关键词： Agriculture   Antioxidants   Deforestation   Landscape planning   Oxidative stress   Rice   Stable isotopes  

摘要： Deforestation, agricultural intensification, and habitat homogenization are critical threats to biodiversity in Southeast Asia. Limited information is available on the trophic and physiological responses of tropical animals to these environmental changes. The wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat Chaerephon plicatus is a cave roosting species that is experiencing population declines across Southeast Asia, where landscapes have been drastically modified. In our study site in central Thailand, we tested the hypothesis that wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bats living in landscapes that contrast in heterogeneity and land-use differed in mercury contamination, trophic position and physio-immunological status. Bats from less heterogeneous landscapes (dominated by rice crops, absence of large forest patches) occupied a lower trophic position than conspecifics from more heterogeneous landscapes (including large forest patches). Additionally, bats from these habitats had lower concentrations of mercury in erythrocytes, lower body mass, higher antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD), lower antioxidant glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lower values of the GPx/SOD ratio than bats from more heterogeneous landscapes. Individual bat mercury concentrations were positively correlated with body mass and two immune markers (lysozyme and immunoglobulin) but were negatively correlated with plasma non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity. Our results suggest various links among landscape heterogeneity, mercury exposure/accumulation, and health status of wildlife in Southeast Asian countries. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neutralization   Marburg virus   Ebola virus   Sosuga virus   bats  

摘要： Although bats are increasingly being recognized as natural reservoir hosts of emerging zoonotic viruses, little is known about how they control and clear virus infection in the absence of clinical disease. Here, we test >50 convalescent sera from Egyptian rousette bats (ERBs) experimentally primed or prime-boosted with Marburg virus, Ebola virus, or Sosuga virus for the presence of virus-specific neutralizing antibodies, using infectious reporter viruses. After serum neutralization testing, we conclude that antibody-mediated virus neutralization does not contribute significantly to the control and clearance of Marburg virus, Ebola virus, or Sosuga virus infection in ERBs.

关键词： 星状病毒   蝙蝠   人兽共患   跨种传播  

摘要： 星状病毒分为禽星状病毒属和哺乳动物星状病毒属,蝙蝠星状病毒属哺乳动物星状病毒属.蝙蝠感染星状病毒并不表现临床症状,但是近年来的研究显示出星状病毒具有流行广泛性、宿主和基因多样性的特点.而蝙蝠作为唯一能飞行并且携带多种人兽共患病病毒的哺乳动物,研究其星状病毒的流行情况及人兽共患潜力变得尤为重要,本综述就近年来蝙蝠中星状病毒相关研究及星状病毒中存在的人兽共患潜力进行综述,为后续星状病毒的研究提供参考.

关键词： bat   Ebola virus   filovirus   viruses   Kenya   Bombali Ebola virus   Mops condylurus   Angolan free-tailed bat  

摘要： Bombali virus (genus Ebolavirus) was identified in organs and excreta of an Angolan free-tailed bat (Mops condylurus) in Kenya. Complete genome analysis revealed 98% nucleotide sequence similarity to the prototype virus from Sierra Leone. No Ebola virus-specific RNA or antibodies were detected from febrile humans in the area who reported contact with bats.

关键词： Bat influenza virus   H17N10   H18N11   H9N2  

摘要： Influenza virus-like sequences of H17N10 and H18N11 were identified in bats, despite there has been no live virus isolated. The genetic analysis indicated that they have distinct but relatively close evolutionary relationships to known influenza A viruses. However, the infectivity and adaptation of bat influenza viruses in avian species remain unclear. In this study, two modified bat influenza viruses cH9cN2/H17 and cH9cN2/H18 containing HA and NA coding regions replaced with those of H9N2 influenza A virus were generated in the background of the H17N10 or H18N11 viruses. These two modified viruses replicated less efficiently than wild type H9N2 virus in cultured chicken cells. The mini-genome assay showed that viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs) of H9N2 has significantly higher polymerase activity than that of bat influenza viruses in avian cells. In chicken study, compared with H9N2 virus, which replicated and transmitted efficiently in chickens, the cH9cN2/H17 and cH9cN2/H18 viruses only replicated in chicken tracheas with lower titers. Pathological examination showed that the H9N2 caused severer lesions in lung and trachea than the modified bat influenza viruses. Notably, the cH9cN2/H18 transmitted among chickens, but not cH9cN2/H17, and chicken IFN-beta antagonism results showed that H18N11 NS1 protein inhibited chicken IFN-beta response more efficiently than H17N10 NS1 protein in avian cells. Taken together, our data indicated that the internal genes of bat influenza viruses adapted poorly to chickens, while the internal genes of H18N11 seemed to adapt to chickens better than H17N10.

