关键词： Cue-diagnosis theory   Event-related potentials   Online shopping   Price   Product evaluation  

摘要： In order to better understand how price and evaluation impact consumers' decision making, this research examined the neural bases underlying consumers' cognition of the two important clues when shopping online. An ERP experiment was conducted involving 19 Chinese students and the behavior data revealed that product price and evaluation significantly influenced their willingness to purchase mobile phones online, and the speed with which they made purchase decisions supported cue-diagnosis theory. Further, ERP results indicated three neural stages of decision-making: early automatic cognition with emotional valence and negativity bias effects elicited by product evaluation ratings, an evaluation stage exhibiting an attention, and a final stage featuring an evaluation-categorization pattern associated with pleasurable sensations. Specifically, those three neural stages of online decision-making were coded with corresponding event-related potentials in brain, that is, N1 and P2 in automatic cognition stage, P300 in evaluation phase, LPP in concluding phase. Hence, the research results reveal neurological effects of product price and evaluation on online purchases and deepen our comprehension of consumers' cognitive process.

关键词： Anatomy   Animal cells   Animal models of disease   Animal models of infection   Animal studies   Apoptosis   Biology and life sciences   Body temperature   Brain   Cell biology   Cell death   Cell processes   Cellular types   Diluents   Flaviviruses   Gene expression   Genetics   Glial cells   Hippocampus   Materials   Materials science   Medical microbiology   Medicine and health sciences   Microbial pathogens   Microbiology   Microglial cells   Mixtures   Organisms   Pathogens   Pathology and laboratory medicine   Physical sciences   Physiological parameters   Physiology   Research and analysis methods   Research Article   RNA viruses   Solutions   Viral pathogens   Viruses   Zika virus  

摘要： Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus associated with microcephaly and other neurological disorders in infants born to infected mothers. Despite being declared an international emergency by the World Health Organization, very little is known about the mechanisms of ZIKV pathogenesis or the long-term consequences of maternal ZIKV infection in the affected offspring, largely due to the lack of appropriate rodent models. To address this issue, our lab has developed a working model of prenatal ZIKV infection in rats. In this study, we infected immune competent pregnant female rats with 10(5)-10(7) PFU of ZIKV (PRVABC59, Puerto Rico/Human/Dec 2015) in order to examine its pathogenesis in the dams and pups. We examined the febrile response and sickness behavior in the dams, in addition to neonatal mortality, microglia morphology, cortical organization, apoptosis, and brain region-specific volumes in the offspring. Here, we demonstrate that pregnant and non-pregnant female rats have a distinct febrile response to ZIKV infection. Moreover, prenatal ZIKV infection increased cell death and reduced tissue volume in the hippocampus and cortex in the neonatal offspring. For the first time, we demonstrate the efficacy and validity of an immunocompetent rat model for maternal ZIKV infection that results in significant brain malformations in the neonatal offspring.

关键词： Heart arrest   Induced hypothermia   Evoked potentials   Prognosis  

摘要： BackgroundWe hypothesized that the absence of P25 and the N20-P25 amplitude in somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) have higher sensitivity than the absence of N20 for poor neurological outcomes, and we evaluated the ability of SSEPs to predict long-term outcomes using pattern and amplitude *** prospectively collected therapeutic hypothermia registry data, we evaluated whether cortical SSEPs contained a negative or positive short-latency wave (N20 or P25). The N20-P25 amplitude was defined as the largest difference in amplitude between the N20 and P25 peaks. A good or poor outcome was defined as a Glasgow-Pittsburgh Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) score of 1-2 or 3-5, respectively, 6months after cardiac *** total of 192 SSEP recordings were included. In all patients with a good outcome (n=51), both N20 and P25 were present. Compared to the absence of N20, the absence of N20-P25 component improved the sensitivity for predicting a poor outcome from 30.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.0-38.8%) to 71.6% (95% CI, 63.4-78.9%), while maintaining a specificity of 100% (93.0-100.0%). Using an amplitude <0.64V, i.e., the lowest N20-P25 amplitude in the good outcome group, as the threshold, the sensitivity for predicting a poor neurological outcome was 74.5% (95% CI, 66.5-81.4%). Using the highest N20-P25 amplitude in the CPC 4 group (2.31V) as the threshold for predicting a good outcome, the sensitivity and specificity were 52.9% (95% CI, 38.5-67.1%) and 96.5% (95% CI, 91.9-98.8%), respectively. The predictive performance of the N20-P25 amplitude was good, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.90-0.97). The absence of N20 was statistically inferior regarding outcome prediction (p<0.05), and amplitude analysis yielded significantly higher AUC values than did the pattern analysis (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe simple pattern analysis of whether the N20-P25 component was present had a sensitivity

