关键词： ORTHOREOVIRUSES   REOVIRUSES   VIRUSES   GENOMES  

摘要： Nelson Bay orthoreovirus (NBV) is a species in the genus Orthoreovirus, family Reoviridae, containing 4, possibly 5, members. Here, we report a putative sixth member, Xi River virus (XRV), isolated from fruit bats collected in a location near the Xi River, Guangdong Province, China. This virus showed the same electron microscopic morphology as NBV, fusogenic CPE, and a 10-segmented double-strand RNA genome, as well as high sequence identity to NBV members. It is the first bat reovirus isolated in China.

关键词： Broome virus   Fusogenic orthoreovirus   Flying-fox   Bat   FAST protein   Small nonstructural proteins  

摘要： This report describes the discovery and characterization of a new fusogenic orthoreovirus. Broome virus (BroV), isolated from a little red flying-fox (Pteropus scapulatus). The BroV genome consists of 10 dsRNA segments, each having a 3' terminal pentanucleotide sequence conserved amongst all members of the genus Orthoreovirus, and a unique 5' terminal pentanucleotide sequence. The smallest genome segment is bicistronic and encodes two small nonstructural proteins, one of which is a novel fusion associated small transmembrane (FAST) protein responsible for syncytium formation, but no cell attachment protein. The low amino acid sequence identity between BroV proteins and those of other orthoreoviruses (13-50%), combined with phylogenetic analyses of structural and nonstructural proteins provide evidence to support the classification of BroV in a new sixth species group within the genus Orthoreovirus. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： 蝙蝠   尼帕病毒   腺病毒   腺相关病毒   病毒分子流行病学  

摘要： 蝙蝠是地球上第二大类哺乳动物,是多种病毒的自然宿主,包括近年来暴发传染病的病毒,例如尼帕病毒(Nipahvirus)、亨德拉病毒(Hendravirus)、SARS冠状病毒(SARScoronavirus)、埃博拉病毒(Ebolavirus)等。因此研究蝙蝠携带的病毒对于预防和控制新发病毒病有重要的意义。本论文开展了蝙蝠病毒的分离鉴定、病毒的生态分布和遗传进化等方面的研究,主要结果如下:\n 用表达纯化的尼帕病毒核衣壳蛋白(NiV-N)和表面糖蛋白(NiV-G)建立间接ELISA方法首次调查了中国境内蝙蝠携带尼帕病毒抗体情况,总共检测了来自23种蝙蝠的692份血清样品,结果有9种蝙蝠的33份血清呈阳性,并且用Westernblot进行了验证。研究表明我国存在尼帕病毒或者类似病毒的自然疫源地。\n 用蝙蝠肾原代细胞从蝙蝠粪便样品中分离到一株新的蝙蝠腺病毒(命名为BtAdV-TJM)。序列分析显示,BtAdV-TJM与已知腺病毒的序列同源性相差较大,但仍归于哺乳腺病毒属(Mastadenovirus),与犬腺病毒和树鼩腺病毒的亲缘关系最近。PCR技术在多种蝙蝠体内检测到腺病毒,而且这些蝙蝠腺病毒存在广泛的遗传多样性。\n 鉴定了一株蝙蝠腺相关病毒(BtAAV-YNM)基因组序列,序列分析表明,蝙蝠腺相关病毒与已知哺乳动物的腺相关病毒差异较大,与猪腺相关病毒亲缘关系最近。用PCR技术在多种蝙蝠体内检测到腺相关病毒,并且这些蝙蝠腺相关病毒同样呈现广泛的遗传多样性。\n 优化了一种随机PCR技术筛选未知病毒的方法,构建了六个蝙蝠粪便样品中病毒基因组文库。测序结果表明,蝙蝠粪便中有多种动物病毒、植物病毒、昆虫病毒、细菌噬菌体等。显示蝙蝠在病毒的传播过程中有重要的生态学意义。

关键词： Rabies virus   Molecular epidemiology   Canids   Bats   Brazil  

摘要： Rabies virus (RABV) isolates from two species of canids and three species of bats were analyzed by comparing the C-terminal region of the G gene and the G-L intergenic region of the virus genome. Intercluster identities for the genetic sequences of the isolates showed both regions to be poorly conserved. Phylogenetic trees were generated by the neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony methods, and the results were found to agree between the two methods for both regions. Putative amino acid sequences obtained from the G gene were also analyzed, and genetic markers were identified. Our results suggest that different genetic lineages of RABV are adapted to different animal species in Brazil.