关键词： Human   Kerala   next-generation sequencing   Nipah virus   Pteropus medius   qRT-PCR   viruses   India  

摘要： We retrieved Nipah virus (NiV) sequences from 4 human and 3 fruit bat (Pteropus medius) samples from a 2018 outbreak in Kerala, India. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that NiV from humans was 96.15% similar to a Bangladesh strain but 99.7%-100% similar to virus from Pteropus spp. bats, indicating bats were the source of the outbreak.

关键词： bat   Cameroon   Central Africa   Ebola   risk behaviour   zoonotic transmission  

摘要： The ecology of Ebola virus (EBV) remains largely unknown, but the previous detection of viral RNA and anti-EBV antibodies in African bats suggests that they might play a role in the EBV reservoir. Moreover, African bats also carry other potentially zoonotic agents such as Henipah-like viruses, coronaviruses and lyssaviruses. Today only little information is available on interactions between humans and bats. The objective of our exploratory study was to describe the extent and modes of contacts between humans and bats in southern Cameroon, considered as an area at risk for future EBV outbreaks. The survey was conducted in 11 villages of four distinct rural areas in southern Cameroon. A total of 135 respondents were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires, between February and May 2017. The study showed that direct contacts between bats and humans are relatively common. Bat bushmeat appeared to be an occasional meat resource;40% of respondents consume bats with a median annual consumption of three, and 28% of respondents hunt them. About 22% of the respondents reported children catching bats. Indirect contact also appeared to be common;55% of hunters use caves as shelters and 67% of interviewees eat fruits previously chewed by bats. Bat consumption varied significantly between regions (from 0% to 87%) and between pygmies and bantus in the extreme south-east of Cameroon. The study revealed considerable diversity in practices among interviewees, most of them being subsistence cultivators and relying on self-hunted bushmeat. Geographical diversity of contacts and perceptions regarding bats in Cameroon emphasizes the need to adjust zoonotic pathogen surveillance and education campaigns to the specificities of the communities and their context of interaction with wildlife.

摘要： Viral metagenomics analysis of samples from bats has been carried out as part of bat rabies surveillance in Croatia. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a novel circo-like virus isolated from a sample of Miniopterus schreibersii bat guano determined by lllumina next-generation sequencing.

关键词： Anus   ADENOVIRIDAE   Artibeus lituratus   Parvovirus   papillomaviruses   Adenoviruses   Swab   Sturnira lilium   anal swab   Viral Genome  

摘要： Bats play a significant role in maintaining their ecosystems through pollination, dispersal of seeds, and control of insect populations, but they are also known to host many microorganisms and have been described as natural reservoirs for viruses with zoonotic potential. The diversity of viruses in these animals remains largely unknown, however, because studies are limited by species, location, virus target, or sample type. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect fragments of viral genomes in bat samples. We performed high-throughput sequencing analysis and specific PCR and RT-PCR on pools of anal and oropharyngeal swabs from Artibeus lituratus and Sturnira lilium collected in southern Brazil. As a result, a member of the family Adenoviridae related to human adenovirus C was detected in anal swabs from S. lilium. In addition, we detected a papillomavirus in an anal swab from A. lituratus. Our analyses also allowed the detection of adenoviruses and parvoviruses in oropharyngeal swabs collected from A. lituratus. These results increase our knowledge about viral diversity and illustrate the importance of conducting virus surveillance in bats.

关键词： Chiroptera   Ecosystems   Epidemiology   Public health   Transmission   Zoonoses  

摘要： BackgroundBats are an important ecological group within ecosystems. The rabies virus is a Lyssavirus, and haematophagous bats are the principal reservoir;however, the virus has also been detected in non-haematophagous bats. The objective was to determine the rabies virus in non-haematophagous bats in the Colombian Caribbean *** 2017, a cross-sectional study was carried out with a base-risk sampling in twelve geographic zones of the Colombian Caribbean area that included the main ecosystems of two departments. 286 bats were captured, which were euthanized with a pharmacological treatment following the ethical protocols of animal experimentation. The taxonomic identification was done with dichotomous keys. The necropsy was carried out at the capture site, and brain samples were kept in liquid nitrogen. The extraction of the RNA was carried out from the frozen brains with Trizol;a fragment of 914bp of the glycoprotein G of the rabies virus was amplified with RT-PCR. The amplicons were sequenced with the Sanger ***-three genera of bats were identified, and, in two frugivorous, Artibeus lituratus and Artibeus planirostris, amplicons were obtained and sequenced as the rabies *** is the first evidence of natural infection of the rabies virus in frugivorous bats in the Colombian Caribbean area;this result is important for the surveillance and control of rabies.