关键词： physician workforce   primary care   hospitalists   internal medicine  

摘要： BACKFGROUND: The health care marketplace has changed substantially since the last assessment of demand for internal medicine physicians in 1996. METHODS: We reviewed internal medicine employment advertisements published in 4 major medical journals between 1996 and 2004. The number of positions, specialty, and other practice characteristics (e.g., location) were collected from each advertisement. RESULTS: Four thousand two hundred twenty-four advertisements posted 4,992 positions. Of these positions, jobs in the Northeast (31% of positions) or single specialty groups (36.8% of positions) were most common. The relative proportion of advertisements for nephrologists declined (P <.001), while the relative proportions of advertisements for critical care specialists (0.5% in 1996 to 1.7% in 2004, P=.004) and hospitalists (1.0% in 1996 to 12.1% in 2004, P <.001) increased. Advertisements for outpatient-based generalist positions (i.e., Primary Care and Internal Medicine) declined (-2.7% relative annual change, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] -4.1%, -1.2%) between 1996 and 2004, a decrease largely due to a substantial decline in advertisements noted between 1996 and 1998. However, over the entire time period, the combined proportion of advertisements for all generalists (hospitalists and outpatient-based generalists) did not change (0.5% relative annual change, 95% CI -0.8% to 2.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Since 1996, demand for the majority of medical subspecialties has remained constant while relative demand has decreased for primary care and increased for hospitalists and critical care. Increase in demand for generalist-trained hospitalists appears to have offset falling demand for outpatient generalists.

关键词： 内科学   外科学  

ISBN: (纸本)753772847X

摘要： 本书分为内科基本技能操作和外科基本技能操作。具体内容包括头部检查、腹部检查、皮内注射法、心电图机的使用、三腔管压迫止血技术、手臂消毒、戴无菌手套等。

关键词： INTERNAL medicine   RESIDENTS (Medicine)   PHYSICIANS   MEDICAL personnel   MEDICAL care   ENVIRONMENTAL health  

摘要： Graduates of military internal medicine residency programs are required to have the necessary knowledge and skills to function as internists, military physicians, and military medical leaders. The global war on terrorism has increased the role internists are playing in combat theaters as they fill multiple different military medical positions including battalion, brigade, and division surgeons as well as physicians in echelon I, II, and III medical facilities. Along with general internists, internal medicine subspecialists, pediatricians, and family physicians also fill these roles. Although internal medicine training provides a broad-based knowledge to care for adults, it does not provide significant training in combat casualty care, detainee health care, or environmental health. To overcome many of these perceived shortfalls, we developed the 3-day deployment course for graduating internal medicine residents outlined in this article. Through a combination of didactic and hands-on training, militarily relevant medical knowledge and skills necessary to function at echelon I and II levels of care were provided. Residents uniformly accepted the course with measurable increase in their fund of knowledge at the completion of the course.

关键词： geriatric medicine education   internal medicine   graduate medical education  

摘要： Patients aged 65 and older account for 39% of ambulatory visits to internal medicine physicians. This article describes the progress made in training internal medicine residents to care for older Americans. Program directors in internal medicine residency programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education were surveyed in the spring of 2005. Findings from this survey were compared with those from a similar 2002 survey to determine whether any changes had occurred. A 60% response rate was achieved (n = 235). In these 3-year residency training programs, 20 programs (9%) required less than 2 weeks of clinical instruction that was specifically structured to teach geriatric care principles, 48 (21%) at least 2 weeks but less than 4 weeks, 144 (62%) at least 4 weeks but less than 6 weeks, and 21 (9%) required 6 or more weeks. As in 2002, internal medicine residency programs continue to depend on nursing home facilities, geriatric preceptors in nongeriatric clinical ambulatory settings, and outpatient geriatric assessment centers for their geriatrics training. Training was most often offered in a block format. The mean number of physician faculty per residency program dedicated to teaching geriatric medicine was 3.5 full-time equivalents (FTEs) (range 0-50), compared with a mean of 2.2 FTE faculty in 2002 (P <=.001). Internal medicine educators are continuing to improve the training of residents so that, as they become practicing physicians, they will have the knowledge and skills in geriatric medicine to care for older adults.

