关键词： Neurological post-acute rehabilitation   rehabilitation team   therapeutic professions   therapeutic nursing   team conference   ICF  

摘要： Background: Neurological early rehabilitation aims at regaining cooperativity and acquiring rehabilitation capability with brain-injured patients, most of whom are transferred from Intensive Care Units, most of whom still require intensive care and suffer from disorders of consciousness. In neurological early rehabilitation, therapeutic nursing is an integral part of the therapeutic team. Other than the specialized therapists, nurses are present on the ward 24/7, which gives them a closer perspective on the patient. The research question was how do nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists and speech therapists communicate and interact as teams in neurological rehabilitation wards. A literature review was conducted aiming at inter-professional communication and interaction with special regard to the role of these four professionals being the core team members in these settings. Methods: A literature search was conducted in the period from August to October 2016 within the following electronic Databases: Medline, CINAHL, PSYNDEX, SpeechBITE, PEDro und OTseeker. Further searches were undertaken in the reference lists of obtained studies to locate other relevant material. The aim was to gather and evaluate the evidence about inter-professional teamwork in neurological early rehabilitation. The main inclusion criterion was the presence of the following professionals as participants in the study: Nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists and speech therapists. Twenty-seven studies were found relevant, of which 17 (12 qualitative and five quantitative) bore empirical results that related to the research questions. These 17 studies were qualitatively analysed for the grade of evidence, methods and the relevance for the conditions and processes in rehabilitation units. Out of 17 studies, four were performed in neurological rehabilitation settings, five in stroke units, six in general rehabilitation, one in short-term care rehabilitation and one in geriatric

关键词： Rodent models   Lipids   Peptides and proteins   Central nervous system   Genetics  

摘要： PHARC (polyneuropathy, hearing loss, cerebellar ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, and cataract) is a human neurological disorder caused by deleterious mutations in the ABHD12 gene, which encodes an integral membrane lyso-phosphatidylserine (lysoPS) lipase. Pharmacological or genetic disruption of ABHD12 leads to higher levels of lyso-PS lipids in human cells and the central nervous system (CNS) of mice. ABHD12 loss also causes rapid rewiring of PS content, resulting in selective increases in the level of arachidonoyl (C20:4) PS and decreases in the levels of other PS species. The biochemical basis for ABHD12-dependent PS remodeling and its pathophysiological significance remain unknown. Here, we show that genetic deletion of the lysophospholipid acyltransferase LPCAT3 blocks accumulation of brain C20:4 PS in mice lacking ABHD12 and concurrently produces hyperincreases in the level of lyso-PS in these animals. These lipid changes correlate with exacerbated auditory dysfunction and brain microgliosis in mice lacking both ABHD12 and LPCAT3. Taken together, our findings reveal that ABHD12 and LPCAT3 coordinately regulate lyso-PS and C20:4 PS content in the CNS and point to lyso-PS lipids as the likely bioactive metabolites contributing to PHARC-related neuropathologies.

关键词： Functional neurology   Chiropractic techniques   Conservatism   Chiropractic students   Survey  

摘要： Background Chiropractic technique systems ('prescriptive' techniques) might be interpreted as helpful guidelines. However, 'prescriptive' techniques, such as Functional Neurology (FN), Sacro-Occipital Technique, and Applied Kinesiology are more concerned with the 'technical' diagnosis than the condition and its symptoms and, thus, seem to provide easy solutions. Design and objectives In a voluntary anonymous questionnaire survey carried out late 2017, we explored interest in 'prescriptive' techniques, particularly FN, among French chiropractic students in grades 3-6, and the possible link with chiropractic conservatism. We investigated their: i) attitudes to the use of 'prescriptive' techniques, ii) awareness of FN, and iii) attitudes to FN. Further, if their attitudes to some conservative chiropractic concepts influenced their clinical approach on iv) some 'prescriptive' chiropractic techniques and v) attitudes to FN. Method Data reported in tables illustrated the prevalence of the use of 'prescriptive' techniques, awareness of FN, and positive attitude to FN (i.e. interest in and acceptance of). Students were given a FN score based on five questions on their interest in and acceptance of FN (0 to 5), dichotomized into two groups: 'not positive attitude' (0 to 1) and 'positive attitude' (2 to 5). Chiropractic conservatism was graded from 1 to 4. Associations were tested between conservatism groups and i) interest in 'prescriptive' techniques and ii) FN attitudes groups. Results The response rate was 67% (N = 359), of which 90% were positive toward 'prescriptive' techniques. Only 10% had never heard about FN and in the 6th year all had heard about it. Only a minority, unrelated to the year of study, approved of the two examples given of FN concepts. Nevertheless, a majority were positive towards FN, more so in the higher grades. Students with the most conservative beliefs were 17 times more likely to want to use 'prescriptive' techniques and 11 times more likely to

关键词： 1-Aminoindan-2-ol   Antagonism   CNS   Enantiomerically pure lactams   NMDA receptor  

