关键词： Epilepsy   Major depressive disorder   Psychological interview   Meta-analysis  

摘要： Background and purpose: The Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (NDDI-E) is a useful inventory for screening major depressive disorder (MDD) in people with epilepsy (PWE). The cutoff score for detecting MDD has been reported with the range of >11 to >16. The aim of this study was to find optimal cutoff score of the NDDI-E for MDD detection by combining the raw data from previous studies. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and SCOPUS to identify proper studies. Original researches, which tested the accuracy of NDDI-E for MDD detection in adult PWE, were recruited. We included the studies in which MDD was diagnosed by a gold standard structural interview, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). In addition, we included only the studies providing enough information for meta-analysis: number of PWE with MDD, number of total PWE, and sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Spe) for each cutoff score. After collecting data from included studies, we performed a diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) meta-analysis using bivariate model. Results: We identified 13 validation studies conducted in outpatient epilepsy clinic setting. As summary estimates of test accuracy measures, the Se, Spe, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of NDDI-E for MDD detection were 0.81, 0.84, and 22.48, respectively. The analysis using the multiple thresholds model showed that the NDDI-E score of 13.2 was the best fit for MDD detection. When analyzing only with the seven data sets of the cutoff score >13, the Se, Spe, and DOR were 0.87, 0.80, and 25.72, respectively. Conclusions: The optimal NDDI-E cutoff score for MDD detection is >13. The information provided by this DTA meta-analysis will be a useful reference for applying NDDI-E in geographic areas where no NDDI-E validation studies have been conducted for their languages. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： quality of Life   patient-reported outcomes   neurofibromatosis type 1   plexiform neurofibrom   pediatric  

摘要： Objective To assess the health-related quality of life of children with neurofibromatosis type 1-related plexiform neurofibromas (pNF) using a battery of patient-reported outcome measures selected based on a conceptual framework derived from input by patients, parents, and clinicians regarding the most important pNF symptoms and concerns. Study design There were 140 children with pNF ages 8-17 years who completed the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (including domains anxiety, depressive symptom, psychosocial stress experiences. fatigue, pain interference, meaning and purpose. positive affect. peer relationships, physical functionmobility) and Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders measurement system (stigma) via an online platform. T-scores for each measure were compared with US population norms. Results Children with pNF reported significantly worse scores than the population norms on 8 of 10 domains. Children with at least 1 family member having a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 and those having pain reported significantly worse symptoms and functioning on all domains. Boys reported significantly worse pain interference, stigma, meaning and purpose, mobility function, and upper extremity function than girls. Conclusions Children with pNF experience significantly worse health-related quality of life on all but 1 domain, highlighting the importance of monitoring children's quality of life over time in clinical research and practice. Future research should evaluate the replicability of these findings and evaluate the validity of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System and Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders measurement system in relation to clinical characteristics among children with pNF.

关键词： ALZHEIMER'S disease treatment   AMYLOID  

摘要： The article offers pharmaceutical industry news brief as of March 2019. Topics discussed include faliure of amyloid targeting b-secretase (BACE) inhibitors for treatment Alzheimer's disease in neurolgy, Ipsen and Clementia Pharmaceuticals have entered into an agreement for Ipsen to acquire Clementia Pharmaceuticals and Charles River Laboratories International, Inc. has signed a binding offer to acquire Citoxlab.

关键词： Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion   Ischemic stroke   Jobelyn®   Oxidative stress   Pro-inflammatory cytokines  

