关键词： 神经病学   小讲课   案例教学法   病例讨论   实习   教育  

摘要： 目的评价临床医学八年制实习学生在神经内科实习期间进行小讲课和案例教学法(case-based learning,CBL)的教学效果。方法随机选取北京协和医学院临床医学八年制2008-2012学年153名医学生(2014年11月-2019年10月期间在神经内科实习)作为研究对象。对学生在神经内科实习期间小讲课和CBL的施行情况进行调查问卷和分析。结果 58.82%的实习生完成了小讲课。94.77%的实习学生进行了CBL,其中15.03%的实习学生完成了病例讨论报告并发表。98.69%的实习学生认为小讲课对于培养神经系统疾病的诊疗思维有帮助,其中82.35%认为帮助非常大;100%的实习学生认为CBL对于培养神经系统疾病的诊疗思维有帮助,其中87.58%认为帮助非常大。结论神经内科实习学生小讲课结合CBL,能提高实习学生的自主学习能力及诊疗思维,值得进一步实践。

关键词： 体位性低血压   缺血性中风   神经病学   血压下降   痴呆   脑供血不足   认知功能下降   脑灌注不足  

摘要： 起立时头晕,要防痴呆或中风如果起立时感到头晕,说明存在突然的血压下降,是体位性低血压的一种表现。刊发在Neurology(神经病学)期刊上的一项新近研究指出,起立时头晕的人日后发生痴呆或中风的风险更大。研究者认为,这可能是由于反复发生脑灌注不足,导致认知功能下降,以及脑供血不足,以致发生缺血性中风和痴呆的可能性增加。

关键词： Neuro COVID-19   India   Cerebrovascular disease   Large vessel ischemic stroke   Encephalopathy   Myalgia   Anosmia   Dysgeusia   Poliomyelitis   COVID-19/Central nervous system tuberculosis co-infection  

摘要： Background: India has the second largest COVID-19 epidemic in the world as per current estimates. Central and peripheral nervous system involvement in COVID-19 (Neuro COVID-19) has been increasingly identified and reported. This letter is the first report of the spectrum of neurological disorders observed in patients with severe COVID-19 from a resource limited setting like India. Till October 30th 2020, Noble hospital and research center, Pune, India has admitted 2631 patients of COVID-19. Out of these, 423 patients had severe COVID-19. Neurologic complications in severe COVID-19 in Pune, India: Of the 423 patients with severe COVID-19, 20 (4.7%) had pre-existing neurologic co-morbidities, with cerebrovascular disease (8 patients) being the most common. Poliomyelitis (4 patients) was also an important co-morbidity associated with severe COVID-19. Bodyache or myalgia (207/423, 49 %) and headache (59/423, 13.9 %) were the most common neurologic symptoms observed in patients. Encephalopathy (22/423, 5.2 %) and new onset large vessel ischemic stroke secondary to cerebral artery thrombosis (5/423, 1.1%) were the most common secondary neurologic complications noted in our cohort. Two cases of COVID-19/central nervous system tuberculosis co-infection were also identified. Challenges in management of Neuro COVID-19 in India: Various challenges like an overwhelmed health care system, inadequate workforce, lack of exhaustive reporting of symptoms and poor availability of neuroimaging in ventilated COVID-19 patients leads to underestimation of Neuro COVID-19 in resource limited settings like India.

