关键词： Older drivers   road safety   self-perceptions   cognitive impairment   driver behavior   driving task demand   vehicle technology  

摘要： Objective: Considerable evidence indicates that medical conditions prevalent among older individuals lead to impairments in visual, cognitive, or psychomotor functions needed to drive safely. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors determining driving difficulties as seen from the viewpoint of 30 older drivers with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 30 age-matched controls without cognitive impairment. Methods: Perceptions of driving difficulties from both groups were examined using data from an extensive questionnaire. Samples of drivers diagnosed with MCI and age-matched controls were asked to report the frequency with which they experienced driving difficulties due to functional deficits and knowledge of new traffic rules and traffic signs. Results: The analysis revealed that 2 factors underlie MCI perceptions of driving difficulties, representing (1) difficulties associated with late detection combined with slowed response to relevant targets in the peripheral field of view and (2) difficulties associated with divided attention between tasks requiring switching from automatic to conscious processing particularly of long duration. The analysis for healthy controls revealed 3 factors representing (1) difficulties in estimating speed and distance of approaching vehicles in complex (attention-dividing) high-information-load conditions;(2) difficulties in moving head, neck, and feet;and (3) difficulties in switching from automatic responses to needing to use cognitive processing in new or unexpected situations. Conclusions: Though both group analyses show difficulties with switching from automatic to decision making, the difficulties are different. For the control group, the difficulty in switching involves switching in new or unexpected situations associated with high-information-load conditions, whereas this switching difficulty for the MCI group is associated with divided attention between easier tasks requiring switching. These findings underline th

关键词： Stroke   Intranasal   Linalool   Microglia   Anti-inflammation   Nrf2   Neurological recovery  

摘要： Stroke is the second cause of death and first cause of physical disability around the world;it affects the brain parenchyma through oxygen deficiency and spreads excitotoxicity. The complexity of the disease has made it difficult to find effective therapies. It is necessary to identify new treatments that effectively act within the narrow therapeutic window but also offer long-term protection poststroke. Our previous work found that oral linalool reversed the hippocampal and peripheral pro-inflammatory phospholipidomic biomarkers in ischemic rats;based on these observations, the "proof of concept" was to demonstrate that intranasal administration of linalool has a faster delivery to the central nervous system to protect it after focal ischemia in Wistar rats. The ischemic animals treated with linalool (25 mg/kg) showed a decrease in infarct volume at 24 h and seven days, and the treated animals had better neurological and motor skills at both poststroke times. Additionally, one month after daily intranasal administration of linalool, the ischemic rats showed improved relearning performance in the Morris water maze test. They also exhibited a reduction in microgliosis and decreased COX2, IL-1Beta and Nrf2 markers in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. In astrocyte and microglial cultures, linalool reduced pro-inflammation and had a potent effect on microglial cells, generating Nrf2 subcellular redistribution under glutamate excitotoxicity conditions. Together, our findings indicate an acute and chronic recovery after ischemia induced by a daily intranasal puff of linalool, which mainly acts on microglial populations with anti-inflammatory actions.

关键词： Neurological disorders   Stroke   Urban and rural population  

摘要： Background Neurological disorders are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Available evidence on urban-rural differences on neurological diseases is scare in such countries. Our study objective was to determine the prevalence of neurological diseases in urban and rural tertiary care hospitals of Sindh, Pakistan. Methods This was a cross sectional study conducted in selected urban and rural region of tertiary care hospitals of Sindh, Pakistan. The outpatients medical records of adults (18 years and above) was obtained from January 1st, 2014 to December 31st, 2014. Results A total of 10,786 outpatients visit were recorded in this period. Mean age of the participants was 40.6 +/- 15 years;majority was females 6104 (56.6%). About three-fourth of the patients were from rural hospital 7828 (72.6%). Common neurological diseases were headache disorders 3613 (33.4%), nerve and root lesion 2928 (27.1%), vascular diseases 1440 (13.3%), epilepsies 566 (5.2%), muscle disorders 424 (3.9%), psychiatric disorders 340 (3.1%) and CNS infection 303 (2.8%). Comparison between the urban and rural samples showed that ischaemic stroke (72.7% vs. 82%) and psychiatric disorders (2.1% vs. 3.5%) were more prevalent in rural area as compared to urban setting. Conclusion Stroke, headache and nerve and root lesion are major causes of neurological disorders in urban and rural settings of Sindh, Pakistan. The policy and planning must be focus on primary care, preventive measures and the promotion of health.

