关键词： Stroke   Cerebrovascular disease   Deterioration   Purines   Penumbra  

摘要： BackgroundEarly neurological deterioration (END) is common after stroke. Prediction could identify patients requiring additional monitoring and intervention. Purines, breakdown products of adenosine triphosphate which accumulate during acute hypoxia, may reflect the subclinical presence of vulnerable tissue. We considered whether whole blood purine concentration (WBPC) measurements during acute stroke were associated with subsequent *** within 4.5h of stroke onset underwent point-of-care finger-prick measurement of WBPC and blinded assessment of symptom severity using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). END was defined as an NIHSS increase 2 points at 24-36h compared to ***15/152 (9.8%) patients experienced END with a median [IQR] NIHSS increase of 4 [2-7] points. There were no strong associations between END and baseline NIHSS, clinical stroke subtype, thrombolytic therapy, physiological characteristics or time to assay. The median [IQR] WBPC concentration (uM) was higher before the occurrence of END but without statistical significance (7.21 [4.77-10.65] versus 4.83 [3.00-9.02];p=0.1). Above a WBPC threshold of 6.05uM, the risk of END was significantly greater (odds ratio 3.7 (95% CI 1.1-12.4);p=0.03).ConclusionAlthough the study lacked statistical power, early WBPC measurement could be a convenient biomarker for identifying acute stroke patients at risk of END, but further evaluation is required.

摘要： "Rethinking the clinical gaze: patient-centered innovation in pediatric neurology."New Genetics and Society, 38(2), pp. 240–241

关键词： Paul Broca   cerebral localization   cerebral thermometry   Jeremiah Eskridge   Landon Gray   history of neurology-nineteenth century   Dario Maragliano   Charles Mills   neurological diagnosis   Mary Putnam-Jacobi   Edward Constant Seguin   edouard Seguin   Giuseppe Seppilli   John Spurgin   surface thermometer   thermometry   Carl Wunderlich  

摘要： Surface thermometers were developed in the latter half of the nineteenth century. In 1877, Broca, already famous for his contributions to the cerebral localization of nonfluent aphasia, presented his first clinical observations on cranial surface temperatures: In two cases, cranial surface temperatures were decreased over a middle cerebral artery infarction, and increased in surrounding areas, which Broca attributed to "compensatory hyperaemia." As Broca made apparent in a later report in 1879, he had used a "thermometric crown," an apparatus consisting of six to eight large-reservoir mercury thermometers strapped against the head. Following Broca's report, American neurologists reported cases in which cranial surface temperatures were increased either locally over a superficial brain tumor or globally with a cerebral abscess. Despite promising anecdotal reports, contemporaries recognized that significant technical and practical problems limited its accuracy, reliability, and clinical utility. Advocates never demonstrated that this technology provided significant marginal benefit to the medical history and physical examination. The technique fell out of fashion before 1900, though some early advocates promoted it into the early twentieth century. It was ultimately replaced by more effective technologies for cerebral localization and neurological diagnosis.

关键词： Dental stem cells   cell therapy   neurodegenerative diseases   mesenchymal stem cells  

摘要： One of the main hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases is the loss of neurons in the brain and/or spinal cord. The clinical characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases depend on the specific regions of the central nervous system that have undergone cell loss. These diseases place an enormous burden on society due to the degree of human suffering and their substantial economic cost. Indeed, approximately 1 in 6 individuals worldwide suffer from neurological disorders. As the world's population ages, the impact of neurological disorders is expected to increase and likely become one of the main public health and medical challenges of the coming century. There is still no cure for neurodegenerative diseases and currently available therapies only provide symptomatic relief. Hence, there is a pressing need to identify alternative therapeutic approaches to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Considering the global impact of these diseases and the need for new therapies, stem cell therapies have emerged as a promising treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, dental stem cells are an optimal candidate for cell-based therapeutic approaches, due primarily to the ease with which they can be obtained and their high regenerative potential. In this review, we summarize the potential of dental stem cells for use as a neurodegenerative disease therapy.

关键词： Positive psychology   central nervous system diseases   well-being   psychological intervention   systematic review  

摘要： Objectives: Psychological well-being in people with neurological diseases can be compromised due to brain damage or psychological reactions towards chronic disabilities. This systematic review evaluated the efficacy of positive psychological intervention (PPI) in neurological populations. Methods: Previous studies relevant to this topic were identified by searches in PUBMED, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PSYCINFO databases from Jan 1980 to August 2017. Results: Of 1361 articles identified, 31 studies were included. Nineteen studies were randomized controlled trials. Sixteen studies had sample sizes of less than 30. Twelve studies were rated as high quality using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) quality assessment tools. Six therapies were found: mindfulness-based approaches, positive savoring, life summary, expressive-based, hope-based interventions, and character strengths. These interventions were shown to improve quality of life, reduce symptomatic distress, and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: PPIs promote well-being among patients with neurological deficits. For PPIs to be considered as an evidence-based practice, more trials with adequate statistical power are required.

