关键词： Cerebrospinal fluid   COVID-19   Delirium   Epilepsy   Headache disorders   Stroke  

摘要： Objective: We report the findings from the Spanish Society of Neurology?s NeuroCOVID-19 Registry. Methods: We performed a multicentre study of patients with neurological manifestations of COVID-19. Participating physicians reported demographic, clinical, and paraclinical data and judged the involvement of COVID-19 in causing neurological symptoms. Results: A total of 233 cases were submitted, including 74 different combinations of manifestations. The most frequently reported were stroke (27%), neuromuscular symptoms (23.6%), altered mental status (23.6%), anosmia (17.6%), headache (12.9%), and seizures (11.6%). The mean age of patients was 61.1 years, with 42.1% being women;a higher proportion of women was recorded among patients with altered mental status, anosmia, and headache. The onset of symptoms differed within categories. Onset of anosmia occurred a mean (standard deviation) of 2.9 (2.5) days after the first general symptom, whereas neuromuscular symptoms appeared after 13.9 (10.1) days. Neurological symptoms were persistent in 33% of patients. General symptoms were present in 97.7% of patients, and results from general laboratory studies were abnormal in 99.4% of patients. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis findings were abnormal in 62.7% of the cases in which this test was performed (n = 51), but positive results for SARS-CoV-2 were only found in one case. Conclusions: The neurological manifestations of COVID-19 are diverse. Anosmia, myalgia, and headache occur earlier in the course of the disease. Altered mental status, neuromuscular symptoms, and stroke are associated with greater severity. COVID-19 must be incorporated into most clinical and radiological differential diagnoses. COVID-19 may cause persistent and disabling neurological symptoms.

关键词： arterial spin labeling   brain age   brain disorders   cerebral blood flow   machine learning   MRI   multimodal imaging   T1w   T2w ratio  

摘要： The deviation between chronological age and age predicted using brain MRI is a putative marker of overall brain health. Age prediction based on structural MRI data shows high accuracy in common brain disorders. However, brain aging is complex and heterogenous, both in terms of individual differences and the underlying biological processes. Here, we implemented a multimodal model to estimate brain age using different combinations of cortical area, thickness and sub-cortical volumes, cortical and subcortical T1/T2-weighted ratios, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) based on arterial spin labeling. For each of the 11 models we assessed the age prediction accuracy in healthy controls (HC, n = 750) and compared the obtained brain age gaps (BAGs) between age-matched subsets of HC and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 54), mild (MCI, n = 90) and subjective (SCI, n = 56) cognitive impairment, schizophrenia spectrum (SZ, n = 159) and bipolar disorder (BD, n = 135). We found highest age prediction accuracy in HC when integrating all modalities. Furthermore, two-group case-control classifications revealed highest accuracy for AD using global T1-weighted BAG, while MCI, SCI, BD and SZ showed strongest effects in CBF-based BAGs. Combining multiple MRI modalities improves brain age prediction and reveals distinct deviations in patients with psychiatric and neurological disorders. The multimodal BAG was most accurate in predicting age in HC, while group differences between patients and HC were often larger for BAGs based on single modalities. These findings indicate that multidimensional neuroimaging of patients may provide a brain-based mapping of overlapping and distinct pathophysiology in common disorders.

关键词： Hepatitis E virus (HEV)   CNS infection   Viral meningitis   Viral encephalitis   HEV seroprevalence  

摘要： Background: Central nervous system (CNS) infections can be caused by a variety of viruses, but in a significant number of patients no viral or other pathogen can be identified using routine diagnostic work-up. Interestingly, several case reports and series described Hepatitis E virus (HEV) as a potential pathogen. However, systematic studies have not been conducted so far. Methods: We identified 243 patients from Southwestern Germany with acute CNS infections of unknown cause treated in our clinic between 2008 and 2018, of which serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were available. These patients were retrospectively tested for anti-HEV IgM and IgG antibodies. In addition, HEV PCR was performed in the majority of cases including IgM-negative patients with symptom onset <8 days. 263 healthy individuals served as controls. Results: Evidence of an acute HEV infection was found in four patients (1.7%). Three had recent HEV infection defined as positive anti-HEV IgM and IgG antibodies, one had current HEV infection defined as (additional) detection of HEV RNA in serum. However, anti-HEV IgM and IgG seroprevalence did not differ significantly from controls, though these had considerably lower IgM levels. Interestingly, anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence was unexpectedly high (30.7%) and revealed an age-dependent increase to more than 50% in patients older than 60 years. Conclusion: This study supports previous findings that HEV could play a role in acute CNS infections. Therefore, we encourage testing for acute HEV infection if no other pathogen can be identified. However, further studies are necessary to prove a causal role.

