关键词： IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELLS   BAT   SCANNING EM   MEMBRANE FLUIDITY   MACROPHAGES   B-CELLS   T-CELLS  

摘要： Immunocompetent cells of the Indian fruit bat (P. giganteus) were characterized by differential surface adhesiveness and surface topography. We observed three cell types: (1) plastic adherent with pseudopodia;(2) nylon wool adherent with small microvilli and pits;and (3) a nylon wool nonadherent with comparatively smooth surfaces. These cell types resemble, respectively, macrophages, B cells and T cells of other mammals, including mice and humans. The disposition of microvilli on the B-type cell surface changes significantly after immunization, which suggests modulation of the molecular organization of the cell membrane and its fluidity. The proportions of these three cell types are not much different from those found in mice. Follicular dendritic cells, capable of retaining antigen for long periods in mice, have also been detected in bats. Further characterization of immunocompetent cells will help in understanding the mechanism of immune responses in bats.

关键词： 乙型脑炎病毒   蝙蝠   自然感染  

摘要： 流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)是一种危害较大的自然疫源性疾病。在本病流行病学研究方面,国内外做了大量工作。明确了三带喙库蚊是主要传播媒介,猪是主要扩散宿主,并对长期宿主和流行预测进行了多方面的探索。为进一步了解乙脑病毒如何在自然界长期保存,我们于1986和1988年的7～8月在本省捕捉蝙蝠进行病毒分离及血清抗体调查,结果如下。

关键词： 乙脑病毒   自然感染   长期保存   滴度   效价   蝙蝠   棕果蝠   中和试验   病毒分离   病毒抗原   免疫血清  

摘要： 人们对流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)长期宿主和流行预测进行了多方面的探索。为进一步阐明乙脑病毒如何在自然界长期保存,我们于1986和1988年7～8月在本省捕捉蝙蝠进行病毒分离及血清抗体检查,结果报告于后。

关键词： Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism   Animals   Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/physiology   Cerebral Arteries/innervation   Chiroptera/physiology   Immunohistochemistry   Immunohistochemistry   Microscopy, Fluorescence   Neurokinin A/physiology   Neurons, Afferent/enzymology   Species Specificity   Staining and Labeling   Staining and Labeling   Substance P/physiology  

摘要： The distribution and origin of nerves with calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P or neurokinin A immunoreactivity in the walls of the cerebral arteries were investigated in three microchiropteran species. The supply of nerves immunoreactive for substance P and neurokinin A to the bat cerebral arteries is confined mostly to the vertebral and basilar arteries. The density of innervation of calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive nerves and that of nerves with substance P or neurokinin A immunoreactivity in the vertebrobasilar system differ among species: the Japanese large footed bat is innervated with nerves with calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P and neurokinin A immunoreactivity with about the same density, whereas in the greater horseshoe bat, there are many substance P-immunoreactive nerves with very weak or no calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity, and in the bent-winged bat, calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity is not found in all nerves with substance P immunoreactivity in the pial arteries of all parts of the brain. Nearly all cells immunoreactive for substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide or both in the trigeminal and cervical dorsal root ganglia were small. In the greater horseshoe bat and the bent-winged bat, there is a correlation between the level of expression of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in the cervical dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia and the cerebral perivascular nerves supplying the vertebrobasilar system. The cerebrovascular innervation of nerves with substance P immunoreactivity in small bats is similar to that of cats and guinea-pigs in which the trigeminal ganglia have been destroyed. These observations, in addition to absence of nerve cells showing substance P or calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in the pial artery and in the nerve bundles accompanying the extracranial internal carotid and vertebral arteries, suggest that substance P-imm

关键词： 甲状腺滤泡   生长激素释放抑制因子   甲状腺泡   降钙素基因相关肽   免疫细胞化学   免疫学   滤泡旁细胞   蝙蝠   超微   物质   定位  

摘要： 作者用电子显微镜免疫细胞化学测定在其每年生命周期的冬眠前相捕捉的蝙蝠甲状腺滤泡中4种肽:降钙素、生长激素释放抑制因子、降钙素相关肽和P物质等元素的细胞内定位和分布,以前的研究表明,在这冬眠活动周期的期间以滤泡旁细胞积聚和储存分泌颗粒为特征。用直接地对胶性金颗粒偶合亲和力纯证的继发性抗血清方法鉴别4种肽的每种原发性抗血清的结合部位。在检测的

