关键词： COVID-19   Sars-CoV-2   Hospital infections   Stroke unit   Neurology unit  

摘要： Objective: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are frequent complications among acute patients hospitalized in neurological units, especially among those hospitalized for stroke. This study aimed to investigate if enhanced hygienic measures, including the systematic use of personal protective equipment (PPE), determined a decrease in HAI during the recent COVID-19 outbreak in "COVID-free" neurological units. Methods: Patients hospitalized in neurology and stroke units of Policlinico Umberto I Hospital in Rome from March 8, 2020 and discharged prior to May 31, 2020 were included in the study and compared with patients hospitalized during the same period in 2019. Results: A total of 319 patients were included in the study (n = 103 in 2020, n = 216 in 2019). Among patients hospitalized in 2019, the incidence of HAIs was 31.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25-0.38), compared with 23.3% (95% CI: 0.15-0.32) in 2020 (p = 0.12). Multivariable logistic regression showed that hospitalization during 2020 was independently associated with a lower risk of HAIs (odds ratio: 0.34, 95% CI:0.16-0.71, p = 0.004). Poisson regression models showed that hospitalization during 2020 was also independently associated with both a lower number of HAIs (relative risk [RR]: 0.56, 95% CI:0.38-0.81, p = 0.01) and a lower number of prescribed antibiotics per patient (RR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.49-0.87, p = 0.02). Conclusion: Our study design provides evidence regarding the impact of stricter hygienic measures, such as increased PPE use, on HAIs. Larger studies are needed to support the extension of preventive measures even after the COVID-19 outbreak in order to limit the occurrence of HAIs.

关键词： COVID-19   Meningoencephalitis   Multisystem inflammation syndrome in children   Kawasaki disease   Intravenous immunoglobulin  

关键词： COVID-19   Research  

关键词： adhesion GPCR   GPR56/ADGRG1   collagen III   Tissue transglutaminase   Cell signaling   Bilateral bifrontoparietal polymicrogyria   Glioblastoma  

摘要： GPR56/ADGRG1 is a member of the adhesion G-protein coupled receptor (aGPCR) family and one of the important players in the normal development of the brain. It plays a pivotal role in the diverse neurobiological processes, including cortical formation, oligodendrocyte development, and myelination. Mutations in GPR56 are known to cause brain malformation, myelination defects and are also implied in many cancers, including brain tumors. Since its identification almost two decades ago, GPR56 has emerged from an orphaned and uncharacterized GPCR to an increasingly well studied receptor. Yet, much needs to be understood about GPR56, both in terms of its molecular interactions and biological functions that may be relevant in normal health and disease. The review is focussed on the recent available knowledge of GPR56, which would give useful insights into its known and potential roles in the human brain, neurological disorders, and brain tumors like glioblastoma.

关键词： Resveratrol   Nasal drug delivery   Nanomedicines   Nanocarriers   Blood brain barrier   Brain  

摘要： Neurological disorders have been growing in recent years and are highly prevalent globally. Resveratrol (RES) is a natural product from plant sources such as grape skins. This compound has shown biological activity in many diseases, in particular, those that act on the central nervous system. The mechanism of action and the key points in neurological disorders were described and show the targeted mechanism of action. Due to the insolubility of this compound;the use of nanotechnology-based systems has been proposed for the incorporation of RES and RES-loaded nanocarriers have been designed for intranasal administration, oral or parenteral routes to deliver it to the brain. In general, these nanosystems have shown to be effective in many studies, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic assays, as well as some cell studies. The outcomes show that RES has been reported in human clinical trials for some neurological diseases, although no studies were performed in humans using nanocarriers, animal and/or cellular models have been reported to show good results regarding therapeutics on neurological diseases. Thus, the use of this nutraceutical has shown true for neurological diseases and its loading into nanocarriers displaying good results on the stability, delivery and targeting to the brain.

