关键词： 办刊宗旨   中国医师协会   神经疾病   神经解剖学   普及与提高   神经病学   专业期刊   神经内外科  

摘要： 《中国现代神经疾病杂志》为国家卫生健康委员会主管、中国医师协会主办的神经病学类专业期刊。办刊宗旨为:理论与实践相结合、普及与提高相结合,充分反映我国神经内外科临床科研工作重大进展,促进国内外学术交流。所设栏目包括述评、专论、论著、临床病理报告、应用神经解剖学、神经影像学、循证神经病学、流行病学调查研究、基础研究、临床研究、综述、临床医学图像、病例报告、临床病理(例)讨论、新技术新方法等。

关键词： 神经病学   单病种教学查房   教学法   住院医师规范化培训   临床思维   讨论式教学  

摘要： 基于CBL的单病种教学查房,是一种小组讨论式教学,其核心是以病例为先导,以问题为基础,以学生为主体,以教师为主导。结合真实病例,不仅能使进行住院医师规范化培训(以下简称“规培”)的医师快速熟悉临床工作程序,还能通过带教老师与规培医师间、小组内各规培医师间的交流讨论,不断修正诊治过程中的临床思维,能促进不同层次水平规培住院医师的临床思维能力的提升,从而极大地提高规培住院医师对神经内科疾病的临床诊治水平。

关键词： 神经系统结构   医学教育   神经病学   脑血管病   帕金森病   临床教学   三维结构   理论与实践相结合  

摘要： 随着人口老龄化的到来,中国人患脑血管病、痴呆、帕金森病等神经病学疾病的发病率也在逐年升高。临床教学是医学教育中理论与实践相结合的重要阶段,作为临床医学重要分支的神经病学更是重中之重,其专业性强,神经系统结构较小,肉眼分别不清,影像学也难以完全显示真实三维结构[1]。

关键词： 精神病学   文献计量学   神经病学   中国脑血管病   核心期刊   专家评审   通知   原理和方法  

摘要： 《中国脑血管病杂志》主编:我们谨此郑重通知:依据文献计量学的原理和方法,经研究人员对相关文献的检索、统计和分析,以及学科专家评审,贵刊《中国脑血管病杂志》入编《中文核心期刊要目总览》2017年版(即第8版)之“神经病学与精神病学”类的核心期刊。

摘要： Plain Language Summary Nerve cell death, oxidative stress, and inflammation of the brain are the most common pathological processes of many neurological diseases. These processes are mediated through changes in glial cells, the supporting cells in the brain, via several molecular pathways. Some of these pathways are potential drug targets for the mitigation of brain pathology. In this review, we focus on pathways involving Src family kinases, inducible nitric oxide synthase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, and their inhibitors, which are promising agents for modifying neurological diseases. Neurological diseases share common neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. Both phenotypic and molecular changes in microglia, astrocytes, and neurons contribute to the progression of disease and present potential targets for disease modification. Src family kinases (SFKs) are present in both neurons and glial cells and are upregulated following neurological insults in both human and animal models. In neurons, SFKs interact with post-synaptic protein domains to mediate hyperexcitability and neurotoxicity. SFKs are upstream of signaling cascades that lead to the modulation of neurotransmitter receptors and the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as producers of free radicals through the activation of glia. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS-II) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2), the major mediators of reactive nitrogen/oxygen species (RNS/ROS) production in the brain, are also upregulated along with the pro-inflammatory cytokines following neurological insult and contribute to disease progression. Persistent neuronal hyperexcitability, RNS/ROS, and cytokines can exacerbate neurodegeneration, a common pathognomonic feature of the most prevalent neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. Using a wide variety of preclinical disease models, inhibit

