关键词： Amino Acid Sequence   Animals   Base Sequence   Brazil/epidemiology   Cats   Cattle   Chiroptera   Disease Reservoirs   Dog Diseases/virology   Dogs   Horses   Humans   Molecular Sequence Data   Nucleocapsid Proteins/genetics   Phylogeny   Phylogeny   Rabies/epidemiology   Rabies/veterinary   Rabies/virology   Rabies virus/genetics   Rabies virus/isolation & purification   RNA, Viral/genetics   Sequence Alignment   Sequence Homology   Sheep   Swine  

摘要： We analyzed 50 rabies virus samples isolated in Brazil from 12 dogs, 11 cats, 5 vampire bats, 15 cattle, 2 horses, 1 pig, 1 sheep, and 3 humans to investigate the molecular epidemiology of rabies viruses. We sequenced 203 nucleotides on the nucleoprotein gene by direct sequencing of the PCR-amplified products, All the isolates belonged to the genotype 1 and homology of the 203 nucleotides was at least 83.7% among isolates. The main reservoirs were estimated based on the homology of nucleotide sequences. Brazilian rabies virus isolates were clustered into two reservoir groups: dogs and vampire bats. All the dog-related rabies virus isolates showed nucleotide homology greater than 99.0%. Vampire bat-related rabies virus isolates showed nucleotide homology greater than 96.6% and could be further divided into subgroups corresponding to areas where viruses were isolated. These data suggest that circulating rabies variants belong to at least two different genotype clusters in Brazil and that these two clusters are maintained independently among vampire bats and dogs. (C) 2001 Academic Press.

关键词： Menangle virus   Rubulavirus   Paramyxoviridae   pigs   fruit bats   Pteropus   cDNA subtraction  

摘要： Menangle virus (MenV), isolated in August 1997 following an outbreak of reproductive disease in a piggery in New South Wales, is the second previously unclassified member of the family Paramyxoviridae to be identified in Australia since 1994. Similar to Hendra virus (HeV), MenV appears to be a virus of fruit bats (flying foxes) in the genus Pteropus. No serological cross-reactivity was detected between MenV and other known paramyxoviruses and to facilitate virus classification a cDNA subtraction method was used to obtain viral-specific cDNA from MenV-infected cells. Cloning and sequencing of the products enabled the entire sequences of the NR P/V, M, F, and HN genes to be determined. Comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences for each gene with members of the family Paramyxoviridae, determination of the P gene mRNA editing strategy, and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that MenV is a new member of the genus Rubulavirus. However the deduced protein sequence of MenV HN exhibited only limited sequence homology when compared with attachment proteins of other paramyxoviruses, Key differences within the amino acid residues considered important determinants of neuraminidase activity suggest MenV HN is unlikely to possess the same degree of neuraminidase activity characteristic of other rubulavirus and respirovirus HN proteins. (C) 2001 Academic Press.

摘要： A search for the natural host of Nipah virus has led to the isolation of a previously unknown member of the family Paramyxoviridae, Tioman virus (TiV) was isolated from the urine of fruit bats (Pteropus hypomelanus) found on the island of the same name off the eastern coast of peninsular Malaysia. An electron microscopic study of TiV-infected cells revealed spherical and pleomorphic-enveloped viral particles (100-500 nm in size) with a single fringe of embedded peplomers. Virus morphogenesis occurred at the plasma membrane of infected cells and morphological features of negative-stained ribonucleoprotein complexes were compatible with that of viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae. Serological studies revealed no cross-reactivity with antibodies against a number of known Paramyxoviridae members except for the newly described Menangle virus (MenV), isolated in Australia in 1997. Failure of PCR amplification using MenV-specific primers suggested that this new virus is related to but different from MenV. For molecular characterization of the virus, a cDNA subtraction strategy was employed to isolate virus-specific cDNA from virus-infected cells. Complete gene sequences for the nucleocapsid protein (N) and phosphoprotein (P/V) have been determined and recombinant N and V proteins produced in baculovirus. The recombinant N and V proteins reacted with porcine anti-MenV sera in Western blot, confirming the serological crossreactivity observed during initial virus characterization. The lack of a C protein-coding region in the P/V gene, the creation of P mRNA by insertion of 2-G residues, and the results of phylogenetic analyses all indicated that TiV is a novel member of the genus Rubulavirus. (C) 2001 Academic Press.

关键词： 狂犬病病毒   TR-PCR   犬、蝙蝠  

摘要： 南宁市犬阳性率为1.57(3/191),蝙蝠阳性率为2%(1/50),南宁市鼠阳性率为3.1%(2/65);博白县蝙蝠阳性率为2.9%(2/70);健康犬平均阳性率为1.1%;蝙蝠的平均阳性率为2.5%.其中3份犬脑组织攻毒小白鼠,均出现典型的狂犬病神经症状.证明了了广西除犬之外,野鼠和蝙蝠等野生动物也携带有狂犬病病毒.这对了解野生动物携带狂犬病病毒情况,为预防狂犬病的发生提供科学依据.

