摘要： Pooled normal bat serum was separated by gel filtration to give fractions rich in IgG-, IgA- and IgM-like proteins. These fractions were analogous to the corresponding human Ig classes by immunoelectrophoresis and SDS [sodium dodecyl sulfate]-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Rabbits were immunized with the fractions and the antisera absorbed. Neotropical bats (A. lituratus) were infected with Histoplasma capsulatum and serum samples were collected weekly and tested for specific serologic response to the fungus. A radial immunodiffusion test was devised to monitor changes in concentrations of IgG, IgA and IgM in the same sera. Bats infected with a low dose of fungus had significantly increased levels of IgM and IgA between 2-6 wk postinfection. Bats receiving a high dose maintained elevated levels of IgM and IgA through the end of the study. Significantly elevated levels of IgG were not detected until late in the disease (8-9 wk). In bats with histoplasmosis, IgM and IgA appeared to contribute primarily to the early positive serologies, while precipitating antibodies of the IgG class were detectable later in the disease. These results are similar to the serologic profile seen in human histoplasmosis and extend the understanding of comparative immune responses in an important wildlife reservoir of human mycotic pathogens.

关键词： Animals   Chiroptera/microbiology   Rabies virus/isolation & purification   South Africa  

关键词： 蝙蝠   病毒分离   抗体   阳性   流行性乙型脑炎病毒   乙脑病毒  

摘要： 流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)是对人、畜危害性较大的一种急性传染病。近年来调查证明,蚊子是传播媒介,猪是主要病主,蚊—猪是乙脑病毒在自然循环的基本环节。在热带、亚热带蚊子经年活

关键词： Public Health   Veterinary Medicine   Rabies   Rabies Virus   Test Biologiques  

摘要： Rabies virus was isolated from apparently normal blood-sucking (Desmodus rotundus) and insectivorous (Artibeus planirostris) bats caught in Bolivia. The virus was identified by immunofluorescence, biological and sero-neutralisation tests.

关键词： Ether   Sucrose   Encephalitis   Virus Isolation   Protamine  

摘要： Virus isolation was attempted from the blood, spleen, liver and kidneys of bats. Nine viruses (1.1%) were isolated so far from 838 bats collected in different places in Japan. Two of the isolates (TOK-1350 and TOK-1362) were isolated from Vespertilio supernas collected in Fukushima Prefecture. They killed suckling mice within 3-5 days after intracerebral inoculation. The remaining 7 isolates were all filtrable through Millipore filters (0.22 .mu.) and were pathogenic for suckling mice but not adults. One of 7 strains (KY-5) was ether resistant and another (TOK-292) was partially ether resistant and both were resistant to sodium deoxycholate (SDC);another (KY-663) was partially resistant to SDC. The sucrose-acetone (SA) antigen of each new isolate did not show hemagglutination (HA) with goose red cells, even after protamine or ultrasonic treatment. Complement fixing (CF) activity was found in 4 of the 7 strains. Both TOK-949 and VS-208 were collected at the same place and probably have the same CF activity. The remaining 5 strains are apparently different. Both YF-17D and Rio Bravo gave high HI [hemagglutination-inhibition] titer with antisera against KY-5, TOK-949, TOK-1280, VS-820 and VeJ-822. They seemed to be flaviviruses although they were distinct from Japanese encephalitis virus (JEF) strains. From 1-10% of bat sera contained antibody against JEV.

关键词： Rabies virus   Rabies   Antiserum   Viral morphology   Cell culture techniques   Bats   Suckling   Mice   Dose response relationship  

摘要： Rabies-related Mokola and Lagos bat rhabdoviruses produced heterogeneous plaque populations after growth in BHK/21 cells. Three plaque clones of each virus differed in plaque morphology, pathogenicity for mice, capacity for replication at elevated temperatures of incubation, and degree of inactivation by antiserum to rabies virus. Although each type of clone was thrice clone-purified, certain clones continued to produce diverse types of plaques; further selection of plaque variants revealed continuous spontaneous alteration of several phenotypic characters. Two Mokola clones yielded subclones of widely diverse plaque morphology; nonpathogenic clone no. 1 yielded both pathogenic and nonpathogenic plaque variants. Mouse-pathogenic Lagos clone no. 3 also yielded subclones differing widely in plaque morphology and temperature sensitivity. Several subclones of Lagos clone no. 3 were either apathogenic for mice or different from the parental virus in length of incubation period in vivo or in dose-response pattern of the death curve. All subclones of Lagos and Mokola virus retained antigens that cross-reacted with antiserum to rabies virus. Attempts to select or induce variants that did not react with rabies antiserum were unsuccessful.

关键词： Infectious Disease   Encephalitis   Virus Strain   Inhibition Test   Yellow Fever  

摘要： A virus strain was isolated fromVespertilio pipistrellus Schreber, 1775 while examining bats in Sokuluksk region of the Kirghiz S.S.R. in 1970. Hemagglutination inhibition tests indicated that the virus ranged among group B arboviruses. It differed essentially in complement fixation and neutralization tests from 30 viruses of the B group: Entebbe bat; Bukalasa bat; Dakar bat; Kadam; Modoc; Spondweni; Ilheus; Japanese, St. Louis, Murray Vallay and tick-borne encephalitis; Kyasanur Forest disease; Powassan; Langat; Tyuleniy; West Nile; Bussuquara; Cowbone Ridge, Uganda S; SAH-336; Kokobera; yellow fever; Dengue, types 1 and 2; Wesselsbron; Edge Hill; Alfuy; Stratford; Zika; Potuskum. It may be concluded that Sokuluk virus is a new group B virus. Complement-fixing antibodies were not found in sera of 150 cows and 200 sheep but they were detected in 0.6 percent of 579 human sera in the Kirghiz S.S.R.

关键词： Rabies   Rabies virus   Inoculation   Antibodies   Ascitic Fluid   Mice   Virology   Epidemiology   Frontal lobe  

摘要： Two members of the rabies serogroup, Lagos bat virus and Mokola virus (IbAn 27377), were inoculated into dogs and monkeys by the intracerebral (ic) or im route. Both viruses produced fatal infections when inoculated ic; both viruses were less pathogenic when inoculated extraneurally. Virologic and fluorescent-antibody studies showed that these two agents are similar to rabies virus in their predilection for the central nervous system, salivary glands, and pancreas. In sera of dogs inoculated with Lagos bat or Mokola virus, neutralizing antibodies were found to these two viruses and to rabies virus. In the sera of monkeys inoculated with Lagos bat or Mokola virus, neutralizing antibodies were found to these two viruses only and not to rabies virus. Significant cross-reactivity was observed among Lagos bat, Mokola, and rabies viruses by the indirect fluorescent-antibody test when antigen from necropsied animals and murine hyperimmune reagents were used.

关键词： Infectious Disease  

关键词： Animals   Antigens, Viral/analysis   Brain/microbiology   Chiroptera   Disease Reservoirs   Fluorescent Antibody Technique   Fluorescent Antibody Technique   Kidney/microbiology   Lung/microbiology   Mice   Nasal Mucosa/microbiology   Rabies/etiology   Rabies/microbiology   Rabies/veterinary   Rabies virus/immunology   Rabies virus/isolation & purification   Salivary Glands/microbiology  

摘要： Rabies virus was demonstrated in the olfactory mucosa of naturally infected bats by staining with fluorescent antibody and by isolation of the virus from the nasal tissues. The olfactory mucosa is a potential portal of entry and exit for airborne rabies virus in bat caves.