摘要： Despite the success of COVID-19 vaccines, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern have emerged that can cause breakthrough infections. Although protection against severe disease has been largely preserved, the immunological mediators of protection in humans remain undefined. We performed a substudy on the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccinees enrolled in a South African clinical trial. At peak immunogenicity, before infection, no differences were observed in immunoglobulin (Ig)G1-binding antibody titers;however, the vaccine induced different Fc-receptor-binding antibodies across groups. Vaccinees who resisted COVID-19 exclusively mounted Fc gamma R3B-binding antibodies. In contrast, enhanced IgA and IgG3, linked to enriched Fc gamma R2B binding, was observed in individuals who experienced breakthrough. Antibodies unable to bind to Fc gamma R3B led to immune complex clearance and resulted in inflammatory cascades. Differential antibody binding to Fc gamma R3B was linked to Fc-glycosylation differences in SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. These data potentially point to specific Fc gamma R3B-mediated antibody functional profiles as critical markers of immunity against COVID-19. Kaplonek et al. provide a prospective look at ChAdOx1 nCoV-19-vaccinated individuals who go on to experience breakthrough COVID infections. They report an antibody Fc profile characterized by higher FcgR2b and reduced Fcgr3b for individuals who are more susceptible to breakthrough infections.

关键词： haemophilia   factor VIII   suprachoroidal haemorrhage   acute angle-closure glaucoma   ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine  

摘要： Purpose To report a case of spontaneous suprachoroidal haemorrhage in a haemophilia patient immediately following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. Case presentation A 60-year-old man with haemophilia developed painful vision loss in his left eye a day following the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination due to acute angle-closure glaucoma from a massive suprachoroidal haemorrhage. He had an extremely deranged coagulation profile;activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT): 89 s, normal range 29-35 s After factor VIII transfusion, ocular hypotensive therapy and systemic/topical steroids, the suprachoroidal haemorrhage and glaucoma resolved, but the vision remained poor. Conclusion Spontaneous suprachoroidal haemorrhage may be seen in haemophiliacs with deranged coagulation profiles. In our case, it followed ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination, and we recommend caution and checking the coagulation profile in such patients apriori.

摘要： Background Aerosolised Ad5-nCoV is the first approved mucosal respiratory COVID-19 vaccine to be used as a booster after the primary immunisation with COVID-19 vaccines. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of aerosolised Ad5-nCoV, intramuscular Ad5-nCoV, or inactivated COVID-19 vaccine CoronaVac given as the second *** This is an open-label, parallel-controlled, phase 4 randomised trial enrolling healthy adult participants (& GE;18 years) who had completed a two-dose primary immunisation and a booster immunisation with inactivated COVID-19 vaccines (CoronaVac only) at least 6 months before, in Lianshui and Donghai counties, Jiangsu Province, China. We recruited eligible participants from previous trials in China (NCT04892459, NCT04952727, and NCT05043259) as cohort 1 (with the serum before and after the first booster dose available), and from eligible volunteers in Lianshui and Donghai counties, Jiangsu Province, as cohort 2. Participants were randomly assigned at a ratio of 1:1:1, using a web-based interactive response randomisation system, to receive the fourth dose (second booster) of aerosolised Ad5-nCoV (0 & BULL;1 mL of 1 & BULL;0 x 1011 viral particles per mL), intramuscular Ad5-nCoV (0 & BULL;5 mL of 1 & BULL;0 x 1011 viral particles per mL), or inactivated COVID-19 vaccine CoronaVac (0 & BULL;5 mL), respectively. The co-primary outcomes were safety and immunogenicity of geometric mean titres (GMTs) of serum neutralising antibodies against prototype live SARS-CoV-2 virus 28 days after the vaccination, assessed on a per-protocol basis. Non-inferiority or superiority was achieved when the lower limit of the 95% CI of the GMT ratio (heterologous group vs homologous group) exceeded 0 & BULL;67 or 1 & BULL;0, respectively. This study was registered with ***, NCT05303584 and is ongoing. Findings Between April 23 and May 23, 2022, from 367 volunteers screened for eligibility, 356 participants met eligibility criteri