关键词： bladder dysfunction   decompression   outcome   spinal cord injury   surgery  

摘要： The optimal timing of surgical intervention following spinal cord injury (SCI) remains under debate. Recent studies indicate a potential neurological and functional benefit of early surgery (< 8 h) after cervical SCI. For thoracolumbar SCI syndromes, fewer studies exist. Bladder and bowel dysfunction are highly relevant for these patients and impair their quality of life. Hence, we performed a retrospective study on patients with thoracolumbar SCI who were operated on at our institution and who met inclusion as well as exclusion criteria (n = 58 patients). Follow-up data were collected prospectively within a fixed time schedule over 1 year according to the European Multicenter Study about Spinal Cord Injury protocol. Early decompression was defined as within the first 8 h after injury and was performed in 35 patients. After the follow-up period, the early decompression group showed improved American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grades (p < 0.040) and a higher AIS conversion (p < 0.021). Further, these patients demonstrated a higher total Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) difference (p < 0.005). Special emphasis was placed on the functional bladder and bowel outcome. Here, we observed improved bladder outcome (i.e., SCIM-6 sub-item;p < 0.021) and a trend towards better functional bowel management (i.e., SCIM-7;p < 0.090). Linear regression models showed that early surgery was an independent predictor for higher AIS shifts and improved total SCIM difference. Our data suggests that prompt surgical management after thoracolumbar SCI might have a positive impact on the functional and neurological outcome.

关键词： GTPCH deficiency   Recurrent hyperthermia   South Asian child  

摘要： BackgroundTetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiencies are disorders affecting phenylalanine homeostasis, and catecholamine and serotonin biosynthesis. GTP-Cyclohydrolase I deficiency (OMIM 600225) is an extremely rare variant of inborn error of BH4 synthesis which exists in recessive and dominant forms. The recessive form presents with complex neurological and autonomic dysfunction whilst the dominant form presents as Dopa-responsive *** presentationWe describe a South Asian child who initially presented with neurological dysfunction and recurrent vomiting and later developed recurrent hyperthermia for several months. The child did not have screening for hyperphenylalaninemia at birth and was found to have marked hyperphenylalaninemia after clinical presentation at 5months. Further evaluation revealed BH4 deficiency. GTP-Cyclohydrolase I deficiency (GTPCH) was identified based on normal dihydro pteridine reductase activity and markedly reduced neopterin in dried blood spot test. After institution of treatment and control of high phenylalanine levels, clinical deterioration decelerated yet with noticeable residual neurological *** authors' knowledge, this is first report of GTPCH deficiency in a South Asian child. The case highlights practical issues regarding diagnosis of GTPCH deficiency, especially in countries without broader universal newborn screening programs for early detection of inherited metabolic disorders. Testing for GTPCH deficiency should be considered for patients with unexplained neurological and autonomic symptoms following initial metabolic screen.