摘要： The effects of Jobelyn® (JB) on neurological deficits and biochemical alterations associated with ischemic stroke induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) in rats were investigated in this study. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 8): group 1 served as Sham control;group 2, which served as negative control received normal saline while groups 3–5 were given JB (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o) daily for 28 days. Then, rats in groups 2–5 were subjected to BCCAO for 30 min and reperfusion afterwards. Neurological deficits were assessed 3 h post-reperfusion using a 9-point neurological scoring scale. The levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrotic factor-α and interleukin-6), expressions of immunopositive cells of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE) activity were determined in brain tissues. Histology of the striatum, prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (CA1) was also evaluated. JB improved BCCAO-induced neurological deficits and attenuated increased oxidative stress and AChE activity in rats subjected to BCCAO (p < 0.05). Increased brain levels of tumour necrotic factor-α and interleukin-6 as well as expressions of immunopositive cells of NF-κB were decreased by JB. JB reduced brain damage and also increased population of viable neurons in the striatum, PFC and hippocampus of ischemic stroke rats. These findings suggest that the positive effect of JB on neurological function in rats with ischemic stroke may be related to inhibition of oxidative stress, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and expressions of immunopositive cells of NF-κB. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： full-term infants   Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination   late-preterm infant   optimality score   raw score   term-corrected age  

摘要： Aim We hypothesise that clinically well late-preterm infants (LPI) (34(+0)-36(+6) weeks) are neurologically more immature than their term counterparts, and this immaturity persists even when these infants reach term-corrected age (TCA). The primary aim of our study was to characterise and contrast the neurodevelopmental profile of well LPI with full-term infants (FTI) (39(+0)-41(+6) weeks) using the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination (HNNE). Our secondary aim was to obtain local reference ranges for the 34 items in the HNNE in an Asian-dominant population. Methods LPI were assessed at two time points: 12-72 h of life and at TCA of 39(+0)-41(+6) weeks, while FTI were assessed at 12-72 h of life using the HNNE. Each of the 34 items on the HNNE was assigned an optimality score (OS) of 0, 0.5 or 1, totalling up to 34. A quantitative comparison of the neurobehavioral patterns was made using two-sample t-tests. Results A total of 212 infants (79 LPI and 133 FTI) were recruited. Mean OSs for LPI and FTI at birth were (25.11 +/- 3.36)/34 and (31.19 +/- 1.50)/34, respectively, with a mean difference of 6.08 (P value <0.0001). The mean OS for LPI on reaching TCA was (28.91 +/- 2.30)/34, with a mean difference of 2.28 (P value <0.0001). Reference OSs for the 34 items on the HNNE were also obtained. Conclusion LPI are more immature than their term counterparts even on reaching TCA, with discrepancies most apparent in 'tone' and 'movement'. We provide reference OSs of 34 items in the HNNE for infants in an Asian-dominant population.

关键词： Stroke   Mechanical thrombectomy   Prognosis  

摘要： BackgroundWe investigated the prevalence and mechanisms of neurological deterioration after endovascular *** January 2011 and October 2017, acute ischemic stroke patients treated by endovascular thrombectomy in a tertiary university hospital were included. Early neurological deterioration (END) was defined as an increase of 2 or more National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) compared to the best neurological status after stroke within 7 days. The END mechanism was categorized into ischemia progression, symptomatic hemorrhage, and brain *** total of 125 acute ischemic stroke patients received endovascular thrombectomy. Neurological deterioration was detected in 44 patients, and 38 cases (86.4% of END) occurred within 72h. The END mechanism included 20 ischemia progression, 16 brain edema and 8 hemorrhagic transformation cases. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the patients who experienced END were more likely to have poor functional outcome defined as modified Rankin scale 3-6at 90 days than neurologically stable patients (odds ratio (OR)=4.06, confidence interval (CI)=1.39-11.9). The risk factor of END due to ischemia progression was stroke subtype of large artery atherosclerosis (OR=6.28, CI=1.79-22.0). Successful recanalization (OR=0.11, CI=0.03-0.39) and NIHSS after endovascular thrombectomy (OR=1.15 per one-point increase, CI=1.06-1.24) were significantly associated with END due to hemorrhage or brain *** deterioration frequently occurs after endovascular thrombectomy, and the risk factors of END differ according to the mechanism of END.

