摘要： We would like to comment on the article “Serological response and safety of heterologous ChAdOx1-nCoV-19/mRNA-1273 prime-boost immunization with a twelve-week gap, ” we would like to provide our comments. According to Sheng et al., adverse effects...

关键词： SARS-CoV-2   2019-nCoV   rapid test   diagnostic accuracy   meta-analysis   metasynthesis   COVID-19   low-and middle-income countries  

摘要： Background: Amid all public health measures to contain COVID-19, the most challenging has been how to break the transmission chain. This has been even more challenging in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). A public health emergency warrants a public health perspective, which comes down to prevention. Rapid mass testing has been advocated throughout the pandemic as a way to promptly deal with asymptomatic infections, but its usefulness in LMICs is yet to be fully ***: The study objectives of this paper are to (1) investigate the impact of the different rapid mass testing options for SARS-CoV-2 that have been delivered at point of care in LMICs and (2) evaluate the diagnostic safety (accuracy) of rapid mass testing for SARS-CoV-2 in LMICs. Methods: This review will systematically search records in PubMed, EBSCOhost, Cochrane library, Global Index Medicus COVID-19 Register, and Scopus. Records will be managed using Mendeley reference manager and SWIFT-Review. Risk of bias for randomized controlled trials will be assessed using the RoB 2 assessment tool, while nonrandomized interventions will be assessed using the tool developed by the Evidence Project. A narrative approach will be used to synthesize data under the first objective, and either a meta-analysis or synthesis without meta-analysis for the second objective. Tables, figures, and textual descriptions will be used to present findings. The overall body of evidence for the first objective will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (GRADE-CERQual) approach, and for the second objective using ***: The screening of records has been finalized. We hope to finalize the synthesis by the end of February 2023 and to prepare the manuscript for publication by April 2023. The study will be reported in accordance with standard guidelines for the reporting of systematic reviews. Rev

关键词： COVID-19   Pandemic   Immune system   WHO   SARS  

摘要： Aim COVID-19 has led to a global crisis not only in the health sector but also in the economic, social and education sectors, as well as the lives of common man. This paper reviews the origin, characteristics and transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus and the preventive measures adopted by the world's nations to curb the effects of the pandemic. Subjects and methods The temporal and spatial profile of the COVID-19 spread is highly dynamic and is progressively changing at a rapid pace. This article is an attempt to mitigate the pandemic threat by sharing the review outcome from an extensive literature survey on recent articles on COVID-19 and its impact. Results Statistical analysis presented by the World Health Organization and other health organizations explicitly indicates that optimized support and care extended to infected persons is the key to therapy, and the clinical effectiveness of alternative techniques is still under study. Though there have been announcements on the discovery of drugs for the virus, the authenticity of these reports are yet to be verified. Conclusion Based on the review, it can be inferred that it is important to boost one's immune system and to stay healthy by developing healthy habits of food intake, sleep, exercise, personal hygiene and so on. Practicing social distancing with a self-motivated attitude will help to control the virus to a large extent. The current situation also demands a great sense of responsibility of people towards society by protecting oneself from the virus in order to protect the society one lives in.

关键词： Ad5-nCoV booster   humoral immunity   inactivated vaccine booster   Omicron variants breakthrough infection  

