关键词： 新型冠状病毒   AIEgens   可视化   现场   气溶胶  

摘要： 新型冠状病毒暴露场所的气溶胶现场快速检测有助于快速采取控制传染措施,保证公共环境安全。该研究基于便携式聚合酶链式反应(PCR)仪和聚集诱导发光探针(AIE luminogens,AIEgens),与大气颗粒物采样器结合,建立了新型冠状病毒污染气溶胶样品的可视化识别方法。首先对阳性质粒样品进行PCR扩增,再与AIEgens 1,1,2,2-四[4-(2-溴-乙氧基)苯基]乙烯(TTAPE)结合后发出蓝色荧光。在紫外灯下用肉眼或便携式智能手机可以清楚地观察。结果表明,阳性质粒可被肉眼或智能设备检出,而阴性样品不发光,证明了方法的特异性。研究发现阳性质粒质量浓度为5 ng/L时仍然可以实现可视化区分。将该便携式系统应用于新型冠状病毒污染气溶胶实际样品的现场筛查,结果均为阴性。

关键词： 新型冠状病毒肺炎   护士执业环境   调查  

摘要： 目的了解2019新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间上海某三甲医院护士的执业环境及其特征,调查并明确疫情对护士执业环境的影响,为后续常态化疫情管理中护士执业环境的改善提供依据。方法于2020年6月,采用国家卫生和计划生育委员会医院管理研究所护理中心提供的护士执业环境测评问卷,对上海某三级甲等医院全体护士进行调查。结果在所有护士中,1521名护士(76.01%)完成本次调查,护士执业环境的测评均分为(90.47±14.62)分。问卷调查结果显示,不同服务年限、职称及能力水平的护士在护士执业环境各维度及总分上均存在统计学差异(P<0.05),不同文化程度的护士在沟通交流及社会地位维度方面均存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论我院护士在新型冠状病毒疫情期间的执业环境评价处于较高水平,且不同工龄、职称及能力水平的护士对执业环境的评价不同。

关键词： 低温消毒   新型冠状病毒感染   防冻剂   SARS-CoV-2  

摘要： 国务院发布的《新型冠状病毒肺炎防控方案(第八版)》中明确指出,“新型冠状病毒对紫外线和热敏感,乙醚、75%乙醇、含氯消毒剂、过氧乙酸和氯仿等脂溶剂均可有效灭活病毒。”“主要传播途径为经呼吸道飞沫和密切接触传播,接触病毒污染的物品也可造成感染”[1]。我国研究人员通过对2020年6月北京疫情相关病例、环境和食品等样品的核酸测序和病毒基因组序列分析,结合全面的流行病学调查和大数据分析,揭示了该疫情可能源于冷链食品污染,提出冷链运输可能是新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)传播的新途径[2]。从事冷链食品生产经营活动的人员一旦感染SARS-CoV-2,并在感染后未及时调离工作岗位,继续从事食品生产、装卸、运输、贮存及销售等工作,病毒就有可能会通过感染者污染食品及其包装材料表面;并且随着冷链食品扩散,如果相关防控工作不到位,就存在导致相关的接触者感染和病毒传播的潜在风险[3]。

关键词： 新型冠状病毒感染   宏基因二代测序技术(mNGS)   肠道菌群   体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)   俯卧位通气   胸腔积液   上消化道大出血  

摘要： 新型冠状病毒具有较强的传染性,感染的患者早期症状相对较轻,但是随着病情的不断加重,体内病毒不断复制,人体免疫反应逐渐激烈,可能演变成危重症。患者会出现一系列呼吸道症状,如呼吸短促、呼吸困难、低氧血症,甚至呼吸衰竭;严重者可迅速进展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征、脓毒性休克、难以纠正的代谢性酸中毒、出凝血功能障碍及多器官功能衰竭等.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2   泛素化   LASSO回归分析   生物标志物  

摘要： 目的 探究泛素蛋白酶体功能激活与新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)之间的关系,构建风险模型,为COVID-19的预后评估提供潜在的生物标志物。方法 使用生物信息学分析公共数据库中COVID-19患者的转录组数据,对非COVID-19和COVID-19患者以及聚类分析得到的簇1和簇2分别进行差异分析,以其重合的差异基因构建最小绝对收缩和选择算子(LASSO)回归+Cox多因素回归分析预后模型,绘制生存曲线并使用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估预后模型效果,结合其对应的临床信息验证该模型的可靠性。结果 取簇1和簇2差异表达基因(DEGs)与非COVID-19和COVID-19患者DEGs的交集,得到的230个基因进行LASSO回归分析,其中9个关键DEGs用于构建风险模型。以0.79为临界值将患者分为高风险组和低风险组,两组的机械通气概率曲线具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析训练集的10、20、30 d的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.919、0.962和0.987,经过测试集验证,同时结合临床信息分析,结果表明该风险模型具有一定的预测性和稳定性。结论 基于泛素化特征的预后分层和生物标记物筛选在临床管理和药物开发中可能发挥重要作用。

