关键词： Traveller   neurological complications   Plasmodium falciparum  

摘要： Highlight (<50 words). A 53 years-old Israeli, working in Liberia, received initial treatment for severe cerebral falciparum malaria and evacuated to Israel. Following regain of consciousness, and cessation of seizures, the patient developed chaotic ocular movements, consistent with opsoclonus, accompanied by myoclonus. This may represent a rare manifestation of Post Malaria Neurological Syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

摘要： Expanding use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) underscores the importance of accurate diagnosis and timely management of neurological immune-related adverse events (irAE-N). We evaluate the real-world frequency, phenotypes, co-occurring immune-related adverse events (irAEs), and long-term outcomes of severe, grade III to V irAE-N at a tertiary care center over 6?years. We analyze how our experience supports published literature and professional society guidelines. We also discuss these data with regard to common clinical scenarios, such as combination therapy, ICI rechallenge and risk of relapse of irAE-N, and corticosteroid taper, which are not specifically addressed by current guidelines and/or have limited data. Recommendations for management and future irAE-N reporting are outlined. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:659669

关键词： Cryptogenic   Patent foramen ovale   Ischemic stroke or cerebrovascular accident   Transient ischemic attack   Paradoxical embolism  

摘要： Background: Randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) reported a finding on the safety and efficacy of percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure to prevent stroke recurrence. It showed that the Amplatzer (AMP) device appears to be superior to medical therapy (MT) in preventing strokes and episodes of atrial fibrillation (AF), than other devices. We performed a network meta-analysis (NMA) to evaluate the closure of PFO in preventing subsequent neurological events while investigating the results obtained by specific devices. Methods: We searched 3 databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL/CCTR) and identified 6 RCTs until March 2019. We performed an NMA and used pooled ORs. Analyses were done in NetMetaXL1.6-WinBUGS1.4. Results: Six RCTs with 3,560 patients (mean age 45.2-46.2 years) were included in the present NMA. Depending on the device, 4 groups of patients were compared with MT: 1,889 patients undergoing PFO closure were significantly less likely to experience a stroke than 1,671 patients treated with MT (ORs 0.41;95% Cr.I. 0.27-0.60 with fixed-effects model and ORs 0.22;95% Cr.I. 0.05-0.70 with random-effects model). The patients with AMP showed a similar risk than those treated with Helex/Cardioform (HLX/CF) or with a group of 11 multiple devices. This suggests the equality between the 2 most currently used devices. When assessing TIA and, for the safety analysis, major bleeding, both models confirm no significant difference between any devices and MT. PFO closure increased the risk of new-onset AF: MT induces AF significantly less than all the devices. In favor of the AMP, there is a reduced number of cases of AF versus MT;however, no device superiority has been established in comparing HLX/CF and other devices in a random effect model. Conclusions: Our NMA provides evidence in favor of PFO closure with all the devices currently in use. We can conclude that these devices are better than MT, but not that 1 device is better than the rest in reducing stroke recurrence

关键词： Anterior column reconstruction   Corpectomy   Decompression   Short-segment posterior fixation   Thoracolumbar burst fracture  

摘要： Background: Thoracolumbar burst fractures (TLBFs) are the most common spinal trauma;however, their appropriate management has not yet been determined. In this study, we aimed to compare the clinical and radiological results of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF) following posterior decompression technique versus anterior corpectomy and fusion technique for the treatment of TLBFs. Methods: A total of 46 patients (2002-2015) with TLBFs were included in this study. The inclusion criteria were a single-level Magerl type A3 burst fracture of the thoracolumbar junctional spine (T12-L2). The patients were divided into two groups;Group A (22 patients) underwent anterior corpectomy and fusion, and Group B (24 patients) underwent PPSF after posterior decompression. Anterior corpectomy and fusion surgery were performed in 22 cases before April 2009, and PPSF following posterior decompression technique was used in 24 cases since then. For radiological assessment, the kyphosis angle was measured preoperatively, early postoperatively, and at the last follow-up using the Cobb angle. Mean correction of the Cobb angle after surgery, and loss of correction between the immediate postoperative and final Cobb angle were calculated accordingly. All neurological deficits were identified in the initial evaluation and graded using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grading system. Perioperative parameters including operation time, amount of blood loss, and mean hospital stay were also evaluated. Results: The patients comprised 17 males and 5 females in Group A and 13 males and 11 females in Group B. In terms of the involved levels, there were three cases of T12, twelve Ll , and seven L2 in Group A and one case of T12, thirteen Ll , and ten L2 in Group B. The mean follow-up duration was 44.9 months in Group A and 14.7 months in Group B. The kyphotic angle was significantly corrected after surgery by 6.4 degrees in Group A (p = 0.001) and 9.2 degrees in Group B (p < 0.001).