摘要： Little information is available for antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern induced by Omicron breakthrough infection and a third booster with an inactivated vaccine (InV) or Ad5-nCoV in people with completion of two InV doses. Plasma was collected from InV pre-vaccinated Omicron-infected patients (OIPs), unvaccinated OIPs between 0 and 22 days, and healthy donors (HDs) 14 days or 6 months after the second doses of an InV and 14 days after a homogenous booster or heterologous booster of Ad5-nCoV. Anti-Wuhan-, Anti-Delta-, and Anti-Omicron-receptor binding domain (RBD)-IgG titers were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. InV pre-vaccinated OIPs had higher anti-Wuhan-, anti-Delta-, and anti-Omicron-RBD-IgG titers compared to unvaccinated OIPs. Anti-Wuhan-RBD-IgG titers sharply increased in InV pre-vaccinated OIPs 0-5 days postinfection (DPI), while the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of anti-Delta- and anti-Omicron-RBD-IgG were 3.3-fold and 12.0-fold lower. Then, the GMT of anti-Delta- and anti-Omicron-RBD-IgG increased to 35 112 and 28 186 during 11-22 DPI, about 2.6-fold and 3.2-fold lower, respectively, than the anti-Wuhan-RBD-IgG titer. The anti-Wuhan-, anti-Delta-, and anti-Omicron-RBD-IgG titers declined over time in HDs after two doses of an InV, with 25.2-fold, 5.6-fold, and 4.5-fold declination, respectively, at 6 months relative to the titers at 14 days after the second vaccination. Anti-Wuhan-, anti-Delta-, and anti-Omicron-RBD-IgG titers elicited by a heterologous Ad5-nCoV booster were significantly higher than those elicited by an InV booster, comparable to those in InV pre-vaccinated OIPs. InV and Ad5-nCoV boosters could improve humoral immunity against Omicron variants. Of these, the Ad5-nCoV booster is a better alternative.

关键词： 新型冠状病毒   xin xing guan zhuang bing du   病毒病   疫情防控   手册  

ISBN: (纸本)9787535980434

摘要： 本书主要内容包括日常防护、疫苗接种、抗原自测指导、感染者居家应对、特殊人群应对、心理调适、常见场景应对等，力求贴近生活，深入浅出，采用文字、图表等多种形式，使用公众容易理解的语言配合生动形象的漫画进行阐释，是简明实用的指导性科普读物，适合广大民众阅读。希望本书的出版，能够给社会公众在后疫情时代主动管理自身健康提供更多的指引。

关键词： 新冠肺炎疫情   旅游流   空间网络结构   影响因素  

摘要： 2020年初爆发的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情(以下简称疫情)给国民经济带来了巨大冲击,旅游业也被迫按下暂停键。随着国内疫情好转、国家相关政策支持以及行业的积极自救,国内旅游市场逐步回暖。在疫情前、疫情中和疫情后三个阶段旅游者行为意向发生了改变,旅游目的地旅游流空间网络结构也随之发生转变。旅游地理学者开展新冠肺炎对旅游业的影响相应研究有助于识别游客的新需求,完善旅游市场的产品供给。因此,本文探讨疫情背景下旅游流演变一方面有利于丰富地理学视角下新冠肺炎疫情的研究成果,另一方面也可为中国其它城市疫后旅游业恢复发展提供参考。 本文以西安市为例,基于社会经济发展数据、地理空间数据和用户生成数据,采用GIS空间分析法对比疫情发生前后西安市旅游流时空特征。在此基础上,构建西安市旅游流网络结构评价指标体系,运用社会网络分析法分析西安市旅游流空间网络结构演变,构建疫情背景下西安市旅游流影响因素指标体系,运用QAP相关分析和回归分析研究影响西安市旅游流空间网络结构发展相关因素。得出主要结论如下: (1)在时间维度上,旅游者的出游时间和停留时间均受到了疫情较大冲击。在出游时间选择上,旅游流流量波动明显,月际变化特征由正常发展阶段的“双峰型”特征转变为疫情防控阶段的“单峰型”特征,旅游高低峰差异增大。在停留时间上,游客平均停留时间显著缩短,短期出游是疫情下旅游者的首选。 (2)在空间维度上,疫情前后西安市旅游流的空间分布格局变化不显著。疫情前后旅游热点区域主要集中在少数高级别近距离的景点之间,疫情防控阶段次热点区的范围不断扩大,空间分布格局呈“东南强西北弱”特征。在流动频率上,疫情防控阶段旅游流空间联系整体减弱。 (3)在旅游流整体网络结构上,疫情防控时期西安市旅游流网络结构呈现出改善的趋势,整体效能提高。受疫情影响旅游者出行意愿的产生变化,部分旅游节点与旅游线路进行了重组,旅游流网络结构中旅游节点数量的增加,整体呈现改善的趋势,网络结构效能不断提高。 (4)在旅游流节点网络结构上,疫情前后西安市旅游节点数量和联系密度变化显著。疫情后新增了乡村旅游、生态旅游类节点,公园、校园类由于疫情防控措施导致节点消失,游客从边缘区的旅游节点流向其他旅游节点的可能性增加,核心节点的依赖程度在逐渐减弱。 (5)旅游资源禀赋、交通可达性、空间临近性、疫情态势和防控政策这五个影响因素相互关联,共同影响着西安市旅游网络结构的现状和发展演变。

