关键词： 新型冠状病毒肺炎   居家   线上学习   医学生   心理健康  

摘要： 目的采用问卷调查的形式了解某三甲医院临床实习生在新冠肺炎疫情居家线上学习期间心理健康状况,以期全面掌握医学生在线学习情况及心理健康状况,为进一步完善学生居家教学管理提供参考依据。方法采用自制问卷、患者健康问卷抑郁症状群量表(PHQ-9)及广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)对某三甲医院进行临床实习的5所院校医学生进行问卷调查。结果调查研究显示,PHQ-9得分为[1(0,4)]分,GAD-7得分[0(0,1)]分;居家线上学习医学生抑郁检出率为21.43%,焦虑检出率为12.24%;独生子女、大学本科、对在线课程不满意等因素是导致抑郁及焦虑的主要因素。结论疫情防控期间居家学习医学生有心理健康辅导需求,教学管理部门需高度重视疫情防控期间居家学习医学生心理健康状况,有针对性地开展心理健康教育及辅导工作,有序开展疫情防控期间教学管理工作。

关键词： 新型冠狀病毒感染   胸片   急症   重症  

摘要： 目的探討胸片在新型冠狀病毒(COVID-19)肺炎爆發時期急重症病人分流中的應用價值。方法對2022年12月15日~2023年1月31日診斷COVID-19感染患者的首診胸片進行回顧性分析,通過對雙側肺野滲出性病變進行分區定量積分計算,探討新冠肺炎肺部滲出性病變的積分與臨床特徵的相關性。結果106例患者胸片病變分佈以雙下肺為主(χ^(2)=116.0,P<0.00);左右肺、内外帶分佈無差異主(χ^(2)=1.66,P=0.79;主χ^(2)=0.73,P=0.39);病變形態以實質與間質混合型為主。有呼吸困難症狀、指尖氧飽和度(SpO_(2))減低者,胸片積分分別高於無呼吸困難症狀及SpO_(2)正常者(t=14.81/t=8.69,P均<0.00)。門急診患者胸片積分分佈低於住院患者主(χ^(2)=9.25,P<0.05),好轉組胸片積分分佈低於死亡組患者主(χ^(2)=7.00,P<0.05)。胸片積分高者住院時間相對較長(H=6.45,P<0.05)。胸片積分與肺炎嚴重程度呈正相關關係(r=0.59,P<0.05)。結論COVID-19感染疫情爆發時期胸片在急重症分流中具有一定應用價值果。

关键词： 2019-nCoV   Convalescent plasma therapy   Coro-navirus   Herd immunity   Reinfection   SARS-CoV-2  

摘要： Unlike pandemics in the past, the outbreak of coro-navirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which rapidly spread worldwide, was met with a different approach to control and measures implemented across affected countries. The lack of understanding of the funda-mental nature of the outbreak continues to make COVID-19 challenging to manage for both healthcare practitioners and the scientific community. Challenges to vaccine development and evaluation, current ther-apeutic options, convalescent plasma therapy, herd immunity, and the emergence of reinfection and new variants remain the major obstacles to combating COVID-19. This review discusses these challenges in the management of COVID-19 at length and highlights the mechanisms needed to provide better understand-ing of this pandemic.

关键词： Coronavirus  

摘要： The spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) and the need to confront it raises the question about the possibility of reaching a balance between combating this virus, on the one hand, and protecting rights and freedoms, on the other hand. Using a descriptive and analytical approach, the study aimed to answer this question based on international standards and then applied these standards to the reality of the situation in Jordan to determine the extent of the Jordanian government's commitment to human rights standards in the measures taken to combat the coronavirus. It was found that international standards allow for the restriction of rights and freedoms to the extent necessary to maintain health threatened by the Corona virus, however, it is not permissible to expand these restrictions under the pretext of preventing this virus. The study also concluded that the Jordanian government authorities used the Defense Law of 1992, as a law for states of emergency, to restrict freedom of expression without justification. In addition, the closure of schools affected the right to education because the government did not develop a suitable alternative to continue education in schools and universities. On the other hand, the government did not consider the negative economic effects on individuals that caused many individuals to be deprived of their source of livelihood. © 2023 Science Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： 2019-ncov   coronavirus   corticosteroid   COVID-19   glucocorticosteroid  