关键词： Bravecto   Fluralaner   Dog   Adverse drug reaction   Neurological toxicity   MDR1 mutation  

摘要： Background Although the new isoxazoline drug fluralaner (Bravecto (R)) is generally well tolerated in dogs, adverse drug reactions involving neurological dysfunction occurred in individual dogs. However, most of these cases are documented inadequately and none of them is reported and discussed in the literature. As isoxazoline drugs target neuronal chloride channels with a clear preference for invertebrates, they are considered to have a good safety profile. However, pharmacodynamic effects in the nervous system of vertebrates cannot be ruled out completely. Case presentation A seven-month-old female Kooikerhondje dog was treated with Bravecto (R) at the recommended dose. About 24 h after administration, the dog exhibited signs of neurological toxicity, including generalized ataxia, myoclonic jerks, tremor of head and body, muscle twitching and oral dysphagia. All symptoms were transient and the dog fully recovered without any treatment after 10 h. Conclusion This case report describes transient occurrence of neurological dysfunction after administration of Bravecto (R). It may help to better classify adverse drug reactions after application of isoxazoline drugs and documents a good prognosis even after occurrence of severe neurological dysfunction in the present case.

关键词： astrocytes   disease modeling   iPSC   induced pluripotent stem cells   glia   human neurological disorders  

摘要： Astrocytes play vital roles in neurological disorders. The use of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes provides a chance to explore the contributions of astrocytes in human diseases. Here we review human iPSC-based models for neurological disorders associated with human astrocytes and discuss the points of each model.

关键词： 神经病学   临床教学   自主学习   师生互动   微课   翻转课堂  

摘要： 神经病学是一门专业性很强的实践医学,教学内容涉及多个不同学科,其理论知识抽象难懂、解剖内容枯燥乏味,一直以来都是教学工作的难点。如何在教学中提高学生的积极性和学习能力,是在有限的课堂时间内最大程度地提高教学质量的关键。在当前互联网信息时代的背景下,基于微课的翻转课堂的教学模式有了充分发挥的空间。将“微课”与“翻转课堂”结合起来,运用到神经内科的临床教学中,提出了具体的教学方案,并对教学效果进行了评估、分析和总结。

关键词： 《中文核心期刊要目总览》   文献计量学   神经病学   医学杂志   研究人员   专家评审   精神病学   北京大学  

摘要： 《中华神经医学杂志》主编:我们谨此郑重通知:依据文献计量学的原理和方法,经研究人员对相关文献的检索、统计和分析,以及学科专家评审,贵刊《中华神经医学杂志》入编《中文核心期刊要目总览》2017年版(即第8版)之“神经病学与精神病学”类的核心期刊。该书由北京大学出版社出版。

摘要： 《国际神经病学神经外科学杂志》创刊于1 9 7 4年,由教育部主管,中南大学和中南大学湘雅医院主办。是目前国内唯一一本同时涵盖神经病学和神经外科学两个相联学科的专业学术期刊。本刊被收录为"中国科技核心期刊(中国科技论文统计源期刊)"。《国际神经病学神经外科学杂志》现主要栏目有论著、临床经验交流、疑难病例讨论、病例报道、专家论坛和综述等。杂志立足于国内神经病学、神经外科学领域的前沿研究,及时报道国内外神经科学领域最新的学术动态和信息。促进国内外学术的双向交流,为中国神经科学走向世界搭建新的平台。

关键词： 临床神经病学   杂志   稿约   学术刊物   医科大学   边缘学科   办刊宗旨   国家级  

摘要： 《临床神经病学杂志》系国家级神经病学专业性学术刊物,由南京医科大学附属脑科医院主办。刊登内容以临床神经病学为主,兼及有关边缘学科。读者对象以从事临床神经病学专业的高、中级人员为主,也可供内科、儿科、眼科、五官科医师参阅。本刊的办刊宗旨是:面向临床,面向基层,注重实用,鼎力于提高我国临床神经科医师的专业理论及诊疗水平。