关键词： Disease burden   Metachromatic leukodystrophy   Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2   Parents   Quality of life  

摘要： BackgroundRare and severe neurological disorders in childhood not only heavily affect the life perspective of the patients, but also their caregivers and families. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of such diseases on the family, especially on the quality of life and life perspectives of parents, but also on the families' everyday life, based on the model of two diseases which have been well described in recent years with respect to symptoms and course: metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) and pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2 (PCH2). PCH2 is a primary severe developmental disorder, while children with MLD initially develop normally and then progressively *** a semi-standardized questionnaire, 43 families with children suffering from MLD (n=30) or PCH2 (n=19) reported data on the severity of the illness/symptoms, on family support and the care situation, as well as on the circumstances of non-affected siblings and the parents' work situation. In addition, the quality of life of parents and general family functioning was assessed using the PedsQL (TM) Family Impact Module [23]. Results for the latter were compared to published data from families with children without any chronic condition using student's t-tests for independent samples. Potential factors influencing the PedsQL (TM) scores were analyzed using Spearman's rank *** of children with MLD and PCH2 reported significantly lower health-related quality of life (HRQOL) compared to parents of healthy children (P<0.001). Mothers showed significantly poorer HRQOL (P<0.05) and were significantly more dissatisfied with their professional development (P<0.05) than fathers, and this was seen in relation to their child's disease. Neither the form of disease ('primary' symptomatic PCH2 or 'secondary' symptomatic MLD), nor the severity of the child's illness (in terms of gross motor and speech function) had a specific impact on HRQOL in families. However, the tim

关键词： 糖尿病前期   老年痴呆症   助理教授   神经病学   记忆测试   高血糖   芭芭拉   胰岛素抵抗  

摘要： 《美国医学杂志·神经病学》刊登的一项新研究发现,与糖尿病前期(血糖水平偏高,但尚未达到2型糖尿病的程度)有关的高血糖会增加老年痴呆症风险。新研究中,美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校助理教授芭芭拉·本德琳博士及其同事对无精神障碍的150名成人参试者进行了记忆测试,研究人员还测量了这些平均年龄为61岁的参试者的胰岛素抵抗情况。

关键词： 混合教学模式   神经病学   教学模式   理论知识   临床操作能力  

摘要： 本文探析混合教学模式在神经病学教学中的应用效果。选择2019年9月—2021年1月时间段,抽取于本院接受神经病学教学的学生,例数为100例,根据入学的先后时间将其分为参照组(2016级57人)与研究组(2017级43人),其中参照组借助传统方式进行教学,研究组借助混合教学模式开展教学,对两组学生的教学效果与教学满意度进行分析和对比。研究组学生研究组理论成绩与操作技能分别为(90.01±5.79)分和(89.14±4.89)分,教学满意度为93.0%,其数据均显著优于参照组(t=6.504,P=0.000;t=7.947,P=0.000;χ^(2)=7.996,P=0.004)。神经病学教学中应用混合教学模式能够提升学生对理论知识的理解与运用能力,便于学生临床操作技能的提高,具有显著的教学应用价值。

关键词： Astrocyte   Gap junctions   Connexins   Hemichannels   CNS drugs   Neuropsychiatric diseases   Neurodegenerative diseases   Connexin-modulating drugs  

摘要： Astrocytes represent the reticular part of the central nervous system;gap junctions formed by connexins Cx43, Cx30- and Cx26 provide for homocellular astrocyte-astrocyte coupling, whereas connexins Cx30, Cx32, Cx43, and Cx47 connect astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Astroglial networks are anatomically and functionally segregated being homologous to neuronal ensembles. Connexons, gap junctions and hemichannels (unpaired connexons) are affected in various neuropathologies from neuropsychiatric to neurodegenerative diseases. Manipulation of astrocytic connexins modulates the size and outreach of astroglial syncytia thus affecting astroglial homeostatic support. Modulation of astrocytic connexin significantly modifies pharmacological profile of many CNS drugs, which represents an innovative therapeutic approach for CNS disorders;this approach is now actively tested in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Wide combination of connexin modulators with CNS drugs open new promising perspectives for fundamental studies and therapeutic strategies.

