关键词： Novel coronavirus   Nervous system   Neurological symptoms   Neuroinvasion  

摘要： Novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2: SARS-CoV-2) has a high homology with other cousin of coronaviruses such as SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS). After outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 in China, it has spread so fast around the world. The main complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is respiratory failure, but several patients have also been admitted to the hospital with neurological symptoms. Direct invasion, hematogenic rout, retrograde and anterograde transport along peripheral nerves are considered as main neuroinvasion mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2. In the present study, we describe the possible routes for entering of SARS-CoV-2 into the nervous system. Then, the neurological manifestations of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) are reviewed. Furthermore, the neuropathology of the virus and its impacts on other neurological disorders are discussed.

关键词： Cerebrovascular disorders   Neurodegenerative diseases  

摘要： Carboxy-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) functions both as a molecular co-chaperone and ubiquitin E3 ligase playing a critical role in modulating the degradation of numerous chaperone-bound proteins. To date, it has been implicated in the regulation of numerous biological functions, including misfolded-protein refolding, autophagy, immunity, and necroptosis. Moreover, the ubiquitous expression of CHIP in the central nervous system suggests that it may be implicated in a wide range of functions in neurological diseases. Several recent studies of our laboratory and other groups have highlighted the beneficial role of CHIP in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases. The objective of this review is to discuss the possible molecular mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases in which CHIP has a pivotal role, such as stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and polyglutamine diseases;furthermore, CHIP mutations could also cause neurodegenerative diseases. Based on the available literature, CHIP overexpression could serve as a promising therapeutic target for several neurological diseases.

关键词： Alternating hemiplegia of childhood   Non-paroxysmal disability index   GMFCS  

摘要： Background Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood (AHC) is caused by mutations of the ATP1A3 gene which is expressed in brain areas that include structures controling autonomic, gastrointestinal, gut motility and GABAergic functions. We aimed to investigate, in a cohort of 44 consecutive AHC patients, two hypotheses: 1) AHC patients frequently manifest gastrointestinal, particularly motility, problems. 2) These problems are often severe and their severity correlates with neurological impairments. Results 41/44 (93%) exhibited gastrointestinal symptoms requiring medical attention. For these 41 patients, symptoms included constipation (66%), swallowing problems (63%), vomiting (63%), anorexia (46%), diarrhea (44%), nausea (37%), and abdominal pain (22%). Symptoms indicative of dysmotility occurred in 33 (80%). The most common diagnoses were oropharyngeal dysphagia (63%) and gastroesophageal reflux (63%). 16 (39%) required gastrostomy and two fundoplication. Severity of gastrointestinal symptoms correlated with non-paroxysmal neurological disability index, Gross Motor Function Classification System scores, and with the presence/absence of non-gastrointestinal autonomic dysfunction (p = 0.031, 0.043, Spearman correlations and 0.0166 Cramer's V, respectively) but not with the paroxysmal disability index (p = 0.408). Conclusions Most AHC patients have gastrointestinal problems. These are usually severe, most commonly are indicative of dysmotility, often require surgical therapies, and their severity correlates with that of non-paroxysmal CNS manifestations. Our findings should help in management-anticipatory guidance of AHC patients. Furthermore, they are consistent with current understandings of the pathophysiology of AHC and of gastrointestinal dysmotility, both of which involve autonomic and GABAergic dysfunction.

关键词： Acute ischemic stroke   Asymmetrical prominent cortical vein sign   Intracranial arterial stenosis or occlusion   Susceptibility-weighted imaging   Hypoperfusion   Early neurological deterioration  

摘要： Background Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) provides an approximate assessment of tissue perfusion and shows prominent hypointense cortical veins in the ischemic territory because of the increased concentration of deoxyhemoglobin. We aimed to evaluate whether asymmetrical prominent cortical vein sign (APCVS) on SWI can predict early neurological deterioration (END) in acute ischemic stroke patients with severe intracranial arterial stenosis or occlusion (SIASO). Methods One hundred and nine acute ischemic stroke patients with SIASO who underwent SWI were retrospectively recruited. END was defined as an increase in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >= 2 points despite standard treatment in the first 72 h after admission. The APCVS was defined as more and/or large vessels with greater signal loss than those in the opposite hemisphere on SWI. Results Thirty out of the 109 (27.5%) patients developed END. Sixty (55.0%) patients presented with APCVS on SWI. APCVS occurred in 24 (80%) patients with END, whereas it only occurred in 36 (45.6%) patients without END (P = 0.001). Patients with APCVS were more likely to have END (40.0%, vs. 12.2%,P = 0.001) than those without END. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that APCVS (OR = 4.349, 95% C.I. = 1.580-11.970,P = 0.004) was a significant predictor of END in acute ischemic stroke patients with SIASO, adjusted for previous stroke history and acute infarct volume. Conclusions In acute ischemic stroke patients with SIASO, the APCVS might be a useful neuroimaging marker for predicting END, which suggests the importance of evaluation of perfusion status.

