关键词： 中华   科学杂志  

关键词： 内科学   吡格列酮   2型糖尿病   急性心肌梗死   基质金属蛋白酶9   C反应蛋白  

摘要： 目的探讨老年2型糖尿病患者口服吡格列酮对发生急性心肌梗死时血清基质金属蛋白酶9和C反应蛋白浓度的影响。方法选择合并2型糖尿病的老年急性心肌梗死患者37例,按发病前有无口服吡格列酮分为吡格列酮组(17例)和急性心肌梗死组(20例),另选择老年健康体检者23例作为对照组,抽血测定三组血清基质金属蛋白酶9和C反应蛋白的浓度,并进行比较。结果与对照组相比,急性心肌梗死组血清基质金属蛋白酶9(396.5±67.3μg/L比290.8±75.5μg/L)和C反应蛋白浓度(8.73±2.59 mg/L比3.21±1.11 mg/L)明显升高,吡格列酮可降低血清基质金属蛋白酶9浓度(339.2±79.8μg/L)和C反应蛋白浓度(6.33±2.25 mg/L)。结论吡格列酮可降低老年急性心肌梗死患者血清基质金属蛋白酶9和C反应蛋白水平,提示吡格列酮在改善胰岛素敏感性之外还对心血管系统有益。

关键词： iatrogenic disease   incidence   internal medicine department   prospective study   risk factors  

摘要： Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence, main causes, and risk factors of iatrogenic disease occurring in a department of internal medicine. Methods: Over a 1-year period, physicians systematically filled out a 2-page questionnaire for all patients admitted to the ward. A database was created and the data were statistically analyzed. Patients undergoing immunosuppressive, chemo-, or radiation therapy were excluded. Missing data were completed by reviewing the patients' charts. The patients were then divided into two groups: those with and those without iatrogenic disease. The groups were compared using several parameters including gender, age, social features, days of hospitalization, associated illness, functional status, medical impression, prognosis, associated renal or liver function impairment, drugs taken daily, and outcome. In the group with iatrogenic disease, the type, severity, and predictability were also analyzed. Results: Of the 879 patients admitted to the ward, 445 completed questionnaires and were included in the study. A total of 102 patients (22.9%) developed 121 iatrogenic events. Forty-four patients (43.1%) were admitted for iatrogenic illness, 10 (9.8%) developed life-threatening events, and in 3 (6.8%) it was the cause of death. Fifty-eight patients (56.8%) registered 77 episodes of iatrogenic disease during their hospital stay, 20 (19.6%) developed life-threatening events, and 9 (11.7%) died, 4 (5.2%) of an iatrogenic cause (nosocomial infections). Significant differences were found in 20 out of 26 parameters studied (p<0.005 for all cases;95% confidence interval). Eighteen percent of all iatrogenic disease was severe, 61.9% predictable, 54.5% avoidable, and 59% drug-related, 80% of which was due to side effects or adverse reactions. Infection and metabolic and electrolyte disorders were the most frequent effects. Conclusions: It is possible to identify risk factors for iatrogenic events. Chronically ill elderly inpatie

摘要： Ogden et al discusses high-fidelity simulation, a full-body mannequin robots that breathe, talk, blink, and respond physiologically "like a real person." This simulation provides an opportunity to compress the learning time in medicine through a high quality experiential learning environment. The curriculum can be taught in a reproducible and emotionally engaging manner that significantly enhances understanding and retention, and reduces gaps in knowledge and skills.

