关键词： 办刊宗旨   中国医师协会   神经疾病   神经解剖学   普及与提高   神经病学   专业期刊   神经内外科  

摘要： 《中国现代神经疾病杂志》为国家卫生健康委员会主管、中国医师协会主办的神经病学类专业期刊。办刊宗旨为:理论与实践相结合、普及与提高相结合,充分反映我国神经内外科临床科研工作重大进展,促进国内外学术交流所设栏目包括述评、专论、论著、临床病理报告、应用神经解剖学,神经影像学、循证神经病学、流行病学调查研究、基础研究、临床研究、综述、临床医学图像、病例报告,临床病理(例)讨论、新技术新方法等。

关键词： PBL   CBL   神经病学教学   应用探讨  

摘要： 探讨PBL联合CBL在神经病学教学中的应用探讨。方法:选取我院2019年9月至2020年神经内科临床见习本科生100名,以随机数字法将其分为对照组与观察组,每组含见习本科生50名,其中对照组采取传统教学法,观察组采取PBL联合CBL教学法,对比两组教学成果。结果:观察组在专业理论、临床思维及操作技能三项评分上皆高于对照组,对比P<0.05;观察组总满意度98.00%高于对照组84.00%,对比P<0.05;教学前,见习生解决问题以询问老师为主,且放置不解决发生率14.00%,教学后,见习生解决问题以自主解决与组间讨论为主,放置不解决发生率下降为2.00%,远远低于教学前(P<0.05)。结论:PBL联合CBL在神经病学教学中可显著提升教学效果,并提升见习本科生问题解决能力,提高其学习积极性。

关键词： 中华医学会   抗癫痫药物   临床决策   中枢神经系统   神经病学   drugs   管理指南   母乳喂养  

摘要： 推荐理由:癫痫是最常见的中枢神经系统慢性疾病之一,其中约40%的女性癫痈患者处于育龄期。关于妊娠时机、抗癫痫药物(antiepileptic drugs,AEDs)的致畸风险、选药方案和母乳喂养等一系列问题时常困扰育龄期女性患者。近年来,随着新型AEDs不断面世,国际大规模癫痫妊娠登记项目的前瞻性研究结果的相继发表,育龄期女性癫痫患者有了更为丰富的药物选择,基于更高级别证据的临床决策为该群体的母胎安全提供了有力保障。为此,中华医学会神经病学分会脑电图与癫痫学组组织相关专家,讨论并撰写了《中国围妊娠期女性癫痈患者管理指南》,已发表于近期出版的《中华神经科杂志》,旨在为围妊娠期女性癫痫患者提供全面合理的治疗规范。

关键词： astrocyte   astrocytosis   central nervous system   function   morphology   neurologic conditions  

摘要： Astrocytes are a population of central nervous system (CNS) cells with distinctive morphological and functional characteristics that differ within specific areas of the brain and are widely distributed throughout the CNS. There are mainly two types of astrocytes, protoplasmic and fibrous, which differ in morphologic appearance and location. Astrocytes are important cells of the CNS that not only provide structural support, but also modulate synaptic activity, regulate neuroinflammatory responses, maintain the blood-brain barrier, and supply energy to neurons. As a result, astrocytic disruption can lead to widespread detrimental effects and can contribute to the pathophysiology of several neurological conditions. The characteristics of astrocytes in more common neuropathologies such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease have significantly been described and continue to be widely studied. However, there still exist numerous rare neurological conditions in which astrocytic involvement is unknown and needs to be explored. Accordingly, this review will summarize functional and morphological changes of astrocytes in various rare neurological conditions based on current knowledge thus far and highlight remaining neuropathologies where astrocytic involvement has yet to be investigated.

关键词： inflammation   neurological   diseases  

摘要： Inflammation is critical for the induction of immune responses to pathogens and other foreign ***,excessive local and systemic inflammation can have dire consequences beyond the original site of inflammation.A link between peripheral inflammation and neuropathology has been suggested for many diseases,including influenza infection,liver cirrhosis,and irritable bowel syndrome.1,2,3 Arguably,the vast majority of inflammatory diseases have been associated with deleterious neurological ***,immunotherapies,such as CAR T-cell treatment,are known for their high risk of cytokine release syndrome and associated ***,the mechanism behind this phenomenon of inflammation-induced neuropathology remains largely *** evidence from animal models that accurately depict this phenomenon is limited;these models will be essential to uncover the role of peripheral inflammation in neurological complications of *** to fill this gap in understanding,Zhou et *** critical evidence linking lymphocytes from the inflamed gut to neurological sequelae in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC).4 These results pave the way to understanding how peripheral inflammation can adversely enhance immune activation and result in downstream neurological disease.

摘要： Despite the benign nature of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), mounting data are associating MGUS with the development of organ dysfunction, specifically monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) and monoclonal gammopathy of neurological significance (MGNS), which could be associated with substantial morbidity. Emerging evidence suggests that patients with MGRS and MGNS could benefit from treatments used for myeloma, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, or chronic lymphocytic leukemia, depending on the underlying pathology. However, the treatment of MGRS and MGNS is not standardized, and potentially effective therapies might not be reimbursed because these conditions do not formally meet the criteria for malignant processes. The present review aims at establishing standards for the evaluation and management of MGRS and MGNS, which can facilitate the diagnosis of and provide therapeutic options for treating practitioners and patients affected by these conditions. The careful design and execution of clinical trials for patients with MGRS and MGNS are positively encouraged.

关键词： 课程思政   线上教学   神经病学   临床实践  

摘要： 研究课程思政在神经病学临床实践线上教学中的实施效果,以提高学生的学习兴趣、道德水平和思想政治素养,整体提升教学质量。

关键词： 翻转课堂   MBBS   留学生   神经病学教学   学习态度   满意度  

摘要： 目的探究翻转课堂模式在医学学士和外科学士(MBBS)留学生神经病学教学中的效果。方法将2016级(2019年9—12月)进行神经病学学习的9名MBBS留学生作为观察组,选择脑血管病2个章节进行翻转课堂模式教授,与2015级(2018年9—12月)15名进行神经病学常规学习的MBBS留学生(对照组)进行对照,比较(观察组)学生开展翻转课堂教学前后的学习态度、满意度;同时组间比较学习后对于重点内容的掌握程度。结果观察组展翻转课堂后学习主动性、临床思维能力、自主学习能力、小组合作学习能力及探究学习能力评分均高于开展翻转课堂课程前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);学生对教师态度、主动讲解、操作示范以及师生沟通满意度均显著高于未开展课程前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组学生对基础知识、疾病诊断、疾病症状以及临床检查知识掌握度评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论翻转课堂模式在MBBS留学生神经病学教学中的应用,在改善学生学习态度及满意度方面有显著效果,且可以提升学生对重点知识的掌握程度。

关键词： 线上教学   神经病学   留学生   教学方法  

摘要： 来华留学生教育是我国医学高等教育的重要组成部分,《神经病学》是临床医学专业留学生必修的一门专业课,目前线上教学是留学生学习神经病学课程的重要途径,本文在对国外留学生神经病学线上教学的过程和效果分析的基础上,探索适合留学生的教学模式和教学方法,以提高教学质量。