关键词： 新冠肺炎   信息性文本   功能对等理论   扩展意义单位模型   话语韵  

摘要： 本报告选取2021年剑桥学者出版社发行的专著Culture,Crisis and COVID-19:The Great Reset(《大重构计划:文化、危机与新冠》,以下简称《报告》)序言及第一章为源本进行汉语翻译。本著作主要叙述新冠肺炎疫情期间,由于价值观的差异,中西方国家面对疫情采取的不同的措施。译者选取该著作的序言及第一章作为翻译文本,其中含有大量的单个技术词和轻动词构式,句子结构严谨,语言表述的客观,逻辑性强。通过词表的对比发现该文本属于信息性文本,在翻译时强调内容的真实性、准确性和可读性,同时也要充分考虑读者的文化背景以及接受习惯等。根据文本类型特点,译者在词语、语法、短语、小句、句子、篇章等层面运用功能对等和扩展意义单位模型等翻译和语言学理论进行指导,以此来解决翻译时遇到的问题。本实践报告结合语料库语言学语义韵和话语韵概念,在信息性文本汉译中通过词语和语法共选、意义连贯、语义和谐等手段做到源文与译文文本功能对等,并从翻译和语言学角度总结出有效的信息性文本翻译策略,为其他信息性类型的文本翻译、翻译教学、翻译应用等提供思路。

关键词： 新型冠状病毒肺炎   新型冠状病毒   临床研究   潜在机制   三药三方  

摘要： 在新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）全球疫情蔓延期间，中国的指导方针在抗击疫情中被证明是有效的。中医药（TCM）在缓解症状、控制疾病进展、降低死亡率和提高患者治愈率方面的有效性得到广泛认可。大流行期间，“三药三方”（TMTFs）在数百项注册临床研究中脱颖而出，成为广受推荐的治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的中药。TMTFs不仅能有效缓解发热、咳嗽、乏力、痰多等临床症状，还能大幅缩短核酸阴性转化时间，改善肺部CT影像特征和炎症反应，改善临床生化指标，减少后遗症。潜在的药理机制主要与病毒毒性、内皮损伤、炎性风暴、免疫反应和微血栓之间的串扰有关。总之，本文系统分析并总结了TMTFs治疗COVID-19的临床效果和潜在机制，涵盖了疾病发展的全过程，包括病毒入侵和复制、免疫反应和炎性风暴、急性呼吸窘迫综合征和多器官功能障碍综合征。本文综述为深入了解TMTFs在COVID-19治疗中的积极作用提供了理论依据和参考。