关键词： Advance care planning   Chronic progressive neurological disease   Supportive and palliative care   Quality of life  

摘要： BackgroundThere is increasing awareness of the need for an integrated palliative care approach in chronic progressive neurological diseases. Advance care planning (ACP) is an integral part of this approach. As a systematically organized and ongoing communication process about patients' values, goals and preferences regarding medical care during serious and chronic illness, ACP aims to involve patients in decision-making before they become cognitively and communicatively incapable. However, it remains underutilized in daily neurological practice except for speciality clinics such as ALS centers. Our aim was to study ACP in the tertiary ALS center Amsterdam and to investigate patients' reflections on it. Subsequently we used this knowledge to formulate recommendations for integration of ACP in the care of patients with other chronic progressive neurological ***-participating observations of all appointments of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) with the treating physician, in various stages of disease, during 6 consecutive months, followed by single in-depth interviews, and an inductive ***-eight Dutch patients participated, varying in age, gender, disease onset and severity of physical decline. ACP started directly when the diagnosis was given, by means of a general outlook on the future with progressive disability and immediate introduction to a customized multidisciplinary team. During follow-up ACP was realized by regular appointments in which monitoring of the patient's status and clear communication strategies formed the basis of tailor-made discussions on treatment options. Patients accepted this policy as careful professional *** is a professional communication process throughout the whole course of progressive disease. It is feasible to integrate ACP into follow-up of patients with ALS and PMA from diagnosis onwards. Supported by recent literature, we a

关键词： Salvia officinalis   Hot flushes   Menopause   Adrenergic   Serotonergic   Muscarinic   mu-Opioid neurotransmitter  

摘要： BackgroundSalvia officinalis has been used successfully for the treatment of hot flushes and excessive sweating during menopause. However, modes of actions have not been elucidated conclusively. We explored its pharmacology beyond any hormonal activity with a focus on neurologic impulse *** hydroalcoholic, thujone-free extract from freshly harvested Salvia officinalis leaves (*** Menosan (R)) was investigated in an acetylcholinesterase enzyme assay and several receptor binding assays (adrenergic alpha 2A, GABA (benzodiazepine site), GABA(B);muscarinic M3, -opioid, serotonin 5-HT1A, serotonin 5-HT2B, serotonin 5-HT2C and serotonin transporter). The influence of the manufacturing process on additional extracts from different fresh or dry plant parts was *** Salvia officinalis extract replaced 50% of specific ligand binding to GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors at an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 89 and 229g/ml, respectively. Strong binding affinity was observed for the adrenergic (2A) receptor, -opioid receptors, muscarinic M3 receptors, and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, with IC50 values of 15g/ml, 20g/ml, 25g/ml and 19g/ml, respectively. Moderate interference with 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C receptors, and the human serotonin transporter was found, all with IC50 values above 32g/ml. Receptor binding data of Salvia extract were confirmed in native female hypothalamic tissue from two women (51 and 37years old).Use of freshly harvested Salvia leaves resulted in 2- to 4-fold higher activity/lower IC50 values compared to extracts from dried plants or *** results suggest potent modulation of neuro-receptors and of serotonin transporters as mode of action for Salvia officinalis alcoholic extract, which may normalize thermoregulation and possibly also mental impairment during menopause.

关键词： Mice   Biological locomotion   Hippocampus   Dopamine   Learning   Polymerase chain reaction   Animal behavior   Nucleus accumbens  