关键词： COVID-19   Neurological manifestations   Coronavirus   SARS-CoV-2   Pandemic  

摘要： Purpose: To describe the spectrum of COVID-19 neurology in Singapore. Method: We prospectively studied all microbiologically-confirmed COVID-19 patients in Singapore, who were referred for any neurological complaint within three months of COVID-19 onset. Neurological diagnoses and relationship to COVID-19 was made by consensus guided by contemporaneous literature, refined using recent case definitions. Results: 47,572 patients (median age 34 years, 98% males) were diagnosed with COVID-19 in Singapore between 19 March to 19 July 2020. We identified 90 patients (median age 38, 98.9% males) with neurological disorders;39 with varying certainty of relationship to COVID-19 categorised as: i) Central nervous system syndromes-4 acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and encephalitis, ii) Cerebrovascular disorders-19 acute ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack (AIS/TIA), 4 cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), 2 intracerebral haemorrhage, iii) Peripheral nervous system-7 mono/polyneuropathies, and a novel group, iv) Autonomic nervous system-4 limited dysautonomic syndromes. Fifty-one other patients had pre/co-existent neurological conditions unrelated to COVID-19. Encephalitis/ADEM is delayed, occurring in critical COVID-19, while CVT and dysautonomia occurred relatively early, and largely in mild infections. AIS/TIA was variable in onset, occurring in patients with differing COVID-19 severity;remarkably 63.2% were asymptomatic. CVT was more frequent than expected and occurred in mild/asymptomatic patients. There were no neurological complications in all 81 paediatric COVID-19 cases. Conclusion: COVID-19 neurology has a wide spectrum of dysimmune-thrombotic disorders. We encountered relatively few neurological complications, probably because our outbreak involved largely young men with mild/asymptomatic COVID-19. It is also widely perceived that the pandemic did not unduly affect the Singapore healthcare system.

关键词： 学科带头人   重庆医科大学   神经病学   中山装   人生  

摘要： "名利附加在身上的光环,遮盖生命原本的色彩。唯有淡,才是人生最本真的颜色。"这句话,蔡方成一生践行。作为重庆医科大学教授、重庆医科大学附属儿童医院神经学科带头人,这位老人已81岁。个头高大、面带微笑、爱穿蓝色中山装,博学、严谨,这是蔡方成给人的印象。

关键词： 教育   医学人文   临床实践   神经病学   教学   有效性   研究  

摘要： 目的探讨医学人文融入神经病学临床实践教学方法的有效性。方法选择106名于锦州医科大学附属第三医院神经内科见习的医学生,随机分为实验组与对照组;实验组采取融入医学人文的新的教学方法,对照组采取传统的教学方法,教学结束后通过问卷调查实验组医学生对新方法的评价,对2组医学生考核总成绩及人文成绩进行统计学比较。结果实验组考核总成绩和人文成绩均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义,P<0.05。新临床实践教学方法受到了多数学生的认可。结论融入医学人文的新的神经病学临床实践教学方法受到了医学生的广泛好评,能够提高医学生的临床实践能力及人文素养。

关键词： Interprofessional education   evaluation research   health and social care   teamwork   neurological disorders   interprofessional collaboration  

摘要： There is a growing necessity for healthcare professionals to collaborate across disciplines in order to adequately treat patients. Interprofessional education (IPE) is one strategy that can be used to strengthen student attitudes, skill mastery, and preparedness toward working in interprofessional teams prior to joining the healthcare workforce. The current study evaluated the effects of a four-session IPE training program for students from four New England universities across nine different health professions. Participants (N = 46) were placed into teams to create an assessment plan, evaluated their patient volunteer, developed a treatment plan, and presented treatment plan decisions to the group. Students reported attitudes, skills and readiness to work on interprofessional teams before and after the training;additionally, students completed a free-response posttest questionnaire. Paired samples t-tests, repeated measures ANCOVA, and thematic analysis were conducted to analyze the data. Results showed that following program completion, participants expressed more positive attitudes toward team collaboration and demonstrated higher skill mastery to function within healthcare teams. The presence of prior IPE experience did not positively or negatively influence changes in attitudes, skills, or readiness from pretest to posttest. Results suggest that this IPE program demonstrated preliminary feasibility and effectiveness by actively improving the attitudes and skills of healthcare students to engage in interprofessional teamwork.