关键词： Royal Amidon   Paul Bert   Paul Broca   cerebral localization   cerebral thermometry   Jacques-Arsene d'Arsonval   Jeremiah Eskridge   Charles-emile Francois-Franck   Landon Gray   history of neurology-nineteenth century   Josiah Lombard   Dario Maragliano   Charles Mills   Angelo Mosso   neurological diagnosis   Mary Putnam-Jacobi   edouard Seguin   Edward Constant Seguin   Giuseppe Seppilli   surface thermometer   thermometry   Carl Wunderlich  

摘要： Surface thermometers were developed in the latter half of the nineteenth century. From the 1850s through the 1880s, collaborations between physicians, research scientists, and instrument makers produced clear improvements in the technology to measure cranial surface temperatures, with development of self-registering mercury surface thermometers resistant to pressure and little influenced by ambient temperature, apparatus for recording cranial surface temperatures from multiple stations simultaneously, and development of thermoelectric apparatus. Physiologic studies of cranial surface thermometry were conducted over a quarter century from 1861 to 1886. Beginning in the 1860s Albers in Bonn, Germany, and Lombard at Harvard and later in England systematically investigated surface temperatures on the head using surface thermometers and thermoelectric apparatus;they demonstrated that head temperatures were variable over time and across individuals and were not clearly influenced by thinking or muscular contraction but were influenced by ambient air temperature. In 1880 Amidon in the United States claimed that cranial surface thermometry during exertion produced localized increases in surface temperature on the contralateral scalp in a specific pattern ("external motive areas") indicating underlying brain areas responsible for each movement. Amidon's results were not reproduced by experienced physiologists in England or France. Contemporaries recognized that significant technical and practical problems limited the accuracy and reliability of cranial surface thermometry. Physiological studies of cranial surface thermometry ended in the mid 1880s, although some clinicians who were early advocates promoted its use in clinical contexts into the early twentieth century.

关键词： Robotic-assisted upper extremity training   stroke   spinal cord injury   multiple sclerosis   motor neuron disease   Parkinson  

摘要： Purpose: The primary focus of this review was to find out the effectiveness of robotics in improving upper extremity functions among people with neurological problems in the arena of physical rehabilitation. Material and methods: Two reviewers independently scrutinized the included studies. The selected studies underwent quality assessment by Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) having a score of four or more were included in the review. A search was conducted in PUBMED, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PROQUEST, science direct, Cochrane Library, PEDro and Google Scholar. Results: A total of 202 studies were identified. After removal of duplication, inclusion and exclusion criteria's n = 23 studies were included in the review process. For analysis, only the primary outcome measures of the studies were taken into account. Studies finally included in analysis were n = 21. The included studies were 19 in stroke, 1 in cerebral palsy (CP) and 1 study in multiple sclerosis (MS). No RCTs were reportedly found in spinal cord injury (SCI), Parkinson and motor neuron disease (MND). Conclusions: Studies related to stroke showed a clear definiteness in the improvement of upper extremity functions. On the contrary, there still remains a need for quality trials in CP, MS to establish the efficacy of robotics in upper extremity rehabilitation.

关键词： 临床神经病学杂志   英文大写   第一作者   缩略语  

摘要： 《临床神经病学杂志》系国家级神经病学专业性学术刊物,由南京医科大学附属脑科医院主办。刊登内容以临床神经病学为主,兼及有关边缘学科。读者对象以从事临床神经病学专业的高、中级人员为主,也可供内科、儿科、眼科、五官科医师参阅。本刊的办刊宗旨是:面向临床,面向基层,注重实用,鼎力于提高我国临床神经科医师的专业理论及诊疗水平。

关键词： 网络开放平台   多模式教学   神经病学   实践教学  

摘要： 目的探讨基于网络开放平台联合多模式教学在神经病学实践教学中的应用效果。方法将哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院2015、2016级60名神经病学专业硕士研究生随机分为试验组与对照组,每组各30人。试验组神经病学实践教学采用基于网络开放平台联合多模式教学,对照组采用传统教学法。实践教学结束后,分别对两组学生进行基础知识、专业操作、阅片和病例分析4项测评,同时利用问卷了解两组学生教学满意度。结果试验组测评成绩高于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05),且教学满意度高于对照组,在自学能力、表达能力、分析能力、学习兴趣、知识水平、创新性思维6方面显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在神经病学实践教学中采用基于网络开放平台联合多模式教学,有利于培养实用型医学人才,取得良好教学效果,值得推广。

关键词： 临床神经病学杂志   科技期刊学术不端文献检测系统   学术不端文献  

摘要： 为了提高编辑部对于学术不端文献的辨别能力,端正学风,维护作者权益,《临床神经病学杂志》日前已正式启用'科技期刊学术不端文献检测系统',对来稿进行逐篇检查。该系统以《中国学术文献网络出版总库》为全文比对数据库,可检测抄袭与剽窃、伪造、篡改、不当署名、一稿多投等学术不端文献,论文的文字复制比不应高于20%。