ISBN: (纸本)7509101646

关键词： Disease Management   Humans   Internal Medicine   Internship and Residency   Obesity   Overweight  

关键词： benzodiazepine   discontinuation   major depression   serotonin reuptake inhibitor   withdrawal symptoms  

摘要： Chronic benzodiazepine (BDZ) users often have difficulty with BDZ withdrawal. To examine clinical effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) on tapering BDZ use in non-depressive patients, 97 outpatients with a history of BDZ use for at least 3 months were recruited at an internal medicine clinic of a university hospital. After the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) clinical interviews for screening major depression, 66 outpatients (68%) without the DSM-IV major depression were randomly assigned to one of three groups: SSRI-assisted BDZ-reduction group (10-20 mg of paroxetine, n = 22), simple BDZ-reduction group (no paroxetine, n = 23), and reference group (no BDZ-reduction, n = 21). A standardized 8-week program involving gradual BDZ discontinuation was performed in the two BDZ-reduction groups. The Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression (HAM-D) and Anxiety (HAM-A) and the BDZ Withdrawal Symptom Questionnaire were assessed during the intervention period. Those with major depression were excluded from the BDZ-reduction intervention and treated with a different protocol of medication. In total, 10 (45.5%) in the SSRI-assisted BDZ-reduction group (n = 22) succeeded in becoming BDZ-free after completing the program, whereas only four (17.4%) in the simple BDZ-reduction group (n = 23) succeeded. The assistance of the SSRI significantly predicted the success of becoming BDZ-free (P = 0.023), controlling for the effects of age, gender, period of BDZ use, and baseline HAM-D and HAM-A scores. The score changes on the three questionnaires were comparable (all P > 0.05) among the three groups during the intervention period. The use of SSRI may have beneficial effects on BDZ withdrawal without the worsening of mood states in cases without major depression.

ISBN: (纸本)750910226X

关键词： Internship and Residency   Adult   Biological Markers   Blood Flow Velocity   Brachial Artery   C-Reactive Protein   Cross-Over Studies   Endothelium   Vascular   Female   Humans   Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1   Interleukin-6   Internal Medicine   Male   Norepinephrine   Prospective Studies   Single-Blind Method   Sleep Disorders   Circadian Rhythm   Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha   Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1   Work Schedule Tolerance  

摘要： A letter to the editor is presented that shows original research regarding the influence of extended work shifts on physicians.

关键词： 内科学   血管生成在2型糖尿病大血管病变发生中的作用   酶联免疫吸附测定   新生血管形成   动脉粥样硬化   内皮抑素   血管内皮生长因子  

摘要： 目的探讨内皮抑素和血管内皮生长因子与2型糖尿病大血管病变发生的关系。方法用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测100例2型糖尿病患者(34例2型糖尿病无合并症、40例伴发一种大血管病变、26例伴发多种大血管病变)和30例正常对照者血清内皮抑素和血管内皮生长因子表达水平的变化。结果内皮抑素和血管内皮生长因子在2型糖尿病大血管病变各组(包括合并一种大血管病变组、合并两种以上大血管病变组)血清含量分别显著高于2型糖尿病无合并症和正常对照组(内皮抑素为32.4±15.6μg/L和35.1±20.2μg/L比11.2±8.6μg/L和9.9±6.7μg/L;血管内皮生长因子为133.5±36.8ng/L和302.1±52.4ng/L比90.2±42.4ng/L和81.3±33.5ng/L,P<0.01),两者在正常对照和2型糖尿病无合并症组间比较差异不显著;血管内皮生长因子在伴发一种大血管病变、多种大血管病变组间比较表达水平显著上调(133.5±36.8ng/L比302.1±52.4ng/L,P<0.01),而内皮抑素的表达差异不显著;在2型糖尿病伴发一种大血管病变组,内皮抑素和血管内皮生长因子成显著正相关(r=0.540,P<0.01)。结论血管内皮生长因子的表达水平与2型糖尿病大血管病变程度密切相关,内皮抑素和血管内皮生长因子可能以自稳态调节机制参与动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展。