关键词： Hydrogen   TBI   Neuron   Oxidative stress   Apoptosis  

摘要： Reactive oxygen species, inflammation, and apoptosis are major contributors to secondary injuries that follow traumatic brain injury (TBI) in diabetic patients. Hydrogen (H-2) can selectively neutralize reactive oxygen species and downregulate inflammatory and apoptotic factors. Therefore, we investigated the effects of inhaled high and low concentrations of hydrogen on neurological function after TB1 in diabetic rats and the potential mechanism. We found that the inhalation of high concentrations of H-2 significantly improved outcomes following TBI in diabetic rats. The inhalation of 42% H-2 for one hour per day for 48 h significantly reduced brain edema, decreased the extravasation of sodium fluorescein, and reduced oxidative stress markers (p < 0.05). In addition, the inhalation of a high concentration of H-2 (42% for one hour per day for 7 days) improved neurological deficits (p < 0.05) and reduced the expression of apoptotic protein markers (p < 0.05). However, the inhalation of 3% H-2 did not yield significant effects. These results showed that the inhalation of 42% H-2 can alleviate nerve damage and improve neurological function after TBI in diabetic rats. Therefore, the inhalation of a high concentration of H-2 may be associated with the treatment of traumatic brain injuries.

摘要： Literary scholars, cultural theorists, Americanists: steel yourselves to recognize, in these unmissable books by Ralph James Savarese and Melanie Yergeau, your lack of an important literacy. “Are you, dear reader,” ironizes autist professor Yergeau, channeling Jane Austen, “autistic or non-autistic? Can there ever really be any in-between?” Outside the autistic/nonautistic binary, autists (eschewing the objectivizing terminology of “autistic-as-modifier” [2]) work with “rhetorics of plasticity” to open onto “plastic futures” (133). Savarese, parent of autist poet and filmmaker DJ Savarese, shares with us his son’s pithy childhood indictment of the judgment of nonautists, a.k.a. free people, with regard to autists: “Free people treat my people, very smart people who type to communicate, as mindless.” As you read these monographs on the rich rhetorical and literary lives of autists, you may shudder to imagine yourself aligned with the skeptical Harvard experts who, as Stephen...

关键词： Cardiac arrest   Cardiopulmonary resuscitation   Biomarker   Serum tau   Outcome   Prognostication   Inflammation   Hypothermia  

摘要： Aim: We evaluated serum tau protein as biomarker for poor neurological outcome over an extended observation period in patients after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) treated with mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) or normothermia (NT). Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of a prospective observational study including 132 patients after successful CPR. Serum tau was determined in 24 h intervals for up to 168 h after CPR. Patients were treated with MTH targeting a temperature of 33 C for 24 h or NT according to current guidelines. Neurological outcome was assessed with the Cerebral Performance Categories Scale (CPC) at hospital discharge. Results: Forty-three percent of the patients were treated with MTH. Serial serum tau levels (pg/ml) showed a peak between 72-96 h after CPR (159 (IQR 27-625). Patients with poor neurological outcome (CPC 3-5) at hospital discharge (n = 68) had significantly higher serum tau levels compared to patients with good neurological outcome at 0-24 h (164 (48-946) vs. 69 (12-224);p = 0.009), at 24-48 h (414 (124-1049) vs. 74 (0-215);p 0.001), at 48-72 h (456 (94-1225) vs. 69 (0-215);p 0.001) and at 72-96 h (691 (197-1173) vs. 73 (0-170);p 0.001). At 72-96 h the AUC to predict poor neurological outcome was 0.848 (95% CI: 0.737-0.959). Serum tau levels were not significantly different between patients with MTH and NT in multivariate analysis after adjusting for clinical relevant covariates. Conclusion: Serum tau showed highest values and the best prognostic discrimination of poor neurological outcome at 72-96 h after CPR. Prolonged elevation may indicate ongoing axonal damage in patients with hypoxic encephalopathy.