关键词： 微视频   神经病学   教学  

摘要： 微视频是一种时间短、教学内容小而精、目标明确、资源文件小且具有独立性等特点的一种现代教学模式。把微视频引入神经病学课堂教学中,学生的课堂考试成绩、满意度调查均明显提高。微视频可以使学生直观、形象地了解疾病,同时调动了学生学习的积极性,提高了教学效果。

关键词： 神经病学   小讲课   案例教学法   病例讨论   实习   教育  

摘要： 目的评价临床医学八年制实习学生在神经内科实习期间进行小讲课和案例教学法(case-based learning,CBL)的教学效果。方法随机选取北京协和医学院临床医学八年制2008-2012学年153名医学生(2014年11月-2019年10月期间在神经内科实习)作为研究对象。对学生在神经内科实习期间小讲课和CBL的施行情况进行调查问卷和分析。结果 58.82%的实习生完成了小讲课。94.77%的实习学生进行了CBL,其中15.03%的实习学生完成了病例讨论报告并发表。98.69%的实习学生认为小讲课对于培养神经系统疾病的诊疗思维有帮助,其中82.35%认为帮助非常大;100%的实习学生认为CBL对于培养神经系统疾病的诊疗思维有帮助,其中87.58%认为帮助非常大。结论神经内科实习学生小讲课结合CBL,能提高实习学生的自主学习能力及诊疗思维,值得进一步实践。

关键词： 体位性低血压   缺血性中风   神经病学   血压下降   痴呆   脑供血不足   认知功能下降   脑灌注不足  

摘要： 起立时头晕,要防痴呆或中风如果起立时感到头晕,说明存在突然的血压下降,是体位性低血压的一种表现。刊发在Neurology(神经病学)期刊上的一项新近研究指出,起立时头晕的人日后发生痴呆或中风的风险更大。研究者认为,这可能是由于反复发生脑灌注不足,导致认知功能下降,以及脑供血不足,以致发生缺血性中风和痴呆的可能性增加。

关键词： Neuro COVID-19   India   Cerebrovascular disease   Large vessel ischemic stroke   Encephalopathy   Myalgia   Anosmia   Dysgeusia   Poliomyelitis   COVID-19/Central nervous system tuberculosis co-infection  

摘要： Background: India has the second largest COVID-19 epidemic in the world as per current estimates. Central and peripheral nervous system involvement in COVID-19 (Neuro COVID-19) has been increasingly identified and reported. This letter is the first report of the spectrum of neurological disorders observed in patients with severe COVID-19 from a resource limited setting like India. Till October 30th 2020, Noble hospital and research center, Pune, India has admitted 2631 patients of COVID-19. Out of these, 423 patients had severe COVID-19. Neurologic complications in severe COVID-19 in Pune, India: Of the 423 patients with severe COVID-19, 20 (4.7%) had pre-existing neurologic co-morbidities, with cerebrovascular disease (8 patients) being the most common. Poliomyelitis (4 patients) was also an important co-morbidity associated with severe COVID-19. Bodyache or myalgia (207/423, 49 %) and headache (59/423, 13.9 %) were the most common neurologic symptoms observed in patients. Encephalopathy (22/423, 5.2 %) and new onset large vessel ischemic stroke secondary to cerebral artery thrombosis (5/423, 1.1%) were the most common secondary neurologic complications noted in our cohort. Two cases of COVID-19/central nervous system tuberculosis co-infection were also identified. Challenges in management of Neuro COVID-19 in India: Various challenges like an overwhelmed health care system, inadequate workforce, lack of exhaustive reporting of symptoms and poor availability of neuroimaging in ventilated COVID-19 patients leads to underestimation of Neuro COVID-19 in resource limited settings like India.

关键词： 一稿两用   学位论文   共识性   一稿两投   临床神经病学   诊断标准   文稿   新闻报道类  

摘要： 为维护本刊声誉和广大读者的利益,现对一稿两投和一稿两用问题的处理声明如下:(1)本声明中所涉及的文稿均指原始研究的报告或尽管2篇文稿在文字的表达和讨论的叙述上可能存在某些不同之处,但这些文稿的主要数据和图表是相同的。所指文稿不包括重要会议的纪要、学位论文、疾病的诊断标准和防治指南、有关组织达成的共识性文件、新闻报道类文稿以及在一种刊物发表过摘要或初步报道而将全文投向另一种期刊的文稿。

关键词： 神经精神疾病   全国性学术会议   精神病学   神经内科   精神科   神经病学   被引频次   神经外科  

摘要： 由国家教育部主管、中山大学主办的《中国神经精神疾病杂志》创刊于1975年,是国内神经病学、精神病学领域内具有重要影响力的专业学术性核心期刊,被引频次及影响因子居临床医学期刊前列。我刊主要报道我国神经内科、神经外科、精神科临床和基础研究的新成果,介绍相关领域研究的新进展,推广先进的诊疗技术,组织专题学术讨论和召开全国性学术会议。