关键词： COVID-19   AZD1222   ChAdOx1 nCoV-19   Japan   Vaccine   Humoral response  

摘要： Background: Long duration trial data for two-dose COVID-19 vaccines primary series' are uncommon due to unblinding and additional doses. We report one-year follow-up results from a phase 1/2 trial of AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) in Japan. Methods: Adults (n = 256) seronegative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) were stratified by age, 18-55 (n = 128), 56-69 (n = 86) and & GE;70-year-old (n = 42), and randomized 3:1 to AZD1222 or placebo. Safety, immunogenicity, and exploratory efficacy data were collected until study Day 365. Results: Safety was consistent with previous reports. In AZD1222 vaccinees, humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 steadily declined over time. By Day 365, anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike-binding (spike) and receptor-binding domain (RBD) mean antibody titers remained above Day 15 levels and pseudovirus neu-tralizing antibodies were undetectable in many participants. Conclusions: AZD1222 is immunogenic and well tolerated in Japanese adults. Expected waning in anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral responses was observed;spike and RBD antibody titers remained elevated. (***: NCT04568031). & COPY;2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： COVID-19 pandemic   Opportunity intention   Gender   Nascent entrepreneur   Perceived environmental uncertainty   Social network support  

摘要： PurposeThe novel coronavirus (nCoV) pandemic, and the challenges of social distancing, proffer a unique opportunity to re-explore the role of social network support in entrepreneurship. Applying social support theory and gender schema theory, this study aims to examine the gender-based differences in prospective entrepreneurs' reliance on their social networks in their entrepreneurial journey amid social ***/methodology/approachThe authors collected two-stage primary survey data of prospective entrepreneurs within the pandemic's timeframe from Science and Technology Parks in Iran, one of the first countries to deal with the first, second and third waves of the 2019-nCoV *** findings demonstrate that female entrepreneurs rely more strongly on their social network support for guidance and encouragement, which positively affects their opportunity intention. While this effect is also seen in men, the effect size is smaller. Also, prospective female entrepreneurs were generally more dissuaded from opportunity intention by the severe perceived environmental uncertainty of the crisis than were ***/valuePrior research on the interaction between social network support and opportunity intentions has been examined in the context of socio-economic normalcy. The authors test whether, how and why these interactions hold in times of crisis, with especial attention to the mechanisms of experienced stress, perceived environmental uncertainty and idea innovativeness.

关键词： 新型冠状病毒   流行性感冒   流行病学及病原学   预防应对策略  

摘要： 流行性感冒对医学界来说是一个古老而沉重的话题,是目前为止人类发病率最高、传染性最强,也是危害最大、最容易因为被轻视而导致不良后果的传染病之一。流感病毒与目前全球范围内暴发流行的新型冠状病毒存在很多相似性,都是传染性强、危害大的呼吸道传染病毒,也很容易变异。对比流行性感冒给我们带来的历史性伤害,新型冠状病毒感染疫情已经成为当前全球危害最大的传染病,已造成超过6亿人感染、超过650万人死亡的大流行。虽然流行性感冒与新型冠状病毒感染作为人类当前需要面对的主要公共健康问题之一,但是相信在不久的将来,通过各国不断努力,依然能够有效预防和控制。

关键词： 新型冠状病毒   公共卫生管理   孕妇   交叉感染  

摘要： 目的探讨在新型冠状病毒感染疫情高发状态下,针对孕产妇实施的封闭封控管理方案,能否既保障母婴安全,又防止院内感染,提高医疗工作运行效率,防止急危重症救治延误。方法封闭封控管理区内,省卫健委妇幼处联合进驻医疗队成立孕产妇疫情防控工作组,根据国家印发的新型冠状病毒感染防控相关文件,并结合产科疾病特点制定新的分级分类管理方案及相关流程。结果通过各项方案的实施,在封闭封控管理区内的孕产妇无新冠感染病例,所有孕产妇得到了医疗保障,重症孕产妇得到及时救治。结论在疫情状态下,针对孕产妇这一特殊群体及时制定管理方案,可以防止院内感染,提高医疗工作运行效率,避免因疫情防控因素导致的不良母婴结局。