关键词： 思政教育   神经病学   教学   社会主义核心价值观  

摘要： 探究思政教育应用于神经病学专业课程教学中的效果。方法:本研究选择2016级临床医学专业两个班级学生作为研究对象,一班给予常规神经病学教学(共110名学生,设置为参照组),二班在常规神经病学教学的基础上给予思政教育(共108名学生,设置为研究组),对比两组学生教学前后的社会主义核心价值观认知情况。结果:教学前,两组学生对社会主义核心价值观的认知程度军无显著差异(P>0.05)。教学后,研究组学生在爱国、敬业、诚信、友善四个维度的认知评分明显高于参照组(P<0.05)。结论:思政教育应用于神经病学专业课程教学中的效果较好,可将政治工作有效贯穿于神经病学教学中,有利于社会主义核心价值观的弘扬,提高学生的思想政治修养。

关键词： canine   CSF   neurolocalization   neurology  

摘要： Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis aids in categorizing underlying disease processes in patients with neurologic disease. Convention suggests that CSF should be collected caudal to the lesion. However, little evidence exists to justify this assertion. Hypothesis/Objectives Evaluate the clinicopathologic differences between CSF collected from the cerebellomedullary (CM) and lumbar cisterns in dogs presented for evaluation of neurologic disease. Animals Fifty-one client-owned dogs undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CSF collection for investigation of neurologic disease. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid was prospectively collected from the CM and lumbar cisterns in all patients. The total protein (TP) concentration, red blood cell (RBC) count, and total nucleated cell count (TNCC) were analyzed within 30 minutes of collection. Results and cytology findings were interpreted by a single pathologist. Results Fifty-one paired samples were collected. The TNCC (P < .001), RBC (P < .001), and TP (P < .001) were different between collection sites. When grouped by neurolocalization, TP (intracranial, P < .001;cervical, P < .001;thoracolumbar, P < .001) and RBC (intracranial, P < .001;cervical, P <= .002;thoracolumbar, P = .006) counts were significantly different. The TNCC was significantly different in the cervical (P = .04) and thoracolumbar localizations (P = .004) but not for intracranial (P = .30) localizations. The pathologist's interpretation differed between sites in 66.7% of the cases (34/51). Conclusions In dogs with lesions that neurolocalized to the brain or cervical spinal cord, there may be clinical benefit in collecting fluid from both the CM and lumbar cisterns. In dogs with thoracolumbar myelopathy, CSF collected from the CM cistern may not be representative of the underlying disease process.

摘要： Not only neurologists but, more importantly, general practitioners (GPs) and internists must be proficient in the clinical neurological examination and Bayesian decision-making process for diagnosis and management. The Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) in neurology at UG, PG, and DM level are another potential area for research in India to improve the validity and reliability of performance-based-assessment, wherein, examinees, rotate through a wide variety of standardized patients (SPs) or partial task trainers (PTTs). “Cross sectional concurrent nested mixed methods” studies have utilized data collection by an electronic communication tracker along with qualitative survey questionnaires.

摘要： The Editor-in Chief of Molecular Neurobiology has retracted this article [1] at the request of the corresponding author. This is because it significantly overlaps with their previous publication [2]. Both articles report the same results and as such this article is *** J. Lukiw, Maire E. Percy, and Zhide Fang agree to this *** *** and Yuhai Zhao do not agree to this retraction. Aileen I. Pogue, Nathan M. Sharfman, Vivian Jaber, and Wenhong Li have not responded to any correspondence from the editor/publisher about this retraction. Donald R. C. McLachlan, Catherine Bergeron, Peter N. Alexandrov, and Theodore P. A. Kruck are deceased.[1] McLachlan, D.R.C., Bergeron, C., Alexandrov, P.N. et al. Mol Neurobiol (2019) 56: 1531. https://***/10.1007/s12035-018-1441-x[2] McLachlan, D.R.C., Alexandrov, P.N., Walsh, W.J. et al. J Alzheimers Dis Parkinsonism (2018) 8(6): 457. https://***/10.4172/2161-0460.1000457.

