关键词： SARS病毒   蝙蝠   非典型肺炎   冠状病毒   《自然》   论文作者   卫生控制   研究成果  

摘要： 【社巴黎2013年10月30日电】科学家周三说,有证据表明,类似于非典型肺炎（SARS）病毒的冠状病毒可从一种中国蝙蝠身上直接传染给人类,无需其他动物充当＂宿主＂。这项研究发表在《自然》周刊上。论文作者表示,此研究成果对公共卫生控制＂影响很大＂,因为目前在中国蝙蝠身上发现的潜在大流行病毒可能导致另一场疫情暴发。

关键词： JAPANESE encephalitis viruses   AMINO acid sequence   NUCLEOTIDE sequence   ISOLATION of viruses   COMPARATIVE studies   BATS as laboratory animals  

摘要： We compared nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of eight Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) isolates derived from bats in China. We also compared the bat JEV isolates with other JEV isolates available from GenBank to determine their genetic similarity. We found a high genetic homogeneity among the bat JEVs isolated in different geographical areas from various bat species at different time periods. All eight bat JEV isolates belonged to genotype III. The mean evolutionary rate of bat JEV isolates was lower than those of isolates of other origin, but this difference was not statistically significant. Based on these results, we presume that the bat JEV isolates might be evolutionarily conserved. The eight bat JEV isolates were phylogenetically similar to mosquito BN19 and human Liyujie isolates of JEV. These results indicate that bats might be involved in natural cycle of JEV.

关键词： ARTIBEUS   RESEARCH   INFLUENZA viruses  

摘要： The article discusses a study on bat Artibeus planirostris performed by Ruben Donis, chief of the molecular virology and vaccines branch at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which revealed a new flu virus H18N11 and was published in 2013 issue of the journal 'PLOS Pathogens.'

关键词： Filovirus   Marburgvirus   Marburg virus   Bat isolate   Minigenome   Recombinant   Full-length   GFP   Macrophages   Cytokines  

摘要： Recent investigations have shown the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) to be a natural reservoir for marburgviruses. To better understand the life cycle of these viruses in the natural host, a new reverse genetics system was developed for the reliable rescue of a Marburg virus (MARV) originally isolated directly from a R. aegyptiacus bat (371 Bat). To develop this system, the exact terminal sequences were first determined by 5' and 3' RACE, followed by the cloning of viral proteins NP, VP35, VP30 and L into expression plasmids. Novel conditions were then developed to efficiently replicate virus mini-genomes followed by the construction of full-length genomic clones from which recombinant wild type and GFP-containing MARVs were rescued. Surprisingly, when these recombinant MARVs were propagated in primary human macrophages, a dramatic difference was found in their ability to grow and to elicit antiviral cytokine responses. Published by Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Bats   H1N1   H5N1   influenza   reassortment  

摘要： Waterfowl are primary hosts for influenza A viruses (IAVs);however, there is sporadic infection of swine and other species that pose a risk of zoonotic spread. Yellow-shouldered bats were shown to be hosts of an IAV, thereby constituting a potential novel reservoir. We show that Pteropus alecto kidney cells (PaKi) are susceptible to infection and sustain replication of A/WSN/33 (H1N1) and A/Vietnam/1203/04 (H5N1). Importantly, we show that co-infection of PaKi cells results in novel reassortants.

关键词： Fruit bats   Bats   Ebola virus   Hendra virus   Rabies virus   Viral pathogens   Zoonoses   Lyssavirus  

摘要： The article focuses on the evolution of bats and its representation of zoonotic pathogens. It states that bats belonging to the Chiroptera order have evolved in an array of adaptations including echolocation, hybernation, and recognized as the most extraordinary of all animals. It mentions that bats became the source of zoonotic diseases that causes outbreaks in humans and domestic animals including hantavirus, coronavirus, and filovirus.

关键词： coronavirus   influenza   RNA virus   virus evolution   emerging infectious disease  

摘要： As exemplified by coronaviruses and influenza viruses, bats and birds are natural reservoirs for providing viral genes during evolution of new virus species and viruses for interspecies transmission. These warm-blooded vertebrates display high species biodiversity, roosting and migratory behavior, and a unique adaptive immune system, which are favorable characteristics for asymptomatic shedding, dissemination, and mixing of different viruses for the generation of novel mutant, recombinant, or reassortant RNA viruses. The increased intrusion of humans into wildlife habitats and overcrowding of different wildlife species in wet markets and farms have also facilitated the interspecies transmission between different animal species.

关键词： Rabies   Virus   Glycoprotein   Viral evolution   Bat rabies   Phylogenetic analysis  

摘要： Rabies, an acute progressive encephalomyelitis caused by viruses in the genus Lyssavirus, is one of the oldest known infectious diseases. Although dogs and other carnivores represent the greatest threat to public health as rabies reservoirs, it is commonly accepted that bats are the primary evolutionary hosts of lyssaviruses. Despite early historical documentation of rabies, molecular clock analyses indicate a quite young age of lyssaviruses, which is confusing. For example, the results obtained for partial and complete nucleoprotein gene sequences of rabies viruses (RABV), or for a limited number of glycoprotein gene sequences, indicated that the time of the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) for current bat RABV diversity in the Americas lies in the seventeenth to eighteenth centuries and might be directly or indirectly associated with the European colonization. Conversely, several other reports demonstrated high genetic similarity between lyssavirus isolates, including RABV, obtained within a time interval of 25-50 years. In the present study, we attempted to re-estimate the age of several North American bat RABV lineages based on the largest set of complete and partial glycoprotein gene sequences compiled to date (n = 201) employing a codon substitution model. Although our results overlap with previous estimates in marginal areas of the 95 % high probability density (HPD), they suggest a longer evolutionary history of American bat RABV lineages (TMRCA at least 732 years, with a 95 % HPD 436-1107 years).

关键词： Research Article  

摘要： Aquatic birds harbor diverse influenza A viruses and are a major viral reservoir in nature. The recent discovery of influenza viruses of a new H17N10 subtype in Central American fruit bats suggests that other New World species may similarly carry divergent influenza viruses. Using consensus degenerate RT-PCR, we identified a novel influenza A virus, designated as H18N11, in a flat-faced fruit bat (Artibeus planirostris) from Peru. Serologic studies with the recombinant H18 protein indicated that several Peruvian bat species were infected by this virus. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that, in some gene segments, New World bats harbor more influenza virus genetic diversity than all other mammalian and avian species combined, indicative of a long-standing host-virus association. Structural and functional analyses of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase indicate that sialic acid is not a ligand for virus attachment nor a substrate for release, suggesting a unique mode of influenza A virus attachment and activation of membrane fusion for entry into host cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that bats constitute a potentially important and likely ancient reservoir for a diverse pool of influenza viruses.

关键词： 蝙蝠   病毒   传播  

摘要： 目的了解蝙蝠携带及传播病毒的研究进展。方法查阅文献,综合分析。结果蝙蝠携带多种病毒,可成为一些人兽共患病毒性疾病的重要传媒。结论必要针对我国蝙蝠进行西尼罗病毒和圣路易脑炎病毒抗体的血清学调查,了解蝙蝠与其吸血蚊虫的生态学关系,以便在未来可能的暴发流行中有效地针对媒介蚊虫进行控制,防患于未然。