关键词： ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination   immunogenicity   SARS-CoV-2  

摘要： We assessed the immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination by evaluating the levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG after vaccination and investigated the effect of diverse factors such as gender, age, and adverse reactions after vaccination. The study included a total of 1028 serum samples from 452 healthcare workers. SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were assessed using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay. Participants completed a questionnaire regarding the intensity and duration of adverse reactions after vaccination. The seropositive rates after the first and second doses were 95.5% and 100%, respectively. The median antibody levels after the second dose showed a 4.2-fold increase compared with the first. Five months after the second dose, the median antibody levels decreased by 3.5-fold. The antibody levels in men were lower than those in women after the first dose and were higher after the second dose. There was no difference according to age groups after the first dose, but after the second dose, in subjects aged 50 and above, the rise in antibody levels was less than that in other age groups. The antibody levels among participants with moderate or severe symptoms were significantly higher than those among participants with mild symptoms after the first dose. There were no statistically significant differences according to the duration of symptoms. We could assume that different age groups and genders might have different immunogenicity following vaccination. The intensity of adverse symptoms was positively correlated with the antibody levels, implying that higher immunogenicity is related to the intensity of adverse symptoms after vaccination.

关键词： COVID-19 vaccinees   DNase   NETs  

摘要： Increased levels of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been detected in individuals with vaccine complications after the ChAdOx1 nCov vaccine with a correlation between the severity of vaccine side effects and the level of NETosis. DNases may disrupt NETs by degrading their content of DNA, and a balance has been reported between NETs and DNases. Because of this and since the inflammatory marker NETs may be used as a confirmatory test in diagnosing VITT, it is of interest to monitor levels of DNase in patients with increased NETs levels. The current novel rapid DNase ELISA was tested in blood samples of patients with known increased levels of NETs with or without VITT after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. DNase levels in VITT patients were significantly increased compared with normal unvaccinated blood donors and compared with patients with post-vaccination symptoms but not VITT. However, since EDTA was found to inhibit DNase, serum and not EDTA-plasma samples should be applied for DNase testing. The novel DNase assay may serve as a supplementary test to the NETs test when analysing samples from patients with suspected increased NETs levels.

摘要： Despite the success of COVID-19 vaccines, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern have emerged that can cause breakthrough infections. Although protection against severe disease has been largely preserved, the immunological mediators of protection in humans remain undefined. We performed a substudy on the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccinees enrolled in a South African clinical trial. At peak immunogenicity, before infection, no differences were observed in immunoglobulin (Ig)G1-binding antibody titers;however, the vaccine induced different Fc-receptor-binding antibodies across groups. Vaccinees who resisted COVID-19 exclusively mounted Fc gamma R3B-binding antibodies. In contrast, enhanced IgA and IgG3, linked to enriched Fc gamma R2B binding, was observed in individuals who experienced breakthrough. Antibodies unable to bind to Fc gamma R3B led to immune complex clearance and resulted in inflammatory cascades. Differential antibody binding to Fc gamma R3B was linked to Fc-glycosylation differences in SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. These data potentially point to specific Fc gamma R3B-mediated antibody functional profiles as critical markers of immunity against COVID-19. Kaplonek et al. provide a prospective look at ChAdOx1 nCoV-19-vaccinated individuals who go on to experience breakthrough COVID infections. They report an antibody Fc profile characterized by higher FcgR2b and reduced Fcgr3b for individuals who are more susceptible to breakthrough infections.

关键词： haemophilia   factor VIII   suprachoroidal haemorrhage   acute angle-closure glaucoma   ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine  

摘要： Purpose To report a case of spontaneous suprachoroidal haemorrhage in a haemophilia patient immediately following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. Case presentation A 60-year-old man with haemophilia developed painful vision loss in his left eye a day following the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination due to acute angle-closure glaucoma from a massive suprachoroidal haemorrhage. He had an extremely deranged coagulation profile;activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT): 89 s, normal range 29-35 s After factor VIII transfusion, ocular hypotensive therapy and systemic/topical steroids, the suprachoroidal haemorrhage and glaucoma resolved, but the vision remained poor. Conclusion Spontaneous suprachoroidal haemorrhage may be seen in haemophiliacs with deranged coagulation profiles. In our case, it followed ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination, and we recommend caution and checking the coagulation profile in such patients apriori.

