关键词： SARS-CoV-2   COVID-19   Anterior nasal swab   RT-qPCR   Rapid antigen test  

摘要： The promising diagnostic performance of rapid antigen tests (RATs) using non-invasive anterior nasal (AN) swab specimens to diagnose COVID-19 has been reported. A large number of RATs are commercially available;however, the careful assessment of RATs is essential prior to their implementation in clinical practice. We evaluated the clinical performance of the GLINE-2019-nCoV Ag Kit as a RAT using AN swabs in a prospective, blinded study. Adult patients who visited outpatient departments and received SARS-CoV-2 tests between August 16 and September 8, 2022, were eligible for this study. Patients who were aged under 18 years and patients without appropriate specimens were excluded. Two sets of AN and nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs were collected from all patients. Each set of specimens was tested by the RAT and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Of the 138 recruited patients, 84 were positive and 54 were negative by RT-qPCR using NP swabs. The positive agreement rate between RT-qPCR using NP swabs and RAT using AN swabs was 78.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68.3%-86.8%), the negative agreement rate was 98.1% (95% CI, 90.1%- 99.9%), and the overall agreement rate was 86.2% (95% CI, 79.3%-91.5%), with a & kappa;coefficient of 0.73. The positive agreement rate in the early phase (& LE;3 days from symptom onset) was >80%, but this fell to 50% in the late phase (& GE;4 days). This study demonstrates that the GLINE-2019-nCoV Ag Kit using AN swabs has good clinical performance and might be a reliable alternative method for diagnosing COVID-19.

关键词： 2019-nCoV   environment   energy   mobility   pandemic   pollutions  

摘要： Since January 2020, the battle against COVID-19 has been a critical priority for more than 200 nations, so as the academic community. With this regard, the scientific community produced hundreds of publications spanning various topics to remedy this worldwide epidemic. Despite this, little work has looked into its relationship to the sustainable environment debate. Nations had to implement measures such as isolation, movement restrictions, lockdown and social seclusion, just to mention a few. The consequences of these actions were felt in the economy and major societal institutions, but these reforms had indirect repercussions. This bibliometric examination provided us with reasons to be both pleased and apprehensive. It emphasizes that the overall impact on greenhouse gas emissions was reduced, but solid waste increased. Against the backdrop of the present COVID-19 crisis, this study addressed the critical difficulties and worldwide constraints of solid waste management. Moreover, developing nations showcase less interest in research regarding the theme topic of this study. It is forecasted that economic activities shall bounce back in post pandemic era. Therefore, potential strategies have been proposed in this study in attaining long-term environmental advantages such as (1) Fossil fuel over-reliance reduction;(2) initiating waste management policies;(3) Policymakers and regulators must take the necessary measures to ensure that the environment's healing process is not just transitory. Therefore, findings of this study provide a framework for future research and serve as a starting point for environmental scientists to assess the consequences of COVID-19.

关键词： 2019-nCoV   Caputo fractional derivative   forward-backward sweep method   mathematical model   optimal control problem  

摘要： In this article, we define a mathematical model to analyze the outbreaks of the most deadly disease of the decade named 2019-nCoV by using integer and fractional order derivatives. For the case study, the real data of Russia is taken to perform novel parameter estimation by using the Trust Region Reflective (TRR) algorithm. First, we define an integer order model and then generalize it by using fractional derivatives. A novel optimal control problem is derived to see the impact of possible preventive measures against the spread of 2019-nCoV. We implement the forward-backward sweep method to numerically solve our proposed model and control problem. A number of graphs have been plotted to see the impact of the proposed control practically. The Russian data-based parameter estimation along with the proposal of a mathematical model in the sense of Caputo fractional derivative that contains the memory term in the system are the main novel features of this study.