关键词： 基孔肯雅病毒   蝙蝠   血清抗体  

摘要： 1986年7月,从捕自云南省西双版纳地区的棕果蝙蝠脑组织中分离出1株病毒,经理化、生物学性状及血清学鉴定,为基孔肯雅病毒,此为我国首次报道,用血凝抑制试验测定人及动物血清基孔肯雅病毒抗体,健康人阳性率为6.93％(70/1010),恒河猴为2.45％(5/204),猪为4.08％(8/197),表明云南省人及动物中存在本病毒感染。

关键词： Duvenhage virus   rabies   bats  

摘要： Isolates of rabies from separate enzootics can be distinghished by their reactions with panels of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed to different sites on the nucleocapsid and glycoproteins of the virus. Estimates of antigenic relatedness can be made by comparing similarities amogn groups. In this manner it can be shown that while classic strains of rabies react with most of the mAbs, the rabies related Lyssaviruses (Mokola, Lagos and Duvenhage) react with only a few of the mAbs and isolates of rabies from Eptesicus serotinus bats in Europe are intermediate between the two groups. Mice immunized intraperitoneally with human diploid vaccine (HDCV) or animal vaccines (Rabisin and Rabiffa) were protected against a challenge with DBV, DUV-1 and most classic rabies strains. HDCV gave only partial protection against human virus isolates, from Finland and Saudi Arabia. The HDCV did not protect mice against challenges with Lagos bat or Mokola virus (rabies-like viruses). The animal vaccines, however, did protect mice against Lagos bat virus, but not against Mokola. Dogs immunized with Rabisin were protected against and intracerebral challenge with DBV. Dogs developed rabies-neutralizing antibody titres after intramuscular or intravenous inoculation with live DBV or DUV-1 virus;these dogs were protected against an intramuscular canine street rabies virus challenge. We conclude that the rabies vaccines tested protect against DBV/DUV-1 and classic street rabies strains, but not Mokola.

关键词： 拟青霉   ConA诱导的抑制性T细胞   自发性抑制性T细胞   调节细胞  

摘要： 采用（3H）-TdR（胸腺嘧啶核苷）掺入法,观察了蝙蝠蛾拟青霉人工发酵培养物（简称拟青霉）对小鼠T细胞及其亚群功能的影响。结果拟青霉能显著抑制小鼠淋巴细胞转化反应;在体外能显著增强刀豆索A（ConA）诱导的小鼠抑制性T细胞的功能,无淋巴细胞毒性作用;在体内显著增强自发性抑制性T细胞的功能。结果提示拟青霉能选择性地作用于Ts细胞亚群而发挥免疫调节作用。

关键词： 拟青霉   EA花结形成率   同种异体植皮   小鼠耳后心脏移植  

摘要： 采用人血T淋巴细胞EA花结形成试验,以及小鼠同种异体植皮及耳后心脏移植等法,观察了蝙蝠蛾拟青霉人工发酵培养物(简称拟青霉)对人体细胞免疫以及小鼠组织移植抗排斥反应的影响。结果证明拟青霉能显著抑制EA花结形成率,延长小鼠移植皮片及移植心脏的存活期,对骨髓、脾脏均无影响。对胸腺呈可复性的抑制作用,毒性极低,提示拟青霉对T细胞系统具有特异的免疫抑制作用,呈现较好的抗排斥反应。

摘要： Rabies virus strains isolated from a European bat (Eptesicus serotinus) in Denmark (DBV), a North American big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) in New York State (NY-bat), and a human in South Africa (Duvenhage strain (DUV-1)) were studied by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and by inoculating mice, cats, and dogs. The ten Danish virus isolates from the same bat species reacted identically with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Immunofluorescence, monoclonal antibody, and histopathologic studies showed that the Danish bat isolates were similar to Duvenhage, and to some degree, to classical rabies virus. All isolates produced fatal infections in mice when inoculated by the intracerebral, footpad, and oral routes. Dogs and cats inoculated intracerebrally with the DBV and DUV-1 virus strains died of rabies-like illnesses within 10 days. Although no dogs that were inoculated intramuscularly or intravenously showed signs of disease, all developed neutralizing antibodies and resisted challenge with lethal dose of street rabies virus. All dogs inoculated with the NY-bat virus, with the exception of those inoculated intravenously, showed classical signs of rabies and one of the intramuscularly inoculated dogs recovered. Cats inoculated intramuscularly also died of rabies-like illness within 15 days. At necropsy, rabies antigen was detected by immunofluorescence in frozen sections of several organs, including brain and salivary glands. Histopathologic and electron microscopic studies of the central nervous system of mice, dogs and cats that died of DBV infection showed neuronal cytoplasmic changes considered to be a form of spongiosis.