关键词： Rabies   Lyssavirus   Rhabdovirus   Shimoni bat virus   Phylogeny   Chiroptera   Zoonosis   Africa   Kenya  

摘要： During 2009, 616 bats representing at least 22 species were collected from 10 locations throughout Kenya. A new lyssavirus, named Shimoni bat virus (SHIBV), was isolated from the brain of a dead Commerson's leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros commersoni), found in a cave in the coastal region of Kenya. Genetic distances and phylogenetic reconstructions, implemented for each gene and for the concatenated alignment of all five structural genes (N, P, M, G and L), demonstrated that SHIBV cannot be identified with any of the existing species, but rather should be considered an independent species within phylogroup II of the Lyssavirus genus, most similar to Lagos bat virus (LBV). Antigenic reaction patterns with anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies corroborated these distinctions. In addition, new data on the diversity of LBV suggests that this species may be subdivided quantitatively into three separate genotypes. However, the identity values alone are not considered sufficient criteria for demarcation of new species within LBV. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： bat subpopulations   big brown bat   DNA barcoding   microsatellite loci   rabies virus variants  

摘要： Phylogenetic analysis of a collection of rabies viruses that currently circulate in Canadian big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) identified five distinct lineages which have emerged from a common ancestor that existed over 400 years ago. Four of these lineages are regionally restricted in their range while the fifth lineage, comprising two-thirds of all specimens, has emerged in recent times and exhibits a recent demographic expansion with rapid spread across the Canadian range of its host. Four of these viral lineages are shown to circulate in the US. To explore the role of the big brown bat host in dissemination of these viral variants, the population structure of this species was explored using both mitochondrial DNA and nuclear microsatellite markers. These data suggest the existence of three subpopulations distributed in British Columbia, mid-western Canada (Alberta and Saskatchewan) and eastern Canada (Quebec and Ontario), respectively. We suggest that these three bat subpopulations may differ by their level of female phylopatry, which in turn affects the spread of rabies viruses. We discuss how this bat population structure has affected the historical spread of rabies virus variants across the country and the potential impact of these events on public health concerns regarding rabies.

关键词： Immunoglobulin   Evolution   Bats  

摘要： Bats are the natural host reservoir for range of emerging and re-emerging viruses, many of which cause significant morbidity and mortality in other mammals, yet appear to result in no clinical consequences for bats. The ability of bats to coexist with a variety of viruses presents an interesting immunological problem that has not been examined in any detail but which could provide significant insights into the evolution of antiviral mechanisms in mammals. Towards a better understanding of the bat immune system, we analysed the expressed heavy chain variable (VH) regions of antibodies from the black flying fox, Pteropus alecto. The germline repertoire of the closely related Pteropid bat, Pteropus vampyrus, whose genome has been sequenced was also examined for comparative purposes. Representative VH genes were found in all three mammalian VH clans (I, II and III) in both the expressed P. alecto VH repertoire and the germline P. vampyrus VH repertoire. Evidence for the use of multiple heavy chain diversity (DH) and joining (JH) segments for the generation of diverse VDJ rearrangements was also present in the expressed antibody repertoire of P. alecto. The long period of co-evolutionary history of bats with viruses may have resulted in a variety of highly specific VH segments being hardwired into the genomes of bats and may have implications for their ability to successfully cope with a diversity of viral antigens.

关键词： 呼肠孤病毒   BHK-21细胞   Vero—E6细胞   形态发生   透射电子显微镜  

摘要： 目的通过对蝙蝠呼肠孤病毒在BHK-21和Vero-E6细胞形态发生的比较研究,筛选出该病毒的最佳宿主细胞。方法将感染呼肠孤病毒XJV株的BHK-21和Vero-E6细胞用戊二醛、锇酸固定,制成超薄切片,用透射电镜观察。同时测定病毒滴度。结果XJV在2种细胞中的适应程度不同,XJV更适于在BHK-21细胞中增殖。XJV在2种细胞中的形态发生不同,在BHK-21细胞中形成的包涵体呈典型的晶格状排列,在Vero-E6细胞中形成的包涵体呈杂乱的球状。XJV用BHK-21和Vero-E6细胞育传5代,病毒滴度分别为105.5TCID50/ml和104.5TCID50/ml。结论BHK-21细胞是蝙蝠呼肠孤病毒XJV株的最佳宿主细胞。

关键词： reservoir   throughout   emerging  

摘要： Bat,the only flying mammal and count more than 20%of the extant mammals on earth,were recently identified as a natural reservoir of emerging and reemerging infectious *** amount(more than 70)and genetic diversity of viruses isolated from the bat have been identified in different populations throughout the *** studies focus on bat viruses that caused severe domestic and human ***,many viruses were found in apparently healthy bats,suggesting that bats may have a specific immune system or antiviral activity against virus ***,basic researches for bat immunology and virus-host interactions are important for understanding bat-derived infectious diseases.

关键词： MARBURG virus   MARBURG virus disease   BATS as carriers of disease   BATS   CAVES -- Kenya  

摘要： The article describes human cases of Lake Victoria Marburgvirus (MARV) infection in Kenya in 1980 and 1987, which occurred after visits to the Kitum Cave at Mount Elgon. Blood, fecal and oral swab specimens as well as tissue samples were collected from bats from across the country during the period of June to July 2007 within the framework of the Global Disease Detection Program. Researchers extracted total RNA from pooled or individual liver, spleen and lung samples from the bats in order to determine the presence of the virus.