摘要： The article focuses on the rise of shark-like predatory journals and conferences in psychiatry, neurology and neuroscience. It mentions that early-career clinicians and academics should beware of shark-like predatory journals and publishers; and also mentions that failure to avoid predatory journals and conferences may negatively impact clinicians/academics through association with the disreputable organisations.

关键词： Neurology   Pandemic   COVID19  

摘要： The June issue of Neurological Sciences is the second one reporting articles on COVID19 pandemic, describing different experiences with this new disorder that, starting in China and other Asiatic countries, on the last February very fast expanded into Italy, Spain, France, Germany, all Europe, USA, and in all the world.

关键词： White matter hyperintensities   Leukoaraiosis   Stroke   TIA   Migraine  

摘要： Purpose Hyperintensities are common in neuroimaging scans of patients with mild acute focal neurology. However, their pathogenic role and clinical significance is not well understood. We assessed whether there was an association between hyperintensity score with diagnostic category and clinical assessments/measures. Methods One hundred patients (51 +/- 12 years;45:55 women:men), with symptomatology suggestive of short duration ischemia referred for magnetic resonance imaging, were prospectively recruited in NHS Grampian between 2012 and 2014. Hyperintensities were quantified, on T-2 and FLAIR, using the Scheltens score. Results The most frequent diagnosis was minor stroke (33%), migraine (25%) and transient ischemic attack (17%). The mean total Scheltens score was 28.49 +/- 11.93 with all participants having various loads of hyperintensities. Statistically significant correlations between hyperintensity scores and clinical assessments/measures (age, systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, MoCA) at the global level were also reflected regionally. These provide further supporting data in terms of the robustness of the Scheltens scale. Conclusion Hyperintensities could serve as a diagnostic and prognostic imaging biomarker for patients, presenting with mild acute focal neurology, warranting application of automated quantification methods. However, larger cohorts are required to provide a definitive answer especially as this is a heterogenous group of patients.

关键词： COVID-19   SARS-CoV-2   CNS   Neurologic manifestations   Animal models   Guillain-Barre syndrome   Therapeutics  

摘要： A number of neurological disease complications have been seen following infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While most person with COVID-19 respiratory disease demonstrate headache, nausea and vomiting, up to 40% present also experience dizziness, confusion, cerebrovascular disease, muscle pain, ataxia and seizures. Loss of taste and smell, defects in visual acuity and pain occur in parallel. Such central nervous system (CNS) signs and symptoms linked to laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection is often life threatening. Health care providers currently evaluating patients with neurologic symptoms need consider COVID-19 in any differential diagnosis. These considerations will facilitate prompt testing, isolation and prevention of viral transmission speeding best clinical outcomes.

关键词： Spinal cord injury   Spine trauma   Magnetic resonance imaging   Outcomes   Neurological   Recovery  

摘要： Purpose Utility of MRI for predicting neurological outcomes in acute cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) is well established but its value in thoracolumbar (TL) SCI needs to be evaluated. Methods Seventy-six patients operated for acute TL spinal injuries between January 2014 and March 2016 were reviewed to obtain demographic details, neurology at admission and at the final follow-up. Patients were divided based on the neurology at presentation into group 1 (ASIA A), group 2 (ASIA B, C, D) and group 3 (normal neurology). Preoperative MRI and CT scans were evaluated to measure parameters like osseus canal compromise, spinal cord compression (SCC), spinal cord swelling, length of cord swelling (LOS), length of edema (LOE) and the presence of hemorrhage. The MRI parameters were compared between the groups for their predictive value of neurology on admission and at the final follow-up. Results Of the 38 patients in group 1, six patients recovered by 1 grade, nine patients recovered by 2 grades and there was no recovery in 23 (60.5%) patients. Among group 2 patients, nine (40.9%) out of 22 recovered to ASIA E neurology. On univariate analysis, SCC (P = 0.009), LOS (P = 0.021) and length of edema (P = 0.002) were associated with complete neurological deficit at presentation. However, on multivariate regression analysis only LOE was significant (P = 0.007) in predicting neurology at admission and at follow-up. Conclusion Greater the rostrocaudal LOE, worse is the neurology at presentation, and it is associated with poor neurological recovery at follow-up. Graphic abstract These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.