关键词： Academic achievement   Neuropsychological assessment   Cancer   Pediatrics   Neurological complications   Treatment  

摘要： Survivors of childhood brain tumors exhibit impairments in academic performance and have lower rates of educational attainment compared to healthy same-aged peers. Prior research has demonstrated the concurrent validity of the Neurological Predictor Scale (NPS), a measure that incorporates tumor-related treatments and complications into one cumulative score, in predicting IQ, adaptive functioning, and core neurocognitive skills. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the NPS predicts academic achievement outcomes over and above the effects of individual treatment factors alone. Sixty-two adult survivors completed four untimed measures of academic achievement from the Woodcock-Johnson III. NPS scores significantly predicted performance on all four academic measures: Letter Word ID (R-2 = - 0.454, p < .01), Calculation (R-2 = - 0.494, p < .01), Spelling (R-2 = - 0.428, p < .01) and Passage Comprehension (R-2 = - 0.447, p < .01). 16% of survivors were impaired on the Letter Word ID, 23% on Calculation, 19% on Spelling, and 11% on Passage Comprehension subtests with impairment defined as z ae- 1.5. The NPS predicted academic outcomes over and above chemotherapy, surgery, seizure medication, endocrine dysfunction, hydrocephalus, and radiation on all measures. This study extends prior research by demonstrating that the NPS is significantly associated with academic achievement in survivors on average 15.9 years after diagnosis. The NPS may be especially helpful in clinical research when studies lack the statistical power to investigate how treatments and neurological conditions individually contribute to outcomes.

关键词： neurology  

关键词： Atherosclerosis   Neurodegeneration   Ischemia   Gene expression   Endothelial dysfunction  

摘要： Neurodegeneration is traditionally viewed as a consequence of peptide accumulation in the brain, stroke and/or cerebral ischemia. Nonetheless, a number of scattered observations suggest that neurological disease and atherosclerosis may be linked by more complex mechanisms. Understanding the intricate link between atherosclerosis and neurological conditions may have a significant impact on the quality of life of the growing ageing population and of high cardiovascular risk groups in general. Epidemiological data support the notion that neurological dysfunction and atherosclerosis coexist long before any evident clinical complications of cardiovascular disease appear and may be causally linked. Baffling, often overlooked, molecular data suggest that nervous tissue-specific gene expression is relaxed specifically in the atheromatous vascular wall, and/or that a systemic dysregulation of genes involved in nervous system biology dictates a concomitant progression of neurological disease and atherosclerosis. Further epidemiological and experimental work is needed to clarify the details and clinical relevance of those complex links.

关键词： S-DFO   Iron chelation   Zebrafish   Toxicity   ZnO  

摘要： Objectives: Clinically approved iron chelators are effective in decreasing significant transfusional iron accumulation. Starch-Deferoxamine (S-DFO), a novel high molecular weight iron chelator, was produced to increase binding capacity to iron and reduce toxicity. Although its efficacy was established in one small cohort clinical trial, its potential adverse effect was not adequately addressed. Methods: We utilized zebrafish model to assess S-DFO toxicity using following assays: mortality, teratogenicity, hatching rate, tail flicking, Acridine Orange staining for apoptosis detection, o-dianisidine staining for hemoglobin synthesis, and the level of Hsp70 as a general stress indicator. Embryos were exposed to different concentrations of S-DFO, Zinc Oxide nanoparticle (ZnO) (positive control), along with untreated control (UC). Results: S-DFO showed no significant mortality nor deformities at all tested concentrations (0.0-1000 pM). Thus, the LC50 is expected to > 1000 pM. 100 pM S-DFO treatment did not affect embryo development (as judged by hatching rate);neuromuscular activity (as judged by tail flicking);and hemoglobin synthesis. Neither apoptosis, nor increase in Hsp70 level was noticed upon S-DFO treatment. Conclusion: Our assays demonstrate that S-DFO does not induce cellular or biochemical stress and has no adverse effect on organ development of zebrafish embryos, suggesting its safe use as an iron chelator.