关键词： Migraine   Brain injury   Vestibular migraine   Neurological symptom   Vestibular symptom   Havana   US diplomats  

摘要： Between 2016 and 2017, several U.S. Diplomats in Havana, Cuba, experienced perplexing vestibular and neurological symptoms attributed to an unknown source. They presented with significant vestibular and headache symptoms similar to individuals who experience vestibular migraine (VM). As such, we hypothesize that VM may be a possible explanation for the Havana cohorts presenting symptoms. To evaluate this hypothesis, we compared symptoms reported by the affected individuals in Havana, Cuba, to symptoms reported by corresponding patients from a tertiary academic neurotology clinic with a chief complaint of vertigo or disequilibrium, who met the International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria for VM. The prevalence of the Havana subjects experiencing various symptomatic domains was compared with the VM cohort, leading to 26 unique domains and statistical comparisons between the cohorts. Of the 26 domains compared between the two cohorts, 18 were not significantly different. This included the two most important components of meeting criteria for VM, namely the co-existence of headache and vestibular symptoms. On regression analysis, the only feature which kept its significant difference between the two cohorts was acute intense head pressure (P = 0.007). The domains with similar occurrence ratios included dizziness, headache, light sensitivity, hearing reduction, and tinnitus. In other words, multiple headache and vestibular symptoms, consistent with VM criteria, were similar between the two cohorts. The considerable similarities across various domains between VM patients and Havana subjects could be due to migraine as a possible common etiology for both groups. We propose VM as a potential etiology for the symptomatology in the U.S. diplomats in Cuba.

关键词： IVIg   Immunoblot   Antibody   Cell-based assay   Specificity  

摘要： Background Therapy of autoimmune diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system with intravenous IgG immunoglobulin (IVIg) is well established. Since IVIg is produced from pooled human plasma, autoantibodies can be found in IVIg products and, accordingly, in patient sera after transfusion. The de novo evidence or disappearance of anti-neural autoantibodies after IVIg treatment has so far not been systematically examined. Methods We screened 50 neurological patients before and after IVIg treatment for classical onconeural and the most common neurological surface autoantibodies as well as for ganglioside autoantibodies and 23 different antinuclear autoantibodies using immunoblot or cell-based indirect immunofluorescence assays. Furthermore, we screened 31 neurological patients with previously known seropositivity for disappearance of the corresponding antibody after treatment. Results After IVIg treatment, 90% of all sera were de novo positive for antinuclear antibodies, especially for Ro-52. In contrast, 94% of all sera did not show any de novo-positive anti-neural antibodies. In the remaining three cases, titers were very low. Importantly, 12.9% of all tested sera of patients with known antibody positivity turned false negative after IVIg treatment and titers were falsely low in 37% of the remaining sera. Conclusions Here, we present for the first time results of a broad screening for clinically relevant autoantibodies before and after IVIg treatment in neurological patients. We identified a high specificity but reduced sensitivity for anti-neural antibody testing after IVIg transfusion. In contrast, antinuclear antibody testing is not reliable after IVIg treatment. These results are of high practical importance for diagnostic of neuroimmunological diseases.

摘要： Neurological disorders are the leading cause of disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide. In the past 30 years, the absolute numbers of deaths and people with disabilities owing to neurological diseases have risen substantially, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries, and further increases are expected globally as a result of population growth and ageing. This rise in absolute numbers of people affected suggests that advances in prevention and management of major neurological disorders are not sufficiently effective to counter global demographic changes. Urgent measures to reduce this burden are therefore needed. Because resources for health care and research are already overstretched, priorities need to be set to guide policy makers, governments, and funding organisations to develop and implement action plans for prevention, health care, and research to tackle the growing challenge of neurological disorders.