摘要： Background and Aim: Therapeutic glucocorticosteroid injections are commonly utilised to manage musculoskeletal (MSK) complaints. Following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, national guidelines advised against their use due to potential immunosuppressant effects. The aim of the study was to determine whether steroid injections for MSK conditions impacts on positive COVID 19 infection rates. Patients and Methods: This retrospective evaluation involved primary care participants who received a steroid injection for a MSK condition. 291 participants receiving a total of 299 steroid injections entered the study between the 25 September 2020 and the 29 April 2021. Results: Six participants had positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, averaging 22.83 days (SD 10.48) after the injection. An infection rate of 2.06% was demonstrated in the injection group with the control group demonstrating 6.97% (p = 0.000752) with statistical significance set at p = 0.05. The odds ratio was identified as 0.27 indicating a lower odds of a positive PCR test compared with the control group. Conclusions: This retrospective evaluation found a low risk of positive PCR tests for low and moderate COVID-19 risk patients injected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Glucocorticosteroid injections within the COVID-19 pandemic were not associated with higher COVID-19 rates compared to the local population, in fact, they were related to lower rates. For future studies, large scale studies and meta analyses are needed to provide greater generalisation to the population.

摘要： Introduction Various vaccines for protection against COVID-19 were provided emergency approval in late 2020 to early 2021. There is a scarcity of long-term safety data for many of these. Objective The main aim of this study is to provide the one-year safety results of the ChAdOx1-nCoV-19/AZD1222 vaccine and determine the risk factors of adverse events of special interest (AESIs) and persistent AESIs. Methods This was a prospective observational study conducted from February 2021 to April 2022 in a tertiary hospital in North India and its two associated centers. Health care workers, other frontline workers, and the elderly vaccinated with the ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine constituted the study population. Individuals were contacted telephonically at pre-decided intervals for one year and health issues of significant concern were recorded. Atypical adverse events developing after a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine were assessed. Regression analysis was conducted to determine risk factors of AESI occurrence and determinants of AESIs persisting for at least one month at the time of final telephonic contact. Results Of 1650 individuals enrolled, 1520 could be assessed at one-year post-vaccination. COVID-19 occurred in 44.1% of participants. Dengue occurred in 8% of participants. The majority of the AESIs belonged to the -MedDRA((R)) SOC of musculoskeletal disorders (3.7% of 1520). Arthropathy (knee joint involvement) was the most common individual AESI (1.7%). Endocrinal disorders such as thyroid abnormalities and metabolic disorders such as newly diagnosed diabetes developed in 0.4% and 0.3% of individuals, respectively. Regression analysis showed females, individuals with a pre-vaccination history of COVID-19, diabetes, hypothyroidism, and arthropathy had 1.78-, 1.55-, 1.82-, 2.47- and 3.9-times higher odds of AESI development. Females and individuals with hypothyroidism were at 1.66- and 2.23-times higher risk of persistent AESIs. Individuals receiving the vaccine after

关键词： antiretrovirals   nCoV-2019   global pandemic   respiratory infections   SARS   MERS  

摘要： The infection of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started form Wuhan, Chinais a devastating and the incidence rate has increased worldwide. Due to the lack of effective treatment against SARS-CoV-2, various strategies are being tested in China and throughout the world, including drug repurposing. To identify the potent clinical antiretroviral drug candidate against pandemic nCov-19 through computational tools. In this study, we used molecular modelling tool (molecular modelling and molecular dynamics) to identify commercially available drugs that could act on protease proteins of SARS-CoV-2. The result showed that Saquinavir, an antiretroviral medication can be used as a first line agent to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. Saquinavir showed promising binding to the protease active site compared to other possible antiviral agents such as Nelfinavir and Lopinavir. Structural flexibility is one of the important physical properties that affect protein conformation and function and taking this account we performed molecular dynamics studies. Molecular dynamics studies and free energy calculations suggest that Saquinavir binds better to the COVID-19 protease compared to other known antiretrovirals. Our studies clearly propose repurposing of known protease inhibitors for the treatment of COVID-19 infection. Previously ritonavir and lopinavir were proved an important analogues for SARS and MERS in supressing these viruses. In this study it was found that saquinavir has exhibited good G-score and E-model score compared to other analogues. So saquinavir would be prescribe to cure for nCov-2019 either single drug or maybe in combination with ritonavir.