摘要： Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z (PTPRZ) is preferentially expressed in the central nervous system as two transmembrane receptor isoforms PTPRZ-A/B and one secretory isoform PTPRZ-S. Ptprz-knockout mice lacking the expression of all three isoforms show behavioral, learning, and neurological abnormalities, including increased exploratory activities to novelty, deficits in spatial and contextual learning, and reduced responses to methamphetamine, relative to wild-type mice. To investigate whether PTPRZ isoforms play distinct physiological roles, we herein performed behavioral studies on two knock-in mouse lines: One expresses the catalytically inactive Cys-1930 to Ser (CS) mutants of PTPRZ-A/B, while the other generated in the present study expresses catalytically active mutants of PTPRZ-A/B lacking the negative regulatory PTP-D2 domain and C-terminal PDZ-binding motif (Delta D2) instead of wild-type PTPRZ-A/-B. In contrast to Ptprz-knockout mice, neither increased responses to novelty in the open field nor memory impairments in the inhibitory-avoidance task were observed in Ptprz-CS or Ptprz-Delta D2 mice. However, the effects of methamphetamine on locomotor activity were significantly weaker in Ptprz-KO mice and CS mutant mice than in wild-type mice, but were normal in Delta D2 mutant mice. Furthermore, microdialysis experiments revealed that methamphetamine-evoked dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens was reduced in Ptprz-KO mice and CS mutant mice. These results suggest that the extracellular region of PTPRZ, including the secretory isoform, is crucial for behavioral responses to novelty and the formation of aversive memories, whereas the PTPase activities of PTPRZ receptor isoforms are involved in regulating the dopaminergic system.

关键词： PMVs   Cerebral infarction   Angiogenesis   Proangiogenic factors  

摘要： The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of PMVs on mice with ischemic cerebral infarction and its mechanism. Male C57BL/6 mice were selected, and the right focal cortical infarction model was established via cauterization under a microscope and randomly divided into sham operation (Sham) group, normal saline control (Saline) group and platelet microvesicles intervention (PMVs) group. At 1 h after modeling, 5 mu L, of PMVs (50 mu g/mL) or normal saline was injected into the lateral ventricle. The neurological function of mice in each group was evaluated at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 d after modeling. After 28 d, the cerebral infarction area was detected via 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (11'C) staining. At 7 and 28 d after modeling, the blood vessel density, proliferation rate of new vessels and encapsulation rate of pericytes were detected via immunofluorescence staining. Moreover, the changes in cerebral cortical blood flow at the infarction side were detected before modeling and at 7 and 28 d after modeling, respectively. Finally, the expressions of proangiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and N-Cadherin were detected via Western blotting at 3, 7 and 28 d after modeling. PMVs could promote the improvement of neurological function and significantly reduce the cerebral infarction volume in mice with cerebral infarction. PMVs promoted proliferation of new vessels and increased blood vessel density at the infarction edge in mice with cerebral infarction. PMVs could increase the encapsulation rate of pericytes at the infarction edge and improve the permeability of blood-brain barrier in mice with cerebral infarction. PMVs could increase the cerebral cortical blood flow perfusion in mice with cerebral infarction. PMVs could increase proangiogenic factors in brain tissues in mice with cerebral infarction. PMVs could significantly improve the recovery of neurological function in mice with cerebral infarction, which i

关键词： Mild traumatic brain injury   intracranial pressure control therapy   neurosurgical operation   neurological outcome  

摘要： Purpose: Among mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI;a Glasgow Coma Scale score >= 13 on arrival), few result in severe neurological deficit, especially when they needed neurosurgical intervention. We investigated the association of intracranial pressure (ICP) control management with neurological outcome in patients with mTBI who needed neurosurgical intervention. Methods: From 1,092 records of the Japan Neurotrauma Data Bank during 2009-2011, we retrospectively identified 195 patients with neurosurgical intervention for mTBI. Using the Glasgow Outcome Scale, we grouped records into two: favorable and poor outcome. We analyzed neurological outcomes using a logistic regression analysis adjusted for ICP control managements. Results: Seventy patients had a poor outcome. Logistic regression analysis revealed that sedatives, hyperosmotic agents, and hyperventilation therapy were significantly associated with poor outcome (odds ratio [OR]: 2.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-4.26;OR: 2.81, 95% CI: 1.17-6.75;OR: 9.36, 95% CI: 1.81-48.35). However, temperature management was significantly related with favorable outcome (OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.10-0.66). Conclusions: Our study, using a Japanese multicenter brain trauma registry, suggested that requirement of sedatives, hyperosmotic agents, and hyperventilation is associated with poor neurological outcome for patients with mTBI who underwent neurosurgical intervention, although temperature management was associated with favorable neurological outcome.