关键词： FMRFAMIDE   LHRH   neuropeptides   immunocytochemistry   terminal nerve   forebrain   bat   Eptesicus  

摘要： The coexistence of molluscan cardioexcitatory neuropeptide (FMRFAMIDE) and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) was studied in the nervous system of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, with immunocytochemistry. Within mammals, this is the first report of the coexistence of these neuropeptides in the terminal nerve. In juvenile and adult bats, both neuropeptides are distributed identically throughout the terminal nerve (tn), and they coexist in many parts of the prosencephalon from the olfactory bulb as far caudally as the interpeduncular nucleus. Peripherally, on the basal surface of the forebrain, fibers and a few perikarya, which may belong to the tn, form a loose plexus. Within the brain wall, regions of maximal immunoreactivity (ir) are the habenula, medial preoptic area, arcuate nucleus, and the infundibulum. Whereas in most areas of the prosencephalon (e.g., stria terminalis and bed nuclei, amygdaloid complex) fibers show stronger immunoreactivity to FMRFAMIDE, labeling of fibers in the habenula and infundibulum is largely identical for both neuropeptides. The arcuate nucleus contains a large number of perikarya and is the major source of both FMRFAMIDE- and LHRH-ir within the forebrain. A number of fibers run along the ependyma of the ventricular system and seem to terminate here;this is particularly evident in the median eminence and infundibular stalk. In the big brown bat, there seems to exist a continuum of FMRFAMIDE- and LHRH-ir throughout the tn and those structures of the forebrain that are known to be engaged in the control of mating behavior, reproduction, and rhythmicity Concerning the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis, the arcuate nucleus may serve as a central hub between the olfactory/terminal input and superior areas including the limbic system. In contrast to LHRH immunoreactivity, FMRFAMIDE-like ir extends throughout the brainstem and cervical spinal cord. This system may also be involved in the processing and modulation of autonom

关键词： lyssavirus   rhabdovirus   Australian   Pteropid bat  

摘要： A novel lyssavirus isolated from Pteropid bats in Australia (Australian Bat Lyssavirus, ABLV) has been characterised using gene sequence analyses, electron microscopy and a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Electron microscopic examination of Pteropid bat and mouse brain material as well as virus isolated from tissue culture medium, showed the presence of bullet-shaped rhabdovirus particles and structures characteristic of lyssavirus. Analysis using nucleocapsid (N) specific monoclonal antibodies, showed a strong relationship between this new lyssavirus and serotype 1 rabies. The nucleotide sequence of the prototype strain of ABLV was determined from the initiator methionine codon for the nucleocapsid protein (N protein) to the amino terminus of the polymerase gene (L protein), a distance of 5344 nucleotides. Comparisons of the deduced N, phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), and glycoprotein (G) proteins showed that ABLV was more closely related to serotype 1 classic rabies viruses than to other members of the Lyssavirus genus. The percent relatedness of the ABLV proteins when compared to the cognate proteins of PV (Pasteur vaccine strain) rabies was 92, 75, 87 and 75% for the N, P, M and G proteins, respectively. Phylogenetic studies of N protein sequences showed clearly that ABLV is an unrecognised member of the Lyssavirus genus and represents a new genotype, genotype 7. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

摘要： We isolated an apparently new virus in the family Paramyxoviridae from stillborn piglets with deformities at a piggery in New South Wales, Australia. In 1997, the pregnancy rate and litter size at the piggery decreased markedly, while the proportion of mummified fetuses increased. We found serologic evidence of infection in pigs at the affected piggery and two associated piggeries, in humans exposed to infected pigs, and in fruit bats. Menangle virus is proposed as a common name for this agent, should further studies confirm that it is a newly recognized virus.

关键词： 蝙蝠   狂犬病毒感染   人兽共患病   水果   澳大利亚   大洋洲  

摘要： 人兽共患病控制——澳大利亚３只水果蝙蝠狂犬病毒感染引言１９９６年，新南威尔士Ｂａｌｉｎａ的两只黑狐蝠（Ｐｔｅｒｏｐｕｓａｌｅｃｔｏ）被首次诊断为狂犬病感染。这两只蝙蝠都有神经系统症状，伴有中到重度脑炎。经分离发现狂犬病毒在生物分类上显著不同于已知的基...

关键词： 乙型脑炎   基孔肯雅病   抗体   蝙蝠   恒河猴  

摘要： 流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)和基孔肯雅病(Chikungunya)均由病毒引起,经蚊虫传播,严重危害人类健康的自然疫源性疾病。为进一步了解乙脑病毒和基孔肯雅病毒的宿主情况,我们用血凝抑制试验对采自云南的蝙蝠和恒河猴血清中进行了乙脑及基孔肯雅病毒抗体的检测。现将结果报告如下。1 材料与方法1.1 血清采集:棕果编蝠(Rousettusleschenaulti)血清,采自云南省河口地区。恒河猴(Macaca mulatta)血清,采自西双版纳、临沧及思茅地区。采到的动物血清—30℃低温保存,以备检测。1.2 试验方法:采用微量血凝制试验。乙脑和基孔肯雅抗原及免疫血清由本实验室自制,抗原用4个血凝单位,用0.5%的鸽血球测定。

关键词： 海南   蝙蝠   罗斯河病毒   血清   抗体  

摘要： １９９３年，从海南省三亚市立才山区捕获的３７组蝙蝠脑组织中分离到１株病毒，编号为ＨＢｂ１７。经理化、生物学性状及血清学鉴定，证实为罗斯河病毒（Ｒｏｓｓｒｉｖｅｒｖｉｒｕｓ，ＲＲＶ）。实验感染，该病毒能在蚊体内复制，并通过蚊媒传播。用ＩＦＡ检测当地健康人、发热待查病人和鼠血清中的ＲＲＶ抗体，阳性率分别为１．０２％（１／９８）、８．７０％（４／４６）和８．００％（６／７５）。以上结果表明，ＨＢｂ１７病毒是披膜病毒科甲病毒属罗斯河病毒。

关键词： immunocytochemistry   GABA   glycine   nervous system, central   auditory system   inhibitory neurons   echolocation   Pteronotus parnellii (Chiroptera)  

摘要： The distribution of neuronal elements immunoreactive for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine in the cochlear nucleus of the mustached bat Pteronotus parnellii has been studied by means of the postembedding technique on serial semithin sections. Our goal has been to identify similarities and differences in the organization of putatively inhibitory circuits between a highly specialized echolocating bat and previously studied non-echolocating mammals. The results reveal a basically conserved pattern of putatively GABAergic and glycinergic elements in the bat cochlear nucleus, and subtle but distinct modifications in certain inhibitory circuits. As in other mammals, immunoreactive cells possibly representing local interneurons are most abundant in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. These in elude single-GABA-immunoreactive cells and double-labeled cells in the superficial layers and single-glycine-labeled cells in the deep layers. Coincident with the phylogenetic trend toward a reduced lamination of the dorsal cochlear nucleus in bats, there is a clear reduction in the numbers of local interneurons of the superficial layer. In contrast, the tuberculoventral system of the deep layer appears hypertrophied. As in other mammals, the ventral cochlear nucleus contains a few large single-glycine-immunoreactive cells and scattered double-labeled cells. Immunoreactive puncta are abundant throughout the cochlear nucleus complex with no trends indicating a differential strength of inhibitory inputs to regions representing the various harmonics of the echolocating signal.