关键词： 中华医学会   江苏省医学会   神经病学   学术活动   脑血管病   南京大学医学院   临床专家   鼓楼医院  

摘要： 由中华医学会、中华医学会神经病学分会主办,中华医学会神经病学分会脑血管病学组、江苏省医学会承办,南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院、苏州大学附属第二医院协办的第21次中国脑血管病大会拟定于2021年11月18-20日在江苏省苏州市举行。届时将邀请国内著名脑血管病专家和神经病学临床专家进行专题讲座,并举办各种形式的学术活动。

关键词： Oropouche virus   Arbovirus   Central nervous system   Neurological disease   Neglected disease  

摘要： We describe two neurological cases of Oropouche virus infection in northern Brazil, where the virus is endemic but neglected as a pathogen. This study reiterates the necessity of developing protocols for diagnosing infections and training medical personnel to recognize the pathogenicity of Oropouche virus in neurological infections.

关键词： Nitrous oxide   Toxic   Vitamin B12 deficiency   Passive inhalation  

关键词： Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy   SUDEP   Education   Neurology residency   Residency training  

摘要： We evaluated baseline sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) knowledge and counseling practices among national and international adult neurology trainees with a 12-question online survey. The survey was emailed to all 169 U.S. neurology residency program directors and select international neurology/epilepsy program leaders. Program leaders were asked to distribute the survey link to adult neurology trainees. There were 161 respondents in the U.S. and 171 respondents outside the U.S. The latter were from 25 Latin American, European, Asian, and African countries. More than 90% of all trainees reported familiarity with SUDEP definition. Familiarity with SUDEP risk factors and mitigation measures ranged from 56% to 67% across these groups, with international trainees slightly more familiar with risk factors (67% vs. 61% in U.S.) but less familiar with mitigation measures (56% vs. 63% in U.S.). Approximately half of national (49%) and international (54%) trainees rarely or never counseled patients on SUDEP. Less than half of national (44%) and international (41%) trainees were educated about SUDEP. Many U.S. and adult neurology trainees remain unfamiliar with SUDEP risk factors and mitigation measures. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy counseling falls below recommended standards. We suggest that worldwide neurology training programs' leaderships consider improving SUDEP education targeted at adult neurology trainees. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Valve disease   Endocarditis   Neurological complication   Stroke  

摘要： Methods. - In a prospective, single-centre study in a referral centre for IE, all patients with IE underwent systematic screening for neurological complications. The primary outcome was 6-month death. In patients presenting with neurological complications, the prognosis according to surgical status was analysed and a Cox regression model used to identify variables predictive of death. Results. - Between April 2014 and January 2018, 351 patients with a definite diagnosis of left sided IE were included. Ninety-four patients (26.8%) presented with at least one neurological complication. Fifty-nine patients (17.7%) died during 6-month follow-up. Six-month mortality rates did not differ significantly between patients with and without neurological complications (P = 0.60). Forty patients had a temporary surgical contraindication because of neurological complications. During the period of surgical contraindication, seven of these patients (17.5%) died, six (15.0%) presented a new embolic event, and 12 (30.0%) presented cardiac or septic deterioration. In multivariable analysis, predictive factors of death in patients presenting with neurological complications were temporary surgical contraindication (hazard ratio 7.36, 95% confidence interval 1.61-33.67;P = 0.010) and presence of a mechanical prosthetic valve (hazard ratio 16.40, 95% confidence interval 2.22-121.17;P = 0.006). Conclusions. - Patients with a temporary surgical contraindication due to neurological complications had a higher risk of death and frequent major complications while waiting for surgery. When indicated, the decision to postpone surgery in the early phase should be weighed against the risk of infectious or cardiac deterioration. (c) 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

关键词： Apoptotic markers   Histological investigations   Oxidative stress   Physalis   Rats   Streptozotocin‐   induced diabetes  

摘要： Neuropathy is considered a critical complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Scientific studies are needed to relieve these painful complications. The current study aims to estimate the ameliorative role of Physalis juice (PJ) against neurological impairment in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Type 1 DM was induced after one week of injecting rats with 55 mg STZ/kg body weight. PJ-treated rats were orally administered 5 ml PJ/kg body weight per day for 28 days after induction of diabetes. A small piece of the cerebral cortex of rats was fixed and used for histopathological investigations. The remaining portion of the cerebral cortex was homogenized for biochemical and molecular analyses. As compared to the controls, STZ-injected rats showed significant elevations in the levels of blood glucose, tumor necrosis factor alfa, interleukin-1 beta, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and expression levels of caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X-protein. Additionally, remarkable declines in the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, monoamines, B-cell lymphoma-2, glutathione, as well as the activities and gene expression levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in STZ-treated rats were reported. Moreover, some histopathological alterations were observed in the brain cortex of the STZ-treated rats. On the other hand, the administration of PJ substantially reduced the blood glucose and alleviated the above-mentioned alterations in all the studied parameters of the cerebral cortex. In conclusion, an oral administration of 5 ml PJ/kg revealed a neuroprotective action against neurodegenerative diabetes-induced complications in rats, which might be due to the reported antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions of PJ. Thus, further therapeutic studies are recommended to apply PJ in the treatment regimen of diabetes.

