关键词： ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME-2   SARS-CORONAVIRUS   PROTEIN FAMILIES   GENOMESEQUENCE   IDENTIFICATION   RECEPTOR   PNEUMONIA   DATABASE   SITES   OC43  

摘要： Although the finding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in caged palm civets from live animal markets in China has provided evidence for interspecies transmission in the genesis of the SARS epidemic, subsequent studies suggested that the civet may have served only as an amplification host for SARS-CoV. In a surveillance study for CoV in noncaged animals from the wild areas of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region, we identified a CoV closely related to SARS-CoV (bat-SARS-CoV) from 23 (39%) of 59 anal swabs of wild Chinese horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus) by using RT-PCR. Sequencing and analysis of three bat-SARS-CoV genomes from samples collected at different dates showed that bat-SARS-CoV is closely related to SARS-CoV from humans and civets. Phylogenetic analysis showed that bat-SARS-CoV formed a distinct cluster with SARS-CoV as group 2b CoV, distantly related to known group 2 CoV. Most differences between the bat-SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV genomes were observed in the spike genes, ORF 3 and ORF 8, which are the regions where most variations also were observed between human and civet SARS-CoV genomes. In addition, the presence of a 29-bp insertion in ORF 8 of bat-SARS-CoV genome, not in most human SARS-CoV genomes, suggests that it has a common ancestor with civet SARS-CoV. Antibody against recombinant bat-SARSCoV nucleocapsid protein was detected in 84% of Chinese horseshoe bats by using an enzyme immunoassay. Neutralizing antibody to human SARS-CoV also was detected in bats with lower viral loads. Precautions should be exercised in the handling of these animals.

关键词： 非典病毒   科学家   蝙蝠   野生   香港地区   冠状病毒   科学院  

摘要： 香港科学家近日公布，他们在香港地区的野生蝙蝠身上发现了一种与非典病毒非常相似的冠状病毒。这一研究，发表在将于下周出版的美国《国家科学院学报》上。科学家提醒，对携带这种病毒的野生蝙蝠要保持警惕。

关键词： rabies   lyssaviruses   vaccine   cross-protection  

摘要： The ability of antibodies elicited against the rabies human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) to neutralise European bat Lyssaviruses (EBLV types-1 and -2), Australian bat Lyssavirus and classical rabies virus (RABV) has been evaluated using modified fluorescent antibody virus neutralisation (mFAVN) assays. Ninety-six percent (48 of 50) of the human post-vaccinated sera tested cross-neutralised these viruses (>= 0.5 IU/ml). Cross-protection experiments using inbred mice (RIII, k/k haplotype) were also assessed. Mice were given HDCV (twice by the intra-peritoneal route) and challenged (intra-cranially or peripherally) with a lethal dose (25 MLD50) of the individual viruses. The vaccine conferred statistically significant protection in 80-100% of animals challenged via the peripheral route. Levels of protection were lower following intra-cranial (i.c.) challenge. Our data provides strong evidence for broad spectrum cross-neutralisation and cross-protection of phylogroup I lyssaviruses using rabies HDCV. Crown Copyright (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： yokose virus   flavivirus   complete nucleotide sequence  

摘要： Yokose virus (strain Oita-36) was isolated from the bat in Japan in 1971. In the present study, we determined complete nucleotide sequences of Yokose virus using RT-PCR and RACE techniques. Yokose virus genome consists of 10,857 nucleotides in length (accession no. AB 114858), containing a single open reading frame (3425 amino acids) encoding I I viral proteins. We deduced the boundaries of each protein in the polyprotein sequence according to the protein cleavage sites of other flaviviruses. The nucleotide sequences of the 5' and 3' nontranslated region (NTR) and amino acid sequences of individual proteins of the virus were compared with those of six other flaviviruses including Japanese encephalitis virus, dengue-2 virus, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, and Rio Bravo virus or Modoc virus. Yokose virus demonstrated the highest similarity to yellow fever virus. Yokose virus also has CS1 motif, which are well-conserved specifically in mosquito-born flaviviruses, in its 3' NTR. When a part of the NS5 amino acid sequence (345 amino acids) was compared with those of other four flaviviruses, Entebbe bat vir-us, Sokuluk virus, Sepik virus, and yellow fever virus, the three former viruses are more closely related to Yokose virus than yellow fever virus. Human sera from dengue-virus-infected case and yellow fever vaccinee reacted with the viral proteins. Moreover, human serum from a yellow fever vaccinee weakly neutralized Yokose virus. Our results suggest that there are cross-reactive antigenicities among Yokose virus and other flaviviruses. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： CORONAVIRUS diseases   CORONAVIRUSES   BATS   ENDEMIC animals   ANIMAL diseases   NUCLEOTIDE sequence  

摘要： Exotic wildlife can act as reservoirs of diseases that are endemic in the area or can be the source of new emerging diseases through interspecies transmission. The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) highlights the importance of virus surveillance in wild animals. Here, we report the identification of a novel bat coronavirus through surveillance of coronaviruses in wildlife. Analyses of the RNA sequence from the ORF1b and S-gene regions indicated that the virus is a group 1 coronavirus. The virus was detected in fecal and respiratory samples from three bat species (Miniopterus spp.). In particular, 63% (12 of 19) of fecal samples from Miniopterus pusillus were positive for the virus. These findings suggest that this virus might be commonly circulating in M. pusillus in Hong Kong.

关键词： SARS   动物   武汉   湖北   蝙蝠   专家   中华人民共和国  

摘要： 10月10日消息:以中国科学院专家为主进行的一项联合研究表明:蝙蝠携带有类SARS病毒,但不会传染人体。该成果日前在美国《科学》杂志上发表。2002年至2003年暴发的SARS波及26个国家和地区,造成8000多人感染、774人死亡。在SARS病毒的动物溯源过程中,早期的研究结果证明,果子狸可能是SARS病毒的自然宿主。由中科院武汉病毒研究所石正丽研究员和动物研究所张树义研究员等科学家组成的联合小组在研究中关注到:蝙蝠已被证实是一些重要

关键词： SARS   宿主   蝙蝠   中华人民共和国  

关键词： SARS   蝙蝠   健康带菌者   严重急性呼吸道综合征  

关键词： 蝙蝠   病毒   传播途径   翼手目   生物保护  

摘要： 蝙蝠物种丰富,分布广泛,有很强的飞行能力,其中一些蝙蝠种类还有迁飞的习性,与人类接触密切.迄今为止,已在蝙蝠体内分离到80多种病毒,其中一些是多种重大人兽共患疾病的传染源,给人类公共健康和蝙蝠生物保护带来威胁.近年来,一些新病毒病的暴发,老病毒病的重返都与蝙蝠有关,如1994年澳大利亚爆发的亨德拉病毒(Hendra virus)[1,2],1997年澳大利亚爆发的梅南高病毒(Menangle virus)[3],1998年马来西亚爆发的尼巴病毒(Nipah virus)[4],以及Tioman病毒(Tioman virus)[5]等;而人类在防止蝙蝠传播病毒的同时,很可能由于采取的方法不当而对蝙蝠物种的保护构成潜在的威胁.