraparesis (1), and diplopia (1). IgG4 levels were elevated in 50% of them. Pseudotumor-like mass and sinovenous thrombosis, not described previously, were seen in one patient. All the patients were treated with oral or intravenous steroid. Rituximab was given in three patients;azathioprine was the steroid-sparing agent in one patient. Those with acute/subacute onset of presentation had an excellent response to steroids. All the patients with a chronic duration of their symptoms received empirical anti-tuberculous therapy before a definitive diagnosis of Ig G4-RD was made. Conclusions: The characterization of patients with IgG4-related neurological disease based on the understanding of the clinical spectrum increases the confidence in the clinician to resort to early immunosuppression, thereby having prognostic implications.