关键词： co-morbidity   internal medicine   complexity   elderly  

摘要： Internal medicine patients are mostly elderly;they have multiple co-morbidities, which are usually chronic, rather than self-limiting or acute diseases. Neither administrative indicators nor co-morbidity indexes, though validated in elderly patients, are able to completely define these "complex" patients or to allow physicians to correctly "cope" with them. For the complex patients found in internal medicine wards, internists need not only to find the best diagnosis and treatment, but also to apply a complex intervention (i.e., a comprehensive assessment and both continuous and multi-disciplinary care) in order to maintain their health and ability to function and to prevent or delay disability, frailty, and displacement from home and community. The aim of this review is to underscore the differences between the concepts of co-morbidity and complexity, to discuss instruments for their measurement, and to highlight related implications, areas of uncertainty, and the responsibilities of internists in the assessment and management of inpatients of their wards. The conclusion we come to is that it is mandatory to shift from a finance/administrative-based management system to a clinical process model (clinical governance) driven by the quality of the medical outcome and the cost of achieving that outcome. From a "complexity theory" standpoint, patient-centered care and collaboration can be seen as simple rules that guide desirable behaviors in a complex system. By exploring the real complexity of our patients, we exercise the holistic, anthropologic medicine of the person that is internal medicine. (C) 2007 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 临床医学  

ISBN: (纸本)9787030519559

摘要： 本书为临床、预防、基础、口腔、麻醉、影像、护理、法医类专业医学生见习必备指导书。全书涵盖了呼吸系统疾病、循环系统疾病、消化系统疾病、泌尿系统疾病、血液系统疾病、内分泌疾病、代谢疾病、风湿免疫性疾病、中毒等69个病症、6个临床技能操作、37个单元（148学时）的见习及知识精要，还提供了复习思考题。

关键词： B-cell lymphoproliferation   HCV   Mixed cryoglobulinemia   Systemic vasculitis  

摘要： Like other hepatotropic viruses, hepatitis C virus (HCV) exhibits the property of inducing hepatocellular damage, possibly through induction of immune mechanisms that lead to hepatocellular necrosis. The early activated mechanisms include production of non-specific and specific antibodies, which represent the first line of defence against invading foreign pathogens. As a consequence, circulating immune complexes are promptly formed and antigen uptake and processing by specialized cells are enhanced. A major fraction of circulating immunoglobulins (Igs) are part of the spectrum of so-called "natural" antibodies, which include anti-idiotypic antibodies and molecules with rheumatoid factor (RF) activity. They mainly belong to the IgM class, are polyclonal and have no intrinsic pathogenetic potential. In 20-30% of HCV-infected patients, RFs share characteristics of high affinity molecules, are monoclonal in nature, and result in the production of cold-precipitating immune complexes and mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC). The persistent production of monoclonal RF molecules implies the existence of a further mechanism capable of restricting the reactivity and reflects a distinct selection of a cell population that can be maintained throughout life because it is continuously exposed to antigen pressure. Either polyclonal or monoclonal profiles of B-cell expansion are demonstrable in the liver of the majority of HCV-infected patients. The frequent detection of oligoclonal B cell expansion may, indeed, represent a key pathobiologic feature which sustains non-malignant B-cell lymphoproliferation. The preferential expansion of one clone would in turn lead to a monoclonal pattern, which could favor stochastic oncogenic events. Thus, it can be postulated that HCV is the stimulus not only for the apparent benign lymphoproliferative process underlying a wide spectrum of clinical features, but also for the progression to frank lymphoid malignancy in a subgroup of patients. © 2007 Editric

ISBN: (纸本)9787561438305

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摘要： 《中华现代内科学杂志》为中华临床医药学会主办的内科专业学术刊物。本刊为月刊,具有ISSN/CN标准刊号;被美国化学·文摘(CODEN:ZXNZAY)、波兰哥白尼索引、中文生物医学期刊文献数据库、中国生物医学期刊引文数据库、国家科技部《中文科技期刊数据库》、中华首席医学网等收录,国内外读者均可在中华首席医学网免费阅读杂志全文。主要栏目:专论、内科论坛、论著、综述与讲座、临床医学、经验交流、心电图分析、临床病理(病例)讨论、实验研究、中西医结合、中医中药、特检与临床、药物与临床、内科护理、误诊分析、病例报告、医院感染地等。