关键词： Stem cells   Extracellular vesicles   Secretome   Delivery   Central    nervous system   Peripheral    nervous system   Repair   Biomaterials   Clinical trials  

摘要： One of the most explored strategies to cure neurological dis-orders is the transplantation of stem cells and their derived products. Different stem cells, as well as their extracellular vesicles (EV), modified or not, have been administrated in a large array of preclinical neurological disorder models. EV represent the hope of a "cell-free" therapy that would combine the therapeutic potential of stem cells without their drawbacks. Stem cells and EV showed various degrees of efficiency but, overall, provided benefits and improvements. The administra-tion route has a considerable impact on stem cell and EV safety and therapeutic effect. However, despite evidences of preclinical success, the different strategies developed based on stem cells to treat neurological disorders do not exactly recapitulate in clinical trials. Discrepancies between preclinical and clinical experimental conditions and settings, cell avail-ability and difficulties to scale up and to produce cells and EV in a Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) environment limit translation.

关键词： CNS infections   Peripheral neuropathies   Pandemics   history   Meningitis   Encephalitis  

摘要： Neurological manifestations in pandemics frequently cause short and long-term consequences which are frequently overlooked. Despite advances in the treatment of infectious diseases, nervous system involvement remains a challenge, with limited treatments often available. The under-recognition of neurological manifestations may lead to an increase in the burden of acute disease as well as secondary complications with long-term consequences. Nervous system infection or dysfunction during pandemics is common and its enduring consequences, especially among vulnerable populations, are frequently forgotten. An improved understanding the possible mechanisms of neurological damage during epidemics, and increased recognition of the possible manifestations is fundamental to bring insights when dealing with future outbreaks. To reverse this gap in knowledge, we reviewed all the pandemics, large and important epidemics of human history in which neurological manifestations are evident, and described the possible physiological processes that leads to the adverse sequelae caused or triggered by those pathogens.

关键词： Degenerative cervical myelopathy   MRI signal intensity change in the spinal cord Outcome   Dynamic change in the spinal cord  

摘要： Study design: A retrospective study of prospectively collected date. Purpose: The present study aimed to identify patient characteristics, radiological factors, the neurological status, and postoperative outcomes associated with MRI signal intensity changes in degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). Material and method: One hundred and fourteen DCM patients who underwent posterior decompression surgeries were enrolled. Pre-and postoperative (12 months) Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores, cervical alignment and balance on X rays, the cross-sectional area of the spinal cord (CSA) in kinematic CT myelography (CTM). The recovery rate (RR) of the total JOA score and those specific for the upper and lower limb items were evaluated. MRI included T1-weighted imaging (WI) and T2WI. Patients were classified into two groups for a univariate analysis according to the presence or absence of a high signal intensity (HIS) in the sagittal view on T2WI, a low signal intensity (LSI) in the sagittal view on T1WI, the distribution of HSI at a single or multiple levels, and the presence or absence of the snake eye appearance. A multiple logistic regression analysis (MLRA) was performed to identify factors associated with signal intensity changes on MRI. Results: Ninety-six patients (84.3%) were classified into HIS changes in the sagittal view on T2WI. The group with multilevel HSI showed significantly lower RR specific for the lower extremity JOA score (30.8% vs 47.7%;P = 0.016). The snake eye-positive group showed a significantly inferior RR specific for the upper extremity JOA score (40.1% vs 53.2%;P = 0.04). In MLRA, LSI changes on T1WI revealed small CSAF (P = 0.02, Odds ratio;0.77, 95%CI:0.61-0.97), while HSI changes on T2WI revealed a small CSAF (P = 0.008, Odds ratio;1.36, 95%CI:1.08-1.72) and large C2-7 angle during extension (P = 0.009, Odds ratio;0.73, 95%CI:0.58-0.92). CSAF correlated with multilevel HSI changes (P = 0.006, Odds ratio;0.78, 95%CI:0.66-0.93). The sna

关键词： Consensus statement   Sturge-Weber syndrome   Port-wine birthmark   Seizures   Glaucoma  

摘要： Background: Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a sporadic, neurocutaneous syndrome involving the skin, brain, and eyes. Because of the variability of the clinical manifestations and the lack of prospective studies, consensus recommendations for management and treatment of SWS have not been published. Objective: This article consolidates the current literature with expert opinion to make recommendations to guide the neuroimaging evaluation and the management of the neurological and ophthalmologic features of SWS. Methods: Thirteen national peer-recognized experts in neurology, radiology, and ophthalmology with experience treating patients with SWS were assembled. Key topics and questions were formulated for each group and included (1) risk stratification, (2) indications for referral, and (3) optimum treatment strategies. An extensive PubMed search was performed of English language articles published in 2008 to 2018, as well as recent studies identified by the expert panel. The panel made clinical practice recommendations. Conclusions: Children with a high-risk facial port-wine birthmark (PWB) should be referred to a pediatric neurologist and a pediatric ophthalmologist for baseline evaluation and periodic follow-up. In newborns and infants with a high-risk PWB and no history of seizures or neurological symptoms, routine screening for brain involvement is not recommended, but brain imaging can be performed in select cases. Routine follow-up neuroimaging is not recommended in children with SWS and stable neurocognitive *** treatment of ophthalmologic complications, such as glaucoma, differs based on the age and clinical presentation of the patient. These recommendations will help facilitate coordinated care for patients with SWS and may improve patient outcomes. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.