关键词： 新型冠状病毒   3CL蛋白酶   抑制剂   构效关系   拟肽  

摘要： 2019年出现的新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)导致了一场席卷全球的大流行疾病,截止2022年底,全球新冠感染病例超过6.7亿,死亡病例已经超过700万,对社会和经济造成了巨大损失。尽管在前期的临床研发过程中,疫苗技术率先用于临床并实现全球范围内的接种,为预防病毒提供了免疫屏障;但新型冠状病毒变异能力强,亟需针对潜在的病毒变异开发更加有效的治疗药物。SARS-CoV-2的3CL蛋白酶(3CLpro),因其在病毒生命周期中的重要性及其在不同冠状病毒中的高度保守性,已成为临床药物开发极具吸引力的靶点。截止2023年初,以3CLpro为靶点的抑制剂已有多个进入临床阶段或已批准上市。本文主要针对已经进入临床阶段和已经上市的新型冠状病毒3CLpro抑制剂进行分类总结,为未来针对冠状病毒抑制剂的研发和降低疫情风险提供一定的理论借鉴。

关键词： Aging   CD8(+) T cells   immunity   SARS-CoV-2   vaccination  

摘要： Effective vaccines have reduced the morbidity and mortality caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection;however, the elderly remain the most at risk. Understanding how vaccines generate protective immunity and how these mechanisms change with age is key for informing future vaccine design. Cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells are important for killing virally infected cells, and vaccines that induce antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells in addition to humoral immunity provide an extra layer of immune protection. This is particularly important in cases where antibody titers are suboptimal, as can occur in older individuals. Here, we show that in aged mice, spike epitope-specific CD8(+) T cells are generated in comparable numbers to younger animals after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination, although phenotypic differences exist. This demonstrates that ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 elicits a good CD8(+) T-cell response in older bodies, but that typical age-associated features are evident on these vaccine reactive T cells.

关键词： ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination   immunogenicity   SARS-CoV-2  

摘要： We assessed the immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination by evaluating the levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG after vaccination and investigated the effect of diverse factors such as gender, age, and adverse reactions after vaccination. The study included a total of 1028 serum samples from 452 healthcare workers. SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were assessed using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay. Participants completed a questionnaire regarding the intensity and duration of adverse reactions after vaccination. The seropositive rates after the first and second doses were 95.5% and 100%, respectively. The median antibody levels after the second dose showed a 4.2-fold increase compared with the first. Five months after the second dose, the median antibody levels decreased by 3.5-fold. The antibody levels in men were lower than those in women after the first dose and were higher after the second dose. There was no difference according to age groups after the first dose, but after the second dose, in subjects aged 50 and above, the rise in antibody levels was less than that in other age groups. The antibody levels among participants with moderate or severe symptoms were significantly higher than those among participants with mild symptoms after the first dose. There were no statistically significant differences according to the duration of symptoms. We could assume that different age groups and genders might have different immunogenicity following vaccination. The intensity of adverse symptoms was positively correlated with the antibody levels, implying that higher immunogenicity is related to the intensity of adverse symptoms after vaccination.

关键词： COVID-19 vaccinees   DNase   NETs  

摘要： Increased levels of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been detected in individuals with vaccine complications after the ChAdOx1 nCov vaccine with a correlation between the severity of vaccine side effects and the level of NETosis. DNases may disrupt NETs by degrading their content of DNA, and a balance has been reported between NETs and DNases. Because of this and since the inflammatory marker NETs may be used as a confirmatory test in diagnosing VITT, it is of interest to monitor levels of DNase in patients with increased NETs levels. The current novel rapid DNase ELISA was tested in blood samples of patients with known increased levels of NETs with or without VITT after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. DNase levels in VITT patients were significantly increased compared with normal unvaccinated blood donors and compared with patients with post-vaccination symptoms but not VITT. However, since EDTA was found to inhibit DNase, serum and not EDTA-plasma samples should be applied for DNase testing. The novel DNase assay may serve as a supplementary test to the NETs test when analysing samples from patients with suspected increased NETs levels.