关键词： 以问题为基础的学习   医学教育   神经病学   问卷调查  

摘要： 目的编制神经病学课程PBL教学质量评估问卷,并进行信度、效度检验。方法参考文献报道的评价体系框架,针对神经病学课程特点,设计PBL教学质量评估问卷。以参与神经病学课程PB L的临床医学生为对象,实施问卷调查;检验问卷重测信度与内部一致性信度;使用相关分析和探索性因子分析来评估问卷效度。结果编制的神经病学课程PBL教学质量评估问卷包含“教案质量评估”“教学方式评估”“教学质量评估”3个一级指标,共包含6个二级指标、25个三级指标。问卷相关系数p=0.990(P<0.01),表明重测信度良好;克龙巴赫α系数为0.901,达到内部一致性信度要求;内容效度相关系数为0.307~0.7(P<0.05),表明每个三级指标均与总分项有显著相关性,问卷项设计良好;使用3个一级指标做公因子进行探索性因子分析,评估结构效度且提示问卷优化方向。结论该问卷具有良好的信度和效度,可作为科学评价神经病学PBL教学效果的工具,也为未来进一步研究提供了优化方向。

关键词： 神经科医生   神经系统疾病   健康促进   神经病学   基础应用研究   诊断和治疗   申请  

摘要： 为进一步推动我国神经病学临床与基础应用研究,提高神经系统疾病诊断和治疗水平,造福广大神经系统疾病患者,由中国健康促进基金会发起、卫材(中国)药业有限公司捐助的“神经病学青年创新基金项目”于2020年6月正式启动。欢迎广大神经科医生申请。

关键词： Aging   Human health   Human genetics   CLEC3B   APOE  

摘要： A number of efforts are underway to better understand the role of genetic variation in successful aging and longevity. However, to date, only two genes have been consistently associated with longevity in humans: APOE and FOXO3, with the APOE epsilon 2 allele also protective against dementia. Recently, using an exome-wide SNP array approach, a missense variant CLEC3B c.316G>A (rs13963 p.S106G) was reported to associate with longevity in two independent cohorts of Japanese and Chinese participants. Interestingly, CLEC3B p.S106G is more frequent in Caucasian populations. Herein, we examined the frequency of CLEC3B p.S106G in a Caucasian series of 1,483 neurologically healthy individuals with a specific subset >80 years of age. Although our findings do not support an association between CLEC3B p.S106G and aging without neurological disease (p = .89), we confirmed the association between the APOE epsilon 2 allele and better survival without neurological disease (p = .001). Further assessment of healthy aged cohorts that retain intact neurological function will be critical to understand the etiology of neurodegenerative disease and the role of age at risk.

关键词： 脑血管病   神经病学   技术人才  

摘要： 专业技术人才是现代医院竞争力的核心,首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院依托脑血管病重点学科的建设,建立了科学的专业技术人才引进策略。在结合引进人才需求、创建良好的吸引人才环境、加强引进人才评估和管理、加强教育培训、做好自由人才储备等方面都进行了有益的探索。2015-2019年期间,随着脑血管病专业人才的引进和储备,首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院完成的脑血管病课题数量逐年稳步上升,其中,国家级课题逐年升高的趋势最为显著,科研的产出也逐年增加,2017年、2018年和2019年发表SCI文章数量分别为67篇、72篇和82篇,总的影响因子分别为274.712分、337.753分和398.195分,国际影响力也有显著的提升。

关键词： 神经精神疾病   全国性学术会议   精神病学   神经内科   精神科   神经病学   被引频次   神经外科  

摘要： 由国家教育部主管、中山大学主办的《中国神经精神疾病杂志》创刊于1975年,是国内神经病学、精神病学领域内具有重要影响力的专业学术性核心期刊,被引频次及影响因子居临床医学期刊前列。我刊主要报道我国神经内科、神经外科、精神科临床和基础研究的新成果,介绍相关领域研究的新进展,推广先进的诊疗技术,组织专题学术讨论和召开全国性学术会议。