关键词： bat rabies viruses   genetic diversity   Canada  

摘要： Antigenic characterisation of over 350 chiropteran rabies viruses of the Americas, especially from species reported rabid in Canada, distinguished 13 viral types. In close accord with this classification, nucleotide sequencing of representative isolates, at both the N and G loci, identified four principal phylogenetic groups (I-IV), sub-groups of which circulated in particular bat species. Amongst the North American bat viruses, there was a notable division between group I specimens associated with colonial, non-migratory bats (Myotis sp. and Eptesicusfuscus) and those of group II harbored by solitary, migratory species (Lasiurus sp. and Lasionycteris noctivagans). Certain species of Myotis were clearly identified as rabies reservoirs, an observation often obscured previously by their frequent infection by viral Variants of other chiroptera. An additional group (III) apparently circulates in E. fuscus, whilst viruses harbored by both insectivorous and haematophagus bats of Latin America clustered to a separate clade (group IV). Comparison of the predicted N and G proteins of these viruses with those of strains of terrestrial mammals indicated a similarity in structural organisation regardless of host species lifestyle. Finally, these sequences permitted examination of the evolutionary relationship of American bat rabies viruses within the Lyssavirus genus. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 流行性乙型脑炎病毒   贮存宿主   蝙蝠   金管鼻蝠  

摘要： 为进一步阐明蝙蝠在保存乙脑病毒中的作用 ,于 1997年 7月 ,在云南省耿马县捕捉蝙蝠 6 4只 ,取脑组织作病毒分离 ,从一只金管鼻蝠脑组织中分离出 1株病毒。该毒株能引起BHK2 1细胞病变和乳鼠发病死亡 ,在 pH5 75～7 4时能凝集鸽红血球 ,经用单克隆抗体血凝抑制和免疫荧光试验鉴定 ,证实为乙型脑炎病毒。进一步证明蝙蝠在乙型脑炎病毒保存和扩散中具有重要作用。

关键词： 狂犬病病毒,RT-PCR,犬、蝙蝠和野鼠  

摘要： 本实验从广西南宁市、百色、柳州市集贸市场采集了犬脑组织268份， 从南宁市、博白具捕获蛹幅 120只，以及从南宁市郊捕获野鼠 65只。 应用 RT-PCR技术对集贸市场采集的犬脑组织、野外捕获的 120份蝙蝠 和野鼠脑组织进行检测。并将犬脑组织阳性材料进行小白鼠攻毒试验。 检测结果，南宁市犬阳性率为 157（3/191），蝙蝠阳性率为 2%（1/50）， 南宁市鼠阳性率为 31%（2/65）；博白县蝙蝠阳性率为 29%（2/70）；健康 犬平均阳性率为 11％，蝙蝠的平均阳性率为 2 5％。其中 3份犬脑组织 攻毒小白鼠，均出现典型的狂犬病神经症状。证明了广西除犬之外，野 鼠和蝙蝠等野生动物也携带有狂犬病病毒。这对了解野生动物携带狂犬 病病毒情况，为预防狂犬病的发生提供科学依据。

关键词： 氨基酸序列   碱基序列   脑/病毒学   翼手目/病毒学   荧光抗体技术   基因型   分子序列数据   种系发生   狂犬病病毒/遗传学   狂犬病病毒/分离和提纯   逆转录聚合酶链反应   动物  

摘要： On May 30, 1996, a sick Daubenton's bat (Myotis daubentonii) was recovered from the cellar of a public house in Newhaven, East Sussex. Its condition deteriorated rapidly, and it was euthanased and examined. Positive results, establishing the presence of a rabies or rabies-related virus in its brain, were obtained from the fluorescent antibody test, the rabies tissue culture isolation test, and a hemi-nested reverse-transcription PCR. The complete sequence of the nucleoprotein gene was determined and a phylogenetic analysis, based on the 470 nucleotide bases of the amino terminus of the nucleoprotein, established the genotype of the virus as European bat lyssavirus 2. Bat rabies had not previously been recorded in the UK but does occur in mainland Europe. A study of the back-trajectories of the wind on May 29 and 30, established that the infected bat possibly came from near the France-Swiss border.

关键词： Animals   Antibodies, Viral/blood   Chiroptera/virology   Disease Outbreaks   Disease Reservoirs   Encephalitis, Viral/epidemiology   Encephalitis, Viral/transmission   Encephalitis, Viral/veterinary   Encephalitis, Viral/virology   Humans   Malaysia/epidemiology   Paramyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology   Paramyxoviridae Infections/transmission   Paramyxoviridae Infections/veterinary   Paramyxoviridae Infections/virology   Paramyxovirinae/immunology   Paramyxovirinae/isolation & purification   Swine   Swine Diseases/epidemiology   Swine Diseases/transmission   Swine Diseases/virology   Zoonoses  

摘要： Scientists are a step closer to unraveling a medical mystery that killed 105 people in Malaysia last year and destroyed the country's pig industry. The Nipah virus, which caused the disease, most likely originated in a native fruit bat species, Malaysian researchers reported here at a meeting last week. They say the findings will help Malaysian health authorities prevent future outbreaks of the Nipah virus. Others see the case as an argument for expanding research into infections that can leap the boundary between animals and humans.

关键词： rabies virus   European bat lyssavirus   rabies-related viruses   RT-PCR   PCR-ELISA  

摘要： A rapid and sensitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the detection of classical rabies virus (genotype 1) and the rabies related European bat lyssaviruses (EBLs) (genotypes 5 and 6) was developed. When combined with specific oligonucleotide probes and a PCR-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA), genotype 5 and 6 viruses can be distinguished from each other and from genotype 1 viruses. Ninety-two isolates from the six established genotypes of rabies and rabies-related viruses were screened by RT-PCR and PCR-ELISA to determine the specificity of the assays. All genotype 1, 5 and 6 viruses were detected by RT-PCR while none of the genotype 2, 3 and 4 viruses were detected. All the genotype 5 and 6 viruses were detected by the two PCR-ELISA probes when used in combination while none of the genotype 1-4 viruses were detected. When used individually, the PCR-ELISA probes also distinguished between the genotype 5 and 6 viruses. This new discriminatory test should allow the rapid genotyping of all lyssaviruses likely to be encountered in Europe and as such could provide useful epidemiological information in the event of an outbreak. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.