关键词： Intensive care unit treatment   Outcome   Subarachnoid hemorrhage   Transcranial Doppler sonography   Vasospasm  

摘要： Background Vasospasm, delayed ischemic neurologic deficit (DIND), and ischemic brain lesions after acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to analyze age cutoffs for vasospasm, DIND, and ischemic brain lesions after *** This study included 292 aneurysmal SAH patients from January 2005 to December 2015. Patients’ data were extracted from a prospective database with measurements of transcranial Doppler sonography. Any vasospasm was defined as a maximum mean flow velocity (MMFV) >120 cm/sec. Severe vasospasms were defined as at least 2 measurements of MMFVs >200 cm/sec or an increase of MMFV >50 cm/sec/24 hours over 2 consecutive days or a new neurologic deficit. All MMFVs >120 cm/sec in absence of severe vasospasm criteria were defined as mild vasospasm. Age-related cutoff values were calculated using receiver operating curve *** Any vasospasms occurred in 142 patients and thereof mild vasospasm in 86/142 (60.6%) patients and severe vasospasm in 56/142 patients (39.4%). Significantly higher incidences of any vasospasm (P = 0.005), severe vasospasm (P = 0.003), DIND (P = 0.031), and ischemic brain lesions (P = 0.04) were observed in patients aged <50 years. According to receiver operating curve analysis, the optimal age cutoff was 50 years for the presence of overall vasospasms, severe vasospasms, DIND, and ischemic brain lesions and 65 years for mild *** Higher incidences of any vasospasms, severe vasospasms, DIND, and ischemic brain lesions were observed in younger SAH patients.

关键词： clubfoot deformity   fetal MRI   fetal surgery   myelomeningocele   myeloschisis   obstetrical ultrasound   spina bifida   talipes  

摘要： Objective To determine whether the presence of a myelomeningocele (MMC) sac and sac size correlate with compromised lower-extremity function in fetuses with open spinal dysraphism. Methods A radiology database search was performed to identify cases of MMC and myeloschisis (MS) diagnosed prenatally in a single center from 2013 to 2017. All cases were evaluated between 18 and 25weeks. Ultrasound reports were reviewed for talipes and impaired lower-extremity motion. In MMC cases, sac volume was calculated from ultrasound measurements. Magnetic resonance imaging reports were reviewed for hindbrain herniation. The association of presence of a MMC sac and sac size with talipes and impaired lower-extremity motion was assessed. Post-hoc analysis of data from the multicenter Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS) randomized controlled trial was performed to confirm the study findings. Results In total, 283MMC and 121 MS cases were identified. MMC was associated with a lower incidence of hindbrain herniation than was MS (80.9% vs 100%;P<0.001). Compared with MS cases, MMC cases with hindbrain herniation had a higher rate of talipes (28.4% vs 16.5%, P=0.02) and of talipes or lower-extremity impairment (34.9% vs 19.0%, P=0.002). Although there was a higher rate of impaired lower-extremity motion alone in MMC cases with hindbrain herniation than in MS cases, the difference was not statistically significant (6.6% vs 2.5%;P=0.13). Among MMC cases with hindbrain herniation, mean sac volume was higher in those associated with talipes compared with those without talipes (4.7 +/- 4.2 vs 3.0 +/- 2.6mL;P=0.002). Review of the MOMS data demonstrated similar findings;cases with a sac on baseline imaging had a higher incidence of talipes than did those without a sac (28.2% vs 7.5%;P=0.007). Conclusions In fetuses with open spinal dysraphism, the presence of a MMC sac was associated with fetal talipes, and this effect was correlated with sac size. The presence of a larger sac in fetuse