关键词： 2019-nCoV   piezoelectric   Vibration   Optimization   FEM   COMSOL Multiphysics (R) software  

摘要： In the last few years, SARS-CoVID-19 pandemic was the main cause of millions of deaths around the world and was the main reason for global economic recession. It is vital to explore noninvasive procedures to detect and eliminate this pandemic expeditious. In this research, we introduce a technique for detecting and quarantine the SARS-CoVID-19 by designing a piezoelectric device with a natural frequency that is equal to the virus structural natural frequency. Because of the resonance effect, the vibration of the device increases, and the power output produced by the piezoelectric layer in the harvester is used to detect the COVID-19 by powering a small LED. The light of the LED is a sign of infection. Furthermore, when the virus's natural frequency is determined, an ultrasonic resonance device can be used to eliminate the virus. Polymerase chain reaction test (PCR) is costly and time-consuming. Our proposed technique is both fast and inexpensive. The installing of the device, the modeling, and the treatment potentiality are discussed in this paper. To maximize the output power of the device at the virus natural frequency, three optimization algorithms are performed. It is observed that Bound Optimization by Quadratic approximation (BOBYQA) optimization algorithm enhances the output power. The analytical model of the proposed sensing device is derived based on the theory of Euler-Bernoulli. The voltage and power frequency response for open and closed circuits are analytically derived. A Finite Element Method (FEM) for the proposed sensing device is developed and analytically verified. (c) 2023 Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering. All rights reserved

关键词： 接触者追踪法   传染病传播动力学计算法   指数增长率估算法   基本再生数  

摘要： 目的 分别用三种算法计算2020年贵州省新型冠状病毒感染（新冠）疫情基本再生数及相关参数，比较算法在疫情评估中的适用性，为传染病控制策略的制定提供科学依据。方法 研究数据来自贵州省卫生健康委员会官方网站疫情通报。分别使用接触者追踪法、传染病传播动力学计算法与指数增长率估算法计算R0值，并进行比较分析。结果 通过接触者追踪法、传染病传播动力学计算法与指数增长率估算法计算，R0分别为1.82、1.51与1.81。相关参数：序列间隔（SI）均值为5.96d，标准差为2.84d；R0=1.81，95%置信区间（CI）：1.57～2.07；实时再生数Rt在疫情开始的2020年1月16日为3.83（95%CI：3.15～4.51），1月22日达到最高，Rt=4.14（95%CI：3.75～4.52），此后Rt呈下降趋势，2月11日Rt=1.03（95%CI：0.98～1.08），此后Rt降到1以下，2月15日最后1例病例发病，Rt=0.32（95%CI：0.29-0.35）；针对输入性病例实施控制措施的情况下，选择极大似然法重新评估R0=0.51（95%CI：0.36～0.70），选择马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛方法重新评估实时再生数，Rt只在疫情初期短暂大于1，其余时间均保持在1以下。结论 接触者追踪法与指数增长率估算法均选取个体层面的数据进行计算，因此结果较相近，传染病传播动力学计算法通过人口层面数据进行数学建模，与上述两种方法的计算结果有所区别，三种算法适用于疫情的不同场景。通过估计SI证明快速流调并隔离密切接触者能有效控制疫情规模；纳入全部病例估算R0>1，考虑输入病例因素后R0<1，证明较早地采取在重点人群中开展核酸筛查可阻止疫情传播；Rt呈下降趋势说明疫情得以控制，最终实现病例清零。

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 variant   COVID-19   AZD1222   ChAdOx1 nCov-19   Vaccine efficacy  

摘要： COVID-19 vaccine efficacy (VE) has been observed to vary against antigenically distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoC). Here we report the final analysis of VE and safety from COV005: a phase 1b/2, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of primary series AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccination in South African adults aged 18-65 years. South Africa's first, second, and third waves of SARS-CoV-2 infections were respectively driven by the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus (wild type, WT), and SARS-CoV-2 Beta and Delta VoCs. VE against asymptomatic and symptomatic infection was 90.6% for WT, 6.7% for Beta and 77.1% for Delta. No cases of severe COVID-19 were documented ahead of unblinding. Safety was consistent with the interim analysis, with no new safety concerns identified. Notably, South Africa's Delta wave occurred >= 9 months after primary series vaccination, suggesting that primary series AZD1222 vaccination offers a good durability of protection, potentially due to an anamnestic response. (C) 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd.