关键词： Cerebral palsy   Ectopic pregnancy   Neurological morbidity   Pregnancy outcomes   Preterm birth   Subsequent pregnancy  

摘要： Purpose To evaluate perinatal outcomes and long-term neurological morbidity of offspring to mothers with a history of ectopic pregnancy. Methods In this retrospective study, perinatal outcomes and long-term neurological morbidity of offspring were assessed among mothers with a history of ectopic pregnancy, either medically or surgically treated. The study groups were followed until 18 years of age for neurological-related morbidity. For perinatal outcomes, generalized estimated equation (GEE) models were used to control for confounders. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to compare cumulative neurological morbidity incidence and Cox proportional hazards model was conducted to control for confounders. Results A total of 243,682 mothers were included;1424 mothers (0.58%) had a previous ectopic pregnancy, of which 25.6% (n = 365) were treated medically, and 74.3% (n = 1059) were treated surgically. Using GEE models, controlling for confounders, both surgically and medically treated ectopic pregnancies were noted as independent risk factors for preterm delivery in the subsequent pregnancies. Maternal history of surgically treated ectopic pregnancy was also independently associated with cesarean delivery. Offspring to mothers with previous ectopic pregnancy had comparable rates of long-term neurological morbidity. In the Cox proportional hazards model, controlling for confounders, being born to a mother with a history of previous ectopic pregnancy was not found to be independently associated with long-term neurological morbidity of offspring. Conclusions Maternal history of ectopic pregnancy is independently associated with preterm delivery. However, offspring of mothers with a history of ectopic pregnancy are not at an increased risk for long-term neurological morbidity.

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关键词： Electroencephalography   History of neurology   Kluver-Bucy syndrome   Mu rhythm  

摘要： This article provides a biographic and scientific profile of prof. Hrayr Terzian (Addis Abeba 1925-Verona 1988). In 1966, Terzian was appointed professor of the clinic of nervous and mental diseases in Cagliari, and in 1970 moved to Verona, where until his death he led the Neurology Clinic serving as the first rector of the local university. As a close friend of the psychiatrist Franco Basaglia (1924-1980), Terzian contributed to the reform of the Italian mental health system. His interests and scientific contributions were extremely broad. He was the first to describe the electroencephalographic changes induced by the antipsychotic chlorpromazine and, together with Henri Gastaut (1915-1995) and his wife Yvette, to describe the rolandic arched ("mu") rhythm. He contributed to elucidate the inhibitory mechanisms of the cerebellum on the antigravity postural tone and provided the first description of Kluver-Bucy syndrome in humans. Always attentive to the social and political aspects of medical practice, prof. Terzian achieved outstanding results both in experimental neurophysiology and in clinical neurology. Besides offering a tribute to Hrayr Terzian, this article provides a brief historical overview of the different clinical pictures caused by bilateral temporal lesions: from the first animal observations by Sanger Brown (1852-1928) and sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer (1850-1935), later confirmed and expanded upon by Heinrich Kluver (1897-1979) and Paul C. Bucy (1904-1992), to the first cases of bitemporal lesions in humans, including that of the famous patient H.M. (Henry Gustav Molaison, 1926-2008).

关键词： multidisciplinary collaboration   neurological deficits   ovarian cystadenoma   sciatic schwannomas  

摘要： Sciatic schwannomas (SSs) are extremely rare, and most are benign. Herein, we report a case of giant SSs in a woman who presented with abdominal pain. Because of the pain pattern and auxiliary examination findings, the patient was initially diagnosed with an ovarian cystadenoma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intrapelvic tumor. Histopathological examination confirmed that the mass was a benign intrapelvic schwannoma. Two days after complete tumor resection, the patients experience impaired mobility of the right lower limb. The tumor was 7 x 5.5 x 5 cm(3) in size and in contact with the sacrum. The patient was followed up for up to 2 years. No evidence of recurrence was observed in the MRI scan. Severe damages to the sciatic nerve during surgery resulted in permanent neurological deficits. Hence, we also discuss the diagnostic tools and treatments for intrapelvic SSs, as well as the importance of careful radiological examination and multidisciplinary collaboration.

摘要： In our study, we evaluated 52 consecutive patients with an established diagnosis of suspected iNPH with a screening magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the cervical *** we acknowledge the limitation of our small sample size and single surgeon, single institution study design, we believe that the co-incidence of myelopathy in this relatively small group of patients with iNPH is novel and of possible clinical significance and therefore deserves validation in larger sample sizes and at other institutions.[...]while this manuscript served as an initial report on the association between iNPH and cervical myelopathy, we completely agree that it would be optimal to perform objective gait testing following both surgeries, and hope to provide this information in a future manuscript.

关键词： COVID-19   Alpha-synuclein   Myoclonus   Parkinsonism   Virus   SARS-CoV-2  

摘要： SARS-CoV-2 infection can associate diverse neurological manifestations. Several studies have provided proof to support the theory of neurotropic involvement of SARS-CoV-2. Alpha-synuclein has been described as a native antiviral factor within neurons, and upregulation of this protein can be seen in animals that suffered other neuroinvasive infections. To assess if increased expression of this protein takes place in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms, we analyzed serum total alpha-synuclein levels in three groups: seven COVID-19 patients with myoclonus, Parkinsonism and/or encephalopathy;thirteen age- and sex-matched COVID-19 patients without neurological involvement and eight age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We did not find differences among them. In a subset of four patients, the change in serum alpha-synuclein before and after the onset of neurological symptoms was not significant either. Cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein levels were also similar between neurological COVID-19 and healthy controls. Overall, these results cannot support the hypothesis of alpha-synuclein upregulation in humans with neurological symptoms in COVID-19. Further research taking into account a larger group of COVID-19 patients including the whole spectrum of neurological manifestations and disease severity is needed.