关键词： somatoform disorders   somatic symptom disorder   functional neurological disorder   medically unexplained symptoms   somatization   DSM-5   conversion disorder  

摘要： The article discusses the criticism of the book 'Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,' 5th ed., by the American Psychiatric Association for excluding medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). Topics mentioned include the reason for the deletion of MUS for nonneurological symptoms and signs, the differences between somatic symptom disorder specified in the book and the suggested somatoform disorders classification, and the role of brain functions in neuropsychiatric conditions.

关键词： Brain injury   Malondialdehyde   Interleukin-1 beta   Apoptosis   Protein carbonyl   Oxidative stress   Inflammation  

摘要： Since no definitive treatment has been suggested for diffuse traumatic brain injury (TBI), and also as the effect of exercise has been proven to be beneficial in neurodegenerative diseases, the effect of endurance exercise on the complications of TBI along with its possible neuroprotective mechanism was investigated in this study. Our objective was to find out whether previous endurance exercise influences brain edema and neurological outcome in TBI. We also assessed the probable mechanism of endurance exercise effect in TBI. Rats were randomly assigned into four groups of sham, TBI, exercise + sham and exercise + TBI. Endurance exercise was carried out before TBI. Brain edema was assessed by calculating the percentage of brain water content 24 h after the surgery. Neurological outcome was evaluated by obtaining veterinary coma scale (VCS) at - 1, 1, 4 and 24 h after the surgery. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl and histopathological changes were evaluated 24 h after the surgery. Previous exercise prevented the increase in brain water content, MDA level, histopathological edema and apoptosis following TBI. The reduction in VCS in exercise + TBI group was lower than that of TBI group. In addition, a decrease in the level of serum IL-1 beta and the content of brain protein carbonyl was reported in exercise + TBI group in comparison with the TBI group. We suggest that the previous endurance exercise prevents brain edema and improves neurological outcome following diffuse TBI, probably by reducing apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress.

关键词： Major depressive disorder   Subjective cognitive impairment   Mild cognitive impairment   Neurocognitive disorder   Neuropsychological testing   Neuroimaging   Psychotherapy   Antidepressants  

摘要： This article covers current research on the relationship between depression and cognitive impairment in older adults. First, it approaches the clinical assessment of late-life depression and comorbid cognitive impairment. Cognitive risk factors for suicide are discussed. Research is then provided on neuropsychological changes associated with depression, discussing subjective cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia profiles. In addition, literature regarding neuroimaging and biomarker findings in depressed older adults is presented. Finally, therapeutic models for treatment of late-life depression are discussed, including psychotherapy models, holistic treatments, pharmacologic approaches, and brain-stimulation therapies.

关键词： Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome   Neuroimaging   Malignant hypertension   Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis  

摘要： Keywords: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; Neuroimaging; Malignant hypertension; Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis EN Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome Neuroimaging Malignant hypertension Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis 65 67 3 04/11/20 20200501 NES 200501 This previously well 18-month old girl with no relevant family history was hospitalized with severe hypertension after an atypical presentation with polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss over a six-week period. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, Neuroimaging, Malignant hypertension, Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. [Extracted from the article]

摘要： Twenty-twenty will be remembered as the year that brought new and unprecedented challenges to the healthcare system worldwide due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Currently, one-third of the world population is living in a coronavirus “lockdown modus” as part of the world’s most massive and restrictive mass quarantine.

摘要： Background Neonatal caffeine treatment might affect brain development. Long-term studies show conflicting results on brain-related outcomes. Herein we aimed to investigate the long-term effects of neonatal caffeine administration in a rabbit model of preterm birth. Methods Preterm (born day 29) and term (day 32) pups were raised by wet nurses and allocated to treatment with saline or caffeine for 7 or 17 days. At pre-puberty, neurobehavioral tests were performed and brains were harvested for immunostaining of neurons, synapses, myelin, and astrocytes. Results Survival was lower in preterm saline pups than in controls, whereas caffeine-treated preterm pups did not differ from term control pups. Preterm saline pups covered less distance compared to controls and were more likely to stay in the peripheral zone of the open field. Corresponding differences were not seen in preterm caffeine pups. Preterm animals had lower neuron density compared to controls, which was not influenced by caffeine treatment. Synaptic density, astrocytes, and myelin were not different between groups. Conclusion Caffeine appeared to be safe. All preterm rabbits had lower neuron density but anxious behavior seen in preterm saline rabbits was not seen in caffeine-treated preterm pups.