关键词： Metals  

摘要： Understanding the biological process involving metals and biomolecules in the brain is essential for establishing the origin of neurological disorders, such as neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. From this perspective, this critical review presents recent advances in this topic, showing possible mechanisms involving the disruption of metal homeostasis and the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. We also discuss the main challenges observed in metallomics studies associated with neurological disorders, including those related to sample preparation and analyte quantification. Significance to metallomics Neurological disorders are pathological conditions in which the brain's biochemistry is affected, causing cell dysfunction and deficiencies. There is accumulated evidence that altered metal homeostasis may be related to the emergence and progression of neurological diseases. Therefore, examining the effects of metal ion binding on the aggregation pathways and dysregulation of metal homeostasis remains essential for understanding neurological disorders, such as neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Then, this work presents a critical review of the advances in this topic, highlighting the fundamental role of metallomics strategies for these advances.

关键词： 杂志发行   财务部门   稿酬   临床神经病学   汇款   通知   查收   邮局  

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关键词： acute ischaemic stroke   endovascular therapy   interventional neurology   mechanical thrombectomy   neurointerventionist   training  

摘要： Background and purpose: Endovascular therapy (EVT) has become standard care for acute ischaemic stroke caused by large-vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation. However, access to this treatment in Europe remains poor. The lack of operators is a contributing factor and there is on-going discussion as to whether other specialists, including neurologists, could contribute to the EVT workforce. The question remains whether the next generation of neurologistswantto become 'interventional neurologists'. The aim of this study was to address this question. Methods: We conducted a short survey within the National Representatives Network (a division of the Resident and Research Fellow Section, European Academy of Neurology) in order to determine the interest of future neurologists in performing EVT. Results: A total of 1218 responses from 27 European countries were received, with some variation in the number of respondents and results among individual countries. In total, 568 neurology trainees (47%) stated that they would want to be an 'interventional neurologist'. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that neurologists could make a significant contribution to the workforce performing EVT and have important implications for the development and uptake of training programmes in Europe.

关键词： Varicella   Meningoencephalitis   Systemic lupus erythematosus   Immunocompromised   Herpes zoster  

关键词： Anelloviridae   Torque teno virus   MicroRNA expression   Cerebrospinal fluid   Central nervous system  

摘要： Background: Torque teno virus (TTV) is a widespread anellovirus that establishes persistent infections in humans and represents the most abundant component of the human virome. TTV encodes microRNAs (miRNA) which are found both in viremic and not viremic subjects being potentially ideal tools for the virus to evade the immune system response and to maintain chronic infection in the host. Objective: To investigate TTV-DNA loads and TTV-miRNAs expression in cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from subjects under analysis for the assessment of neurological diseases. Study design: Detection of TTV-DNA and TTV-miRNAs (e. g. miRNA t1a, t3b, and tth8) were carried out from CSF samples of 93 subjects with neurological diseases by using universal real-time PCR, real-time RT-PCR, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) analyses. Results: TTV-DNA was detected in 11 of 93 (12 %) CSFs with a mean TTV load of 155 copies/mL. Conversely, 29 CSF samples (31 %) were positive for at least one TTV-miRNA, while 15 (16 %) CSFs contained all the TTVmiRNAs examined. Overall, TTV-miRNA tth8 was detected in 62 % of samples, followed by TTV miRNA t3b (56 %), and t1a (29 %). Interestingly, TTV-miRNAs were found in CSF samples that were negative for the presence of TTV-DNA. Next-generation sequencing analysis carried out from 4 TTV-DNA negative CSF samples detected reads mapped in TTV-miRNA sequences region. Conclusions: These results shed novel light on the relationship between TTV and the central nervous system and make compelling furthered studies for investigating the potential role of TTV-miRNAs in neurological disorders.

关键词： Cutaneous trunci   myelopathy   neuromuscular   panniculus reflex  

摘要： Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the cutaneous trunci reflex (CTR) in a population of neurologically abnormal cats in regard to age, body condition score (BCS), sex, breed, evidence of traumatic injury, pain, known metabolic disease, mentation, neurolocalization and diagnostic classification. Methods A retrospective medical record review was performed to identify cats with a history of neurologic disease undergoing a complete neurologic assessment between 24 September 2012 and 20 March 2019. CTR outcome (present, absent), signalment, evidence of traumatic injury, pain, known metabolic disease, mentation, neurolocalization and diagnostic classification were recorded. Results A total of 182 cats were identified. The CTR was present in 118 cats (64.8%) and absent in 64 cats (35.2%). Statistical analysis revealed no association between CTR outcome and age, BCS, sex, breed, evidence of traumatic injury, non-spinal pain, known metabolic disease, mentation, neurolocalization or diagnostic classification. A significant association was found between spinal pain and CTR outcome (P = 0.037). Conclusions and relevance These findings suggest that elicitation of the CTR in the cat can be unreliable. Further prospective controlled studies are warranted to determine whether continued inclusion of the CTR in feline neurologic examinations is justified. Consideration of the reliability of the CTR is indicated, particularly in the context of fractious or anxious patients for which only a limited window for examination may be present.

关键词： antiepileptic drugs   atrial fibrillation   DOACs   ESC guidelines   post-stroke epilepsy