关键词： 神经精神疾病   康复医学   精神病学   神经遗传学   神经病学   科研方法   神经内科   科研成果  

摘要： 《中国神经精神疾病杂志》为我国神经病学与精神病学核心期刊,国内外公开发行。本刊以广大神经内科、神经外科、精神科及相关学科(包括神经生物学、神经遗传学及康复医学等)医师为主要读者,报告神经精神学科领域领先的科研方法、科研成果和临床诊疗经验,以及对神经精神疾病临床有指导意义的基础理论研究。一直被《中文核心期刊要目总览》、《中国科技论文统计源期刊》、中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)等收录为核心期刊。

关键词： Di-Tan Decoction   Post-stroke   Adverse effects   Randomized clinical trials   Risk of bias  

摘要： The management of post-stroke complications plays an important role in the quality of ***-Tan Decoction(DTD;涤痰汤)is a widely used traditional Chinese *** study incorporated systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of DTD in post-stroke neurological *** clinical trials(RCTs)were searched from English,Chinese and Korean electronic medical databases,by including the keywords"Di-Tan Tang","Di-Tan Decoction","Scour Phlegm Decoction","stroke",and"*** RCT included control(placebo,conventional therapy,or Western medicine)and experimental(DTD treatment)*** patients inflicted with stroke for 1-6 weeks,the outcomes of post-stroke neurological disorders were measured by scales for post-stroke symptoms and were classified as"completely healed","markedly effective","effective"and"ineffective".Totally,11 RCTs(n=490 controls and n=502 DTD subjects)were selected from 210 articles identified in the initial search.A metaanalysis of evaluation criteria in post-stroke symptoms revealed that the overall odds ratio(ORs)for alleviating post-stroke neurological disorders were 0.30-fold lower(95%CI=0.21-0.43)in the DTD group than the control(Western medicine)group(P<0.00001).Moreover,regardless of the type of stroke diagnostic scale applied(including NFA,HDS,and NIHSS),the overall post-stroke symptoms determined were less severe in the DTD group(n=219)than the control group(n=217).No adverse effects of DTD were observed in the 11 RCTs *** 11 studies used an appropriate method for randomization of subjects to evaluate the risk of bias(ROB),and 7 studies included allocation concealment as well as blinding of patients and ***-risk ROB was included in6 *** significant publication bias was derived from the funnel *** results indicate that the administration of DTD alone,and DTD in combination with Western medicine,exert greater efficacy for post-stroke complication therapy,than Western medicine administ

关键词： 后疫情时代   混合式教学   神经病学   教学改革  

摘要： 目的探讨以慕课(massive open online courses,MOOC)为基础,结合基于问题的教学(problem-based learning,PBL)和案例导入式教学(case-based learning,CBL),并辅以腾讯会议、QQ群等辅助教学工具的混合式教学在后疫情时代神经病学教学中的应用效果。方法选取扬州大学2016级临床医学专业本科生293名为研究对象,随机分为混合式教学组(n=148)和传统教学组(n=145),混合式教学组给予MOOC联合PBL、CBL的混合式教学,传统教学组给予传统的面对面课堂教学。课程结束后,通过理论考核和实践技能考核,以无记名问卷调查,评价两组教学效果和满意度。结果混合式教学组的理论考核成绩、实践技能考核成绩和问卷调查评分均显著高于传统教学组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论混合式教学有利于激发学生的学习热情,培养临床思维能力,提高教学质量,值得在后疫情时代的高等医学教育中推广。

关键词： MOOC   神经病学   岗位胜任力  

摘要： 神经病学一直是高等医学院校教学的难点,随着网络教学资源的日益增多,部分高校将专业慕课应用到神经病学教学中,在取得良好的教学效果的同时,暴露出增大医学生学习压力,临床思维训练不足等问题。通识类慕课以建立疾病整体认知为目的,有效地解决了这些问题,提升了神经病学教学效果,更好地顺应了以岗位胜任力导向的卓越医生培养教育教学要求。

关键词： 教育   神经病学   教学法   以病例为基础的学习   经典案例   应用形式   教学评价  

摘要： “以病例为基础”的教学法(case-based learning,CBL)在医学教育中广泛应用。它要求教师在教学过程中,根据学科设置的培养目标和课程教学目的,把临床实际案例作为教学基本素材,生动地呈现给医学生,并将他们带入到具体的临床问题情境中,进行分析问题和解决问题,以培养医学生运用医学理论知识并形成临床技能、技巧为目的的一种教学方法。神经病学知识体系繁杂、理论晦涩难懂,且临床诊断尤其强调“定位定性”,逻辑性特别强,常常会让医学生们心生畏怯。学生们对课程的学习兴趣不高,经常会反映课程难度大,由此给教师的教学也带来了一定的难度,故而使神经病学教学工作陷入被动局面。因此,教师在临床教学中可通过运用导入新课、课堂举例讨论、课后作业及质量考核等CBL常见教学手段实施教学。CBL教学法可激发学生的学习兴趣、提高学习积极性,活跃课堂气氛、拓宽学习思路,锻炼学生语言表达和沟通能力,提高分析和解决问题能力,利于理论联系实践,对提升临床神经病学的教学质量具有积极意义。