关键词： Epilepsy   Children   Behavioral problems   Emotional problems   Kenya  

摘要： Introduction: Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, with a lifetime prevalence of 1% in children. Research has shown a high prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in children with epilepsy. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in children with epilepsy attending the pediatric neurology clinic in a referral hospital in Kenya and examine associated sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Children with epilepsy aged between 6 and 12 years attending the Kenyatta National Hospital pediatric neurology clinic were recruited. Inclusion criteria for the study were children diagnosed with epilepsy, age between 6 and 12 years, accompanied by a primary caregiver, and the primary caregiver being willing to participate in the study. A sociodemographic questionnaire as well as the Child Behavior Checklist school-age version (CBCL/6-18) was administered to the caregiver accompanying the child. Results: One hundred and seventy-seven children with epilepsy were recruited (66% males) with a mean age of 8.9 (standard deviation (SD): 2) years. The mean age at onset of seizures was 4.5 years;48% of the children had first seizure while aged less than 2 years, 76% reported generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and 58% were on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The overall prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems was 46%, and the four leading symptom clusters were attention problems, aggressive behavior, social problems, and withdrawal/depression. The risk of emotional and behavioral problems was increased in children using more than one AED (odds ratio (OR) = 2.21, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18-4.14) and those aged ten years and above (OR = 2.7, 95% CI, 1.3-5.64). The risk of emotional and behavioral problems was reduced in children with infrequent seizures (OR = 0.08, 95% CI, 0.01-0.06) and in children reporting no seizure in the past year (OR= 0.08, 95% CI, 0.01

关键词： Botulinum neurotoxin type A   Chronic sialorrhea   IncobotulinumtoxinA   Pediatric  

关键词： Autoimmunity   Sleep disorders   Polysomnography   Neurological autoimmunity   Diagnosis   Therapy  

摘要： Associations between sleep disorders and neurological autoimmunity have been notably expanding recently. Potential immune-mediated etiopathogenesis has been proposed for various sleep disorders including narcolepsy, Kleine-Levin syndrome, and Morvan syndrome. Sleep manifestations are also common in various autoimmune neurological syndromes, but may be underestimated as overriding presenting (and potentially dangerous) neurological symptoms often require more urgent attention. Even so, sleep dysfunction has been described with various neural-specific antibody biomarkers, including IgLON5;leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1);contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2);N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor;Ma2;dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein-6 (DPPX);alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPA-R);anti-neuronal nuclear antibody type-1 (ANNA-1, i.e., Hu);anti-neuronal nuclear antibody type-2 (ANNA-2, i.e., Ri);gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-B-receptor (GABA-B-R);metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5);and aquaporin-4 (AQP-4). Given potentially distinctive findings, it is possible that sleep testing could potentially provide objective biomarkers (polysomnography, quantitative muscle activity during REM sleep, cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1) to support an autoimmune diagnosis, monitor therapeutic response, or disease progression/relapse. However, more comprehensive characterization of sleep manifestations is needed to better understand the underlying sleep disruption with neurological autoimmunity.

关键词： astrocyte topology   cognitive disfunction   inflammation   reactive gliosis   self-renew   TBI  

摘要： Unlike microglia and NG2 glia, astrocytes are incapable of migrating to sites of injury in the posttraumatic cerebral cortex, instead relying on proliferation to replenish their numbers and distribution in the affected region. However, neither the spectrum of their proliferative repertoire nor their postinjury distribution has been examined in vivo. Using a combination of different thymidine analogs and clonal analysis in a model of repetitive traumatic brain injury, we show for the first time that astrocytes that are quiescent following an initial injury can be coerced to proliferate after a repeated insult in the cerebral cortex grey matter. Interestingly, this process is promoted by invasion of monocytes to the injury site, as their genetic ablation (using CCR2(-/-)mice) increased the number of repetitively dividing astrocytes at the expense of newly proliferating astrocytes in repeatedly injured parenchyma. These differences profoundly affected both the distribution of astrocytes and recovery period for posttraumatic behavior deficits suggesting key roles of astrocyte self-renewal in brain repair after injury.