关键词：     Subarachnoid hemorrhage   Endovascular   Perforation   Cerebral blood flow  

摘要： Objective: Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) change after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) is strongly associated with brain injuries such as early brain injury and delayed cerebral ischemia. We evaluated the correlation between CBF using Laser Speckle Flow Imaging (LSFI) after SAH and neurological findings in the sub-acute phase. Method: An SAH was induced by endovascular perforation in male mice. CBF was quantitatively measured by using LSFI at six time points, immediately to 14 days after SAH induction. Behavior tests and survival rate were evaluated. The mice were divided into recovery and hypo-perfusion groups according to their CBF at 1 day after the procedure. Result: Forty mice were included in this study. Five mice (20%) were included in the hypo-perfusion group, and the remaining 20 (80%) mice were classified as the recovery group. The decrease of CBF in the recovery group was observed until 1 day after the procedure. However, the decrease of CBF in the hypo-perfusion group was prolonged until 7 days after the procedure. Neurological findings and survival rates in the hypo-perfusion group were significantly worse than those in the recovery group. The low alternation cases (< 50%) in the Y maze test in the recovery group (n = 5) had significantly lower CBF at 1 day after the procedure. Conclusion: Low blood flow at 1 day after SAH was associated with worse survival rate, neurological findings, and memory disturbance. Early improvement in CBF may be associated with an improved prognosis after SAH.

关键词： Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis   ERK-1   2   Demyelination   Neurodegeneration   Neuroinflammation  

摘要： Cell signal transduction pathways are essential modulators of several physiological and pathological processes in the brain. During overactivation, these signaling processes may lead to disease progression. Abnormal protein kinase activation is associated with several biological dysfunctions that facilitate neurodegeneration under different biological conditions. As a result, these signaling pathways are essential in understanding brain disorders' development or progression. Recent research findings indicate the crucial role of extracellular signal regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK-1/2) signaling during the neuronal development process. ERK-1/2 is a key component of its mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) group, controlling certain neurological activities by regulating metabolic pathways, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. ERK-1/2 also influences neuronal elastic properties, nerve growth, and neurological and cognitive processing during brain injuries. The primary goal of this review is to elucidate the activation of ERK1/2 signaling, which is involved in the development of several ALS-related neuropathological dysfunctions. ALS is a rare neurological disorder category that mainly affects the nerve cells responsible for regulating voluntary muscle activity. ALS is progressive, which means that the symptoms are getting worse over time, and there is no cure for ALS and no effective treatment to avoid or reverse. Genetic abnormalities, oligodendrocyte degradation, glial overactivation, and immune deregulation are associated with ALS progression. Furthermore, the current review also identifies ERK-1/2 signaling inhibitors that can promote neuroprotection and neurotrophic effects against the clinical-pathological presentation of ALS. As a result, in the future, the potential ERK-1/2 signaling inhibitors could be used in the treatment of ALS and related neurocomplications.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease   Genetics of the nervous system   Predictive markers  

摘要： Yang et al. generated a genomic atlas of protein levels in brain, cerebrospinal fluid and plasma and used human genetics approaches to identify proteins implicated in neurological diseases as well as druggable targets. Understanding the tissue-specific genetic controls of protein levels is essential to uncover mechanisms of post-transcriptional gene regulation. In this study, we generated a genomic atlas of protein levels in three tissues relevant to neurological disorders (brain, cerebrospinal fluid and plasma) by profiling thousands of proteins from participants with and without Alzheimer's disease. We identified 274, 127 and 32 protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) for cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and brain, respectively. cis-pQTLs were more likely to be tissue shared, but trans-pQTLs tended to be tissue specific. Between 48.0% and 76.6% of pQTLs did not co-localize with expression, splicing, DNA methylation or histone acetylation QTLs. Using Mendelian randomization, we nominated proteins implicated in neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and stroke. This first multi-tissue study will be instrumental to map signals from genome-wide association studies onto functional genes, to discover pathways and to identify drug targets for neurological diseases.

关键词： Fatigue   Neurological Fatigue Index   outcome assessment   reliability and validity   stroke  

摘要： Objective: To test the psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the Neurological Fatigue Index-Stroke (C-NFI-Stroke) in stroke survivors. Design: This was a validation study. Cross-cultural adaptation of the scale was conducted according to standard guidelines. Reliability, validity, responsiveness, and interpretability were measured. Setting: Self-help groups and a community center. Subjects: One hundred and twelve Chinese stroke survivors and 65 healthy Chinese older people living in the community. Interventions: Not applicable. Main measures: The C-NFI-Stroke, Fatigue Severity Scale, Mental Fatigue Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Geriatric Depression Scale were used. Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.69-0.88;the item-level agreement was 70.4%-88.9%;the weighted Kappa value was 0.47-0.79;and the intra-class correlation coefficients were 0.88-0.93. The C-NFI-Stroke had no ceiling and floor effects. It had good content validity and had two factors, "lack of energy" and "tiredness/weakness." The confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit to the model. The C-NFI-Stroke significantly correlated with existing fatigue scales (r(s) = 0.55-0.63), self-efficacy (r(s) = -0.31 to -0.37), and depressive symptoms (r(s) = 0.53-0.60). The C-NFI-Stroke could discern differences between stroke survivors and healthy older people. Conclusions: The C-NFI-Stroke is a reliable and valid tool for clinical and research use on people who have been diagnosed with stroke for a year or more, although its factor structure differs from that of the original English version.