摘要： Background Heterologous booster immunisation with orally administered aerosolised Ad5-nCoV vaccine (AAd5) has been shown to be safe and highly immunogenic in adults. Here, we aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of heterologous booster immunisation with orally administered AAd5 in children and adolescents aged 6-17 years who had received two doses of inactivated vaccine (BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac).Methods We did a randomised, open-label, parallel-controlled, non-inferiority study to assess the safety and immunogenicity of heterologous booster immunisation with AAd5 (0 & BULL;1 mL) or intramuscular Ad5-nCoV vaccine (IMAd5;0 & BULL;3 mL) and homologous booster immunisation with inactivated vaccine (BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac;0 & BULL;5 mL) in children (aged 6-12 years) and adolescents (aged 13-17 years) who had received two doses of inactivated vaccine at least 3 months earlier in Hunan, China. Children and adolescents who were previously immunised with two-dose BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac were recruited for eligibility screening at least 3 months after the second dose. A stratified block method was used for randomisation, and participants were stratified by age and randomly assigned (3:1:1) to receive AAd5, IMAd5, or inactivated vaccine. The study staff and participants were not masked to treatment allocation. Laboratory and statistical staff were masked during the study. In this interim analysis, adverse events within 14 days and geometric mean titre (GMT) of serum neutralising antibodies on day 28 after the booster vaccination, based on the per-protocol population, were used as the primary outcomes. The analysis of non-inferiority was based on comparison using a one-sided 97 & BULL;5% CI with a non-inferiority margin of 0 & BULL;67. This study was registered at ***, NCT05330871, and is ongoing. Findings Between April 17 and May 28, 2022, 436 participants were screened and 360 were enrolled: 220 received AAd5, 70 received IMAd5, and 70 received inacti

关键词： SARS-Cov-2   Vaccines   Antibodies   Neutralization of variant   Response decay   Cellular memory  

摘要： Infections with SARS-CoV-2 variants and declining immunity after primary vaccination, encouraged the use of booster doses. Some countries changed their immunization programmes to boost with vaccines different from the ones in their original schedule, based on results from immunogenicity and effective-ness studies. This study reports immunological analysis of samples collected in a phase 4 randomized trial, where participants who had previously received two primary doses of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 (ChAd) or inactivated BBV152 vaccine were randomized to receive either ChAd or BBV152 booster and further categorized as: Group 1 (two primary doses of ChAd -ChAd booster), Group 2 (two primary doses of ChAd -BBV152 booster), Group 3 (two primary doses of BBV152 -ChAd booster), and Group 4 (two pri-mary doses of BBV152 -BBV152 booster). SARS-CoV-2 specific cellular and humoral responses at day 0 (pre-boost samples 12-36 weeks after the second primary dose), and at day 28 post booster, were mea-sured in a subset of participants (ChAd recipients, n = 37 and BBV152 recipients, n = 36). Additionally, on day180 post-booster humoral responses were assessed for the entire cohort (N = 378). Primary vaccina-tion with 2 doses of BBV152 generated higher memory-B cells (median% 0.41 vs 0.35) and cytokine pro-ducing CD8-Tcells (median% 0.09 vs 0.04) while lower anti-spike IgG levels (medianAU/ml: 12,433 vs 27,074) as compared to ChAd. Irrespective of the primary vaccine received, ChAd boosted individuals generated higher memory-B cell frequencies and anti-spike IgG levels as compared to BBV152 booster. The percentage ACE-2 inhibition against Omicron and its sub-variants was higher in Group 3 (median > 60 %) as compared to other groups (median < 25 %). At day180 post booster the hierarchy of the antibody amounts was Group 1 ti Group 2 -Group 3 > Group *** humoral and robust cellular immune response to SARS-CoV-2 can be obtained with ChAd booster irrespective of the primary vaccination re