关键词： 突发公共卫生事件   新冠肺炎疫情   苹果出口贸易   山东   泰国  

摘要： 近年来,世界贸易组织、联合国以及世界银行等多个国际组织均指出,突发重大公共卫生事件的发生对世界范围内人类社会和经济活动的组织和运行产生了重大影响,特别是SARS、新冠肺炎等爆发快、传播迅速的突发公共卫生事件给疫情发生地甚至全球经济和贸易的发展带来了巨大冲击。2019年末,新冠肺炎疫情突然爆发并快速发展成了全球性的突发公共卫生事件,破坏了世界供需格局并对各国经济发展产生巨大影响。在这种国际背景下,本文将新冠肺炎疫情作为一项准自然实验,通过构建突发公共卫生事件对苹果出口贸易影响的研究模型,考察其对山东苹果出口泰国的影响,为国家和政府测度其他突发公共卫生事件的影响提供了一定的理论参考。首先,对国内外相关理论和文献资料进行梳理,为本文的研究奠定基础。其次,对我国和山东苹果生产以及出口贸易现状进行分析。第三,构建新冠肺炎疫情对山东苹果出口泰国影响的分析模型。本文基于我国山东、陕西两省对泰国的苹果出口月度数据,构建双重差分模型考察新冠肺炎疫情对山东苹果出口泰国的影响。参考已有文献的做法,将2019年1月至2020年5月作为非实验期,2020年6月至2021年12月作为实验期,将山东省苹果对泰出口作为实验组,陕西省苹果对泰出口作为对照组。第四,从出口量和出口额角度分别考察新冠肺炎疫情对山东苹果出口泰国的影响效果,并通过平行趋势检验、安慰剂检验验证实证结果的稳健性。实证结果显示,相较于陕西省而言新冠肺炎疫情后山东苹果对泰国的出口量和出口额均有显著增长,说明新冠肺炎疫情一定程度上促进了山东苹果对泰国出口。最后,基于本文的分析和研究结果,为减缓突发公共卫生事件对山东苹果出口泰国的冲击,提出相关建议:(1)加强与泰国的苹果贸易协作;(2)加强苹果贸易体系建设和苹果储备体系建设;(3)构建苹果出口环境评价体系,建立适应市场变化的出口结构调整策略;(4)推进高水平对外开放,加强农业开放发展综合试验区建设;(5)加强突发事件应对处置机制建设,完善农业保险相关制度。

关键词： 新型冠状病毒   传播关系   数据提取   知识图谱   WebGIS  

摘要： 自新型冠状病毒肺炎(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19)爆发以来,在各国家及地区持续传播,这对重大公共卫生事件带来了极大的挑战,尤其是在疫情传播过程中涉及个人、地理时空等因素,包括病患人员轨迹、医疗资源和时序病例信息等多种来源不同数据类型的数据。由于疫情数据量庞大、自动化提取程度较低,使得疫情传播关系分析成为难点。本文聚焦于传播关系识别中地理空间和病例人群传播关系的角度,分别构建了多源COVID-19数据提取与分析模型、病患时空信息知识图谱、疫情传播关系分析可视化平台,主要研究成果及内容如下:(1)多源COVID-19数据提取与分析。针对新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)传播过程中产生的多源数据,存在关键信息提取效率低、数据关联性差等问题,提出一种多源COVID-19数据提取与分析方法。以扬州市、石家庄市、重庆市疫情传播数据为例,利用基于对抗的BERT-Bi LSTM-CRF模型抽取病患复杂活动轨迹,进而结合Cox比例风险模型完成城市尺度的COVID-19的风险指数构建。结果表明BERT-Bi LSTM-CRF模型加入对抗扰动算法后模型准确率提升0.62%;通过皮尔逊相关系数和Cox比例风险模型分析发现:59岁以上人口数量、人口流动数、总人口数量、医疗机构数对城市疫情的传播存在显著相关性,疫情风险指数较高的区域均呈现人口流动较大、人口较为密集等特点。(2)病患时空信息知识图谱构建。为解决无法准确定位疫情传播路径的问题,提出了一种构建病患时空信息知识图谱的方法。在解析COVID-19病例数据基础上,定义知识图谱的本体,在定义本体的过程中,采用自顶向下的构建方式。以流行病调查数据为基础,对病例数据进行解析、实体识别和数据存储,完成了数据层的构。通过知识图谱传播关系分析框架进行实验验证,结果表明,通过COVID-19病患时空信息知识图谱对Jaccard相似度分析、Overlap相似度分析和关联关系分析等层面进行验证,该方法较为有效,且具有一定可行性。(3)基于WebGIS疫情传播关系分析可视化平台。针对疫情传播态势分析速度慢、疫情应急资源调配效率低等问题,研发了一套疫情传播关系分析可视化平台。通过关系数据库My SQL、图数据库Neo4j、地理数据库SDE,利用WebGIS、B/S架构,从地理空间和病例人群传播关系的角度出发,依据疫情传播过程产生的多源数据、多源COVID-19数据提取与分析和病患时空信息知识图谱构建的结果,构建了疫情数据时空可视化、病例传播风险地区重点预警、病例传播溯源、疫情决策支持四个模块。结果可为疫情防控部门提供决策参考。