关键词： 一稿两用   学位论文   共识性   一稿两投   临床神经病学   诊断标准   文稿   新闻报道类  

摘要： 为维护本刊声誉和广大读者的利益,现对一稿两投和一稿两用问题的处理声明如下:(1)本声明中所涉及的文稿均指原始研究的报告或尽管2篇文稿在文字的表达和讨论的叙述上可能存在某些不同之处,但这些文稿的主要数据和图表是相同的。所指文稿不包括重要会议的纪要、学位论文、疾病的诊断标准和防治指南、有关组织达成的共识性文件、新闻报道类文稿以及在一种刊物发表过摘要或初步报道而将全文投向另一种期刊的文稿。

关键词： 神经精神疾病   全国性学术会议   精神病学   神经内科   精神科   神经病学   被引频次   神经外科  

摘要： 由国家教育部主管、中山大学主办的《中国神经精神疾病杂志》创刊于1975年,是国内神经病学、精神病学领域内具有重要影响力的专业学术性核心期刊,被引频次及影响因子居临床医学期刊前列。我刊主要报道我国神经内科、神经外科、精神科临床和基础研究的新成果,介绍相关领域研究的新进展,推广先进的诊疗技术,组织专题学术讨论和召开全国性学术会议。

关键词： Dexmedetomidine   Neonatal hypoxic ischemia   Autophagy  

摘要： Background: Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) is a major cause of mortality in neonates and can cause long-term neurological sequelae. Excessive autophagy caused by HI may cause neuronal death. Dexmedetomidine was reported neuroprotective against HIBI. Therefore, in the present study, the autophagy-related mechanisms underlying the protective effects of dexmedetomidine against cerebral HI in neonatal rats were investigated. Methods: In the present study, the expression of autophagy-related proteins microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) B-II and Beclin1, neuronal and microglia autophagy levels, the myelin basic protein (MBP) expression, long-term neuronal density ratio, and long-term behavioral prognosis in HIBI model were investigated by ligating the left common carotid artery in neonatal rats, followed by 2-h hypoxia. Results: Dexmedetomidine inhibited the overactivated autophagy of hippocampal neurons and microglia after HI. In addition, dexmedetomidine inhibited neuronal density decrease and axon demyelination after HI-induced overactivated autophagy. Lastly, dexmedetomidine improved the long-term neurological prognosis and was reversed by the autophagy agonist rapamycin. Conclusion: The protective effects of dexmedetomidine on HI neonatal rats were evidenced by inhibition of excessive autophagy of neurons and microglia, thereby reducing the decline of long-term neuronal density and axon demyelination as well as improving long-term learning cognitive function.

关键词： 行为导向教学法   多媒体教学   神经病学   规培医师   住院医师规范化培训  

摘要： 目的探讨行为导向教学法联合多媒体教学在住院医师规范化培训神经内科教学中的应用效果。方法选取2018年9月1日至2019年9月1日在南京医科大学附属江宁医院进行住院医师规范化培训并在神经内科轮转的医师50名,随机分为实验组(25名)和对照组(25名),分别应用行为导向教学法和传统授课教学法,并均应用多媒体技术完成神经病学教学任务,轮转结束后采用问卷调查和出科考试两种方法评估教学效果。结果问卷调查显示实验组在理论知识掌握、学习兴趣、分析解决问题能力、语言表达能力、创新思维能力等方面的培养均显著优于对照组(P<0.05),前者的出科考试成绩亦显著高于后者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论行为导向教学法联合多媒体教学可激发规培医师的学习兴趣和自主学习能力,提高考试成绩,提升临床神经病学的教学效果。

关键词： 办刊宗旨   学术刊物   临床神经病学   读者对象   中级人员   学术交流   病例报告   问题解答  

摘要： 《临床神经病学杂志》系国家级神经病学专业性学术刊物,由南京医科大学附属脑科医院主办。刊登内容以临床神经病学为主,兼及有关边缘学科。读者对象以从事临床神经病学专业的高、中级人员为主,也可供内科、儿科、眼科、五官科医师参阅。本刊的办刊宗旨是:面向临床,面向基层,注重实用,鼎力于提高我国临床神经科医师的专业理论及诊疗水平。一、本刊设有专家论坛、述评、论著、学术交流、专题笔谈、综述、讲座、临床病理(例)讨论、教学园地、问题解答、临床研究、病例报告、误诊误治、技术改进等栏目,接受全国各地来稿。