摘要： Background Aerosolised Ad5-nCoV is the first approved mucosal respiratory COVID-19 vaccine to be used as a booster after the primary immunisation with COVID-19 vaccines. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of aerosolised Ad5-nCoV, intramuscular Ad5-nCoV, or inactivated COVID-19 vaccine CoronaVac given as the second *** This is an open-label, parallel-controlled, phase 4 randomised trial enrolling healthy adult participants (& GE;18 years) who had completed a two-dose primary immunisation and a booster immunisation with inactivated COVID-19 vaccines (CoronaVac only) at least 6 months before, in Lianshui and Donghai counties, Jiangsu Province, China. We recruited eligible participants from previous trials in China (NCT04892459, NCT04952727, and NCT05043259) as cohort 1 (with the serum before and after the first booster dose available), and from eligible volunteers in Lianshui and Donghai counties, Jiangsu Province, as cohort 2. Participants were randomly assigned at a ratio of 1:1:1, using a web-based interactive response randomisation system, to receive the fourth dose (second booster) of aerosolised Ad5-nCoV (0 & BULL;1 mL of 1 & BULL;0 x 1011 viral particles per mL), intramuscular Ad5-nCoV (0 & BULL;5 mL of 1 & BULL;0 x 1011 viral particles per mL), or inactivated COVID-19 vaccine CoronaVac (0 & BULL;5 mL), respectively. The co-primary outcomes were safety and immunogenicity of geometric mean titres (GMTs) of serum neutralising antibodies against prototype live SARS-CoV-2 virus 28 days after the vaccination, assessed on a per-protocol basis. Non-inferiority or superiority was achieved when the lower limit of the 95% CI of the GMT ratio (heterologous group vs homologous group) exceeded 0 & BULL;67 or 1 & BULL;0, respectively. This study was registered with ***, NCT05303584 and is ongoing. Findings Between April 23 and May 23, 2022, from 367 volunteers screened for eligibility, 356 participants met eligibility criteri

关键词： COVID-19   AZD1222   ChAdOx1 nCoV-19   Japan   Vaccine   Humoral response  

摘要： Background: Long duration trial data for two-dose COVID-19 vaccines primary series' are uncommon due to unblinding and additional doses. We report one-year follow-up results from a phase 1/2 trial of AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) in Japan. Methods: Adults (n = 256) seronegative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) were stratified by age, 18-55 (n = 128), 56-69 (n = 86) and & GE;70-year-old (n = 42), and randomized 3:1 to AZD1222 or placebo. Safety, immunogenicity, and exploratory efficacy data were collected until study Day 365. Results: Safety was consistent with previous reports. In AZD1222 vaccinees, humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 steadily declined over time. By Day 365, anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike-binding (spike) and receptor-binding domain (RBD) mean antibody titers remained above Day 15 levels and pseudovirus neu-tralizing antibodies were undetectable in many participants. Conclusions: AZD1222 is immunogenic and well tolerated in Japanese adults. Expected waning in anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral responses was observed;spike and RBD antibody titers remained elevated. (***: NCT04568031). & COPY;2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： COVID-19 pandemic   Opportunity intention   Gender   Nascent entrepreneur   Perceived environmental uncertainty   Social network support  

摘要： PurposeThe novel coronavirus (nCoV) pandemic, and the challenges of social distancing, proffer a unique opportunity to re-explore the role of social network support in entrepreneurship. Applying social support theory and gender schema theory, this study aims to examine the gender-based differences in prospective entrepreneurs' reliance on their social networks in their entrepreneurial journey amid social ***/methodology/approachThe authors collected two-stage primary survey data of prospective entrepreneurs within the pandemic's timeframe from Science and Technology Parks in Iran, one of the first countries to deal with the first, second and third waves of the 2019-nCoV *** findings demonstrate that female entrepreneurs rely more strongly on their social network support for guidance and encouragement, which positively affects their opportunity intention. While this effect is also seen in men, the effect size is smaller. Also, prospective female entrepreneurs were generally more dissuaded from opportunity intention by the severe perceived environmental uncertainty of the crisis than were ***/valuePrior research on the interaction between social network support and opportunity intentions has been examined in the context of socio-economic normalcy. The authors test whether, how and why these interactions hold in times of crisis, with especial attention to the mechanisms of experienced stress, perceived environmental uncertainty and idea innovativeness.