摘要： N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are crucial for the normal function of the central nervous system (CNS), and fundamental in memory and learning-related processes. The overactivation of these receptors is associated with numerous neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, NMDAR is considered a relevant therapeutic target for many CNS disorders. Herein, we report the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a new scaffold with antagonistic activity for NMDAR. Specifically, a chemical library of eighteen 1-aminoindan-2-ol tetracyclic lactams was synthesized and screened as NMDAR antagonists. The compounds were obtained by chiral pool synthesis using enantiomerically pure 1-aminoindan-2-ols as chiral inductors, and their stereochemistry was proven by X-ray crystallographic analysis of two target compounds. Most compounds reveal NMDAR antagonism, and eleven compounds display IC50 values in a Ca2+ entry-sensitive fluo-4 assay in the same order of magnitude of memantine, a clinically approved NMDAR antagonist. Docking studies suggest that the novel compounds can act as NMDAR channel blockers since there is a compatible conformation with MK-801 co-crystallized with NMDAR channel. In addition, we show that the tetracyclic 1-aminoindan-2-ol derivatives are brain permeable and non-toxic, and we identify promising hits for further optimization as modulators of the NMDAR function. (C) 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder   Aquaporin-4   Neurogenic stunned myocardium   Takotsubo cardiomyopathy   Medulla oblongata   Area postrema syndrome   Cardiac arrest  

摘要： • Area postrema syndrome might be the first manifestation of NMOSD. • Area postrema syndrome might lead to 'neurogenic stunned myocardium'. • NMOSD might have life-threatening cardiac complications. • Early initiation of immunotherapy significantly improves prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： Hemorrhagic stroke   Aryl hydrocarbon receptor   Microglia   Astrocyte   Neutrophil  

摘要： We examined the effects of compounds shown to activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling on a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Daily oral administration of laquinimod (25 mg/kg) or 3,3'-diindolylmethane (250 mg/kg) from 3 h after ICH induction improved motor functions, prevented the decrease of neurons within the hematoma, and attenuated activation of microglia/macrophages and astrocytes in the perihematomal region as well as infiltration of neutrophils into the hematoma. Elevated expression of AhR was detected in microglia and neutrophils, and both drugs inhibited upregulation of interleukin-6 and CXCL1. These results propose AhR as a therapeutic target for ICH.

关键词： 神经病学   精神和心理疾病患者   护理安全管理  

摘要： 随着医疗技术的发展,现代医疗活动变得越来越复杂,各种因素也在增加,患者在医院进行诊断,治疗和治疗时面临着某些不安全的风险。如何尽可能消除不安全因素的影响是现代护理管理者应认真考虑的重要问题。护理安全性是护理服务质量的重要指标,与患者的身心健康和生命安全息息相关。在此基础上,本文着重于精神和精神疾病神经精神病患者的护理安全管理。

关键词： Patient-centred care   self-report   surveys and questionnaires   psychometrics  

摘要： Purpose: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Patient Participation in Rehabilitation Questionnaire (PPRQ) in neurological rehabilitation using statistical methods taking the ordinal nature of data into account. Methods: A cross-sectional postal questionnaire study was conducted. In total, 522 patients from a neurological rehabilitation unit completed the 32-item version of the PPRQ. The PPRQ comprises five scales and assesses patients' experiences of participation in their rehabilitation. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to evaluate the factor structure according to the hypothetical five-scale model. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated by ordinal alpha, and test-retest reliability was evaluated by weighted kappa statistics and intraclass correlations (ICC). Results: After omitting 12 items, a 20-item version with the five hypothetical scales showed acceptable fit for the PPRQ (RMSEA = 0.067, CFI = 0.983, TLI = 0.979). For each scale, both internal consistency and test-retest reliability were good to excellent (ordinal alpha = 0.88-0.93, ICC = 0.83-0.90). Conclusions: The revised version of the PPRQ shows sound psychometric properties and is a potential questionnaire for the evaluation of patients' experiences of participation in neurological rehabilitation. The PPRQ can provide insight into central aspects that are crucial for the patients' participation, namely Respect and integrity, Planning and decision-making, Information and knowledge, Motivation and encouragement, and Involvement of family.

关键词： COVID-19   hACE2   SARS-CoV-2   encephalopathy   neuroinvasive property   therapeutic intervention  

摘要： The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which was identified after a recent outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has kept the whole world in tenterhooks due to its severe life-threatening nature of the infection. The virus is unlike its previous counterparts, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, or anything the world has encountered before both in terms of virulence and severity of the infection. If scientific reports relevant to the SARS-CoV-2 virus are noted, it can be seen that the virus owes much of its killer properties to its unique structure that has a stronger binding affinity with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) protein, which the viruses utilize as an entry point to gain accesses to its hosts. Recent reports suggest that it is not just the lung that the virus may be targeting;the human brain may soon emerge as the new abode of the virus. Already instances of patients with COVID-19 have been reported with mild (anosmia and ageusia) to severe (encephalopathy) neurological manifestations, and if that is so, then it gives us more reasons to be frightened of this killer virus. Keeping in mind that the situation does not worsen from here, immediate awareness and more thorough research regarding the neuroinvasive nature of the virus is the immediate need of the hour. Scientists globally also need to up their game to design more specific therapeutic strategies with the available information to counteract the pandemic. In this Viewpoint, we provide a brief outline of the currently known neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and discuss some probable ways to design therapeutic strategies to overcome the present global crisis.