摘要： The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) was used in Thailand during the early outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A previous study showed a low immune response in diabetes patients after the first dose of the AZD1222 vaccine. Furthermore, humoral immune responses after the second vaccination were inconsistent. This study evaluated the immunogenicity following the first and second doses of the AZD1222 vaccine in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared with the general population of Thailand. This was a prospective, single-center cohort study. 59 adults with T2D and 118 age- and sex-matched healthcare personnel were eligible. The participants received two doses of AZD1222 12 weeks apart. Antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, using an automated electrochemiluminesence immunoassay (ECLIA), were measured at baseline, 8 and 12 weeks after the first dose of vaccine, and 4 weeks after the second dose of vaccine. The anti-RBD levels were reported as the geometric mean concentration (GMC) and compared between groups using the geometric mean ratio (GMR). A total of 177 participants were included: The average age of 59 T2D patients was 60.1 years (SD: 11.4), and 31 (52.5%) of them were female. The GMC of anti-RBD 8 and 12 weeks after the first vaccination were significantly lower in T2D (week 8 60;17.05 BAU/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] 11.1-26.19, P=0.035, week 12;24.68 BAU/mL, 95% CI16.4-37.0, P=0.002) than in those without diabetes (week 8;29.79 BAU/mL, 95% CI22.07-40.42, week 12;50.67 BAU/mL, 95% CI40.62-63.20). However, there was no difference in the GMC of anti-RBD 4 weeks after the second vaccination among groups (T2D;687.95 BAU/mL, 95% CI462.7-1022.7, Normal;697.95 BAU/mL, 95% CI583.7-834.5, P=0.947). In both groups, the GMC of anti-RBD was persistently high without decline 12 weeks after the first vaccination. Albuminuria was a major factor related to low humoral immune responses in T2D patients afte

关键词： Disconnection studies   Technology and Society   Opting out   Digital surveillance   Disconnection   Pandemic digitalities  

ISBN: (数字)9781529234688 ISBN: (纸本)9781529234657

摘要： How can we achieve digital justice in the age of COVID-19? This book explores how the pandemic has transformed our use and perception of digital technologies in various settings. It also examines the right to resist or reject these technologies and the politics of refusal in different contexts and scenarios. The book offers a timely and original analysis of the new realities and challenges of digital technologies, paving the way for a post-COVID-19 future. Leading experts in the field ask what digital justice looks like in a time of pandemic across various interdisciplinary contexts and spheres in science, technology and society from public health to education, politics and everyday life.

关键词： COVID-19 vaccine   Booster immunization   Aerosolized Ad5-nCoV vaccine   Neutralizing antibody   BA   5  

摘要： BackgroundSeveral COVID-19 vaccines are in widespread use in China. Few data exist on comparative immunogenicity of different COVID-19 vaccines given as booster doses. We aimed to assess neutralizing antibody levels raised by injectable and inhaled aerosolized recombinant adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-vectored COVID-19 vaccine as a heterologous booster after an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine two-dose primary *** an open-label prospective cohort design, we recruited 136 individuals who had received inactivated vaccine primary series followed by either injectable or inhaled Ad5-vectored vaccine and measured neutralizing antibody titers against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus and Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 variants. We also measured neutralizing antibody levels in convalescent sera from 39 patients who recovered from Omicron BA.2 *** months after primary series vaccination, neutralizing immunity against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 was low and neutralizing immunity against Omicron (B.1.1.529) was lower. Boosting with Ad5-vectored vaccines induced a high immune response against ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Neutralizing responses against Omicron BA.5 were & GE;80% lower than against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 in sera from prime-boost subjects and in convalescent sera from survivors of Omicron BA.2 infection. Inhaled aerosolized Ad5-vectored vaccine was associated with greater neutralizing titers than injectable Ad5-vectored vaccine against ancestral and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 *** findings support the current strategy of heterologous boosting with injectable or inhaled Ad5-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccination of individuals primed with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.

关键词： 应急决策   风险评估   贝叶斯网络   不精确概率   证据理论  

摘要： 新冠肺炎在我国爆发后,分区分级管控措施已经取得了良好的效果,但研判的准确度有待商榷。提出基于不精确概率的贝叶斯网络决策模型,评估疫情区域风险等级划分的准确度。采用贝叶斯网络结构表征风险等级划分过程,并进行了数学描述。通过分析疫情防控中收集的证据,提炼出网络节点状态的不精确概率数值,并将其转化成真、假、不确定三个状态的基本概率分配函数;运用扩展的证据合成技术传递节点的不确定性,评估风险等级划分的准确性。结果表明:区域风险等级划分为中风险的判断准确性较高,而低、高风险的判断准确性较低;疫情防控进入常态化后,精准防控还应结合风险等级的准确度重点考虑低、高风险区域经济社会的秩序安排,以适应应急管理科学化、专业化、智能化、精细化的需要。