关键词： 心肌心包炎   心包积液   新冠病毒感染   病例报告  

摘要： 心肌心包炎(myopericarditis)是指炎症侵袭心肌与心包,可导致心包脏层和壁层炎性渗出,在心包腔内常伴有液体的积聚,形成心包积液[1]。心肌炎和心包炎在病因方面有许多共同点,二者常伴随出现,但炎症侵袭程度并非平行关系,临床实际情况有所侧重。欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)2015年发布的《心包疾病的诊断和管理指南》[2]中提到,若以心包炎为主,合并已知或可疑的心肌炎证据则称之为心肌心包炎,即“累及心肌的心包炎”。若以心肌炎为主,累及心包,称之为心包心肌炎,即“累及心包的心肌炎”。基于此,心肌心包炎是以心包炎为主的临床综合征,当患者病情符合心包炎的特征.

关键词： 新型冠状病毒   角膜疾病   清肺泻肝  

摘要： 新型冠状病毒性角膜疾病是由新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)感染所引发的一种角膜疾病,本病主要表现为眼红、畏光、眼痛、眼痒、异物感、流泪等;体征为白睛肿胀,白睛红赤或混赤,抱轮红赤,白睛表层下片状出血,色如胭脂,黑睛生翳溃陷等[1]。中医学中无“新冠病毒性角膜疾病”这一病名,但有本病相关症状的论述,根据症状,可将其归属于“聚星障”“花翳白陷”“混睛障”“凝脂翳”等范畴;就其白睛红赤表现及强大的人际传染性、流行性和聚集性发病特点,其病名可归于“天行赤眼”“天行赤眼暴翳”。

关键词： 新型冠状病毒感染   抗病毒药物   阿兹夫定   奈玛特韦/利托那韦   莫诺拉韦   先诺特韦/利托那韦   氢溴酸氘瑞米德韦   专家共识  

摘要： 目前,新型冠状病毒感染(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)对人类健康和生命造成的威胁已不容忽视。针对冠状病毒3CL蛋白酶、RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶等靶点的药物已在国内上市。为促进抗新冠病毒药物的合理使用,黑龙江省内呼吸及药学专家制定了本共识,详细地阐述了抗新冠病毒药物的适应症、禁忌症、用法用量、不良反应及注意事项等内容,为临床医师规范用药提供参考和建议。

关键词： 肺动脉高压   新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)   疫苗   心力衰竭  

摘要： 目的:初步分析新型冠状病毒大流行期间肺动脉高压患者的新型冠状病毒感染率、感染后的临床特征及感染的危险因素。方法:2022年12月30日至2023年1月6日期间通过肺动脉高压病友互助组织的微信公众号发布调研链接和二维码,征集全国26个省(直辖市/自治区)年龄≥18岁的肺动脉高压患者填写电子调研问卷。结果:收到293例肺动脉高压患者的有效问卷,平均年龄为(40.6±12.7)岁,其中226例(77.1%)为女性。新型冠状病毒疫苗接种率为59.7%(175/293),117例(39.9%)患者接种3针及以上,145例(49.5%)患者接种灭活疫苗。242例(82.6%)患者感染新型冠状病毒,其中26例(10.7%)为重型/危重型患者,最常见的感染症状为发热(85.5%)、咳嗽(77.7%)、乏力(66.5%)、咽痛(50.0%)、味觉丧失(35.1%)和肌痛(26.5%)。单因素Logistic回归分析发现,年龄(OR=1.057,95%CI:1.027~1.087,P<0.001)和合并肺部疾病(OR=3.341,95%CI:1.215~9.184,P=0.019)与重型/危重型新型冠状病毒感染相关。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,年龄是肺动脉高压患者发生重型/危重型新型冠状病毒感染的独立危险因素(OR=1.049,95%CI:1.019~1.080,P=0.001),重型/危重型新型冠状病毒感染是心力衰竭加重的独立危险因素(OR=10.522,95%CI:4.311~25.682,P<0.001)。结论:参与调研的肺动脉高压患者疫苗接种率低,肺动脉高压患者的重型/危重型新型冠状病毒感染风险较高,高龄是重型/危重型新型冠状病毒感染的独立危险因素,重型/危重型新型冠状病毒感染患者在感染期间心力衰竭加重的风险显著增加。

关键词： 弯曲菌   致泻性大肠埃希菌   副溶血弧菌   沙门菌   诺如病毒   轮状病毒   星状病毒   扎如病毒  

摘要： 目的了解新冠肺炎疫情常态化防控背景下,北京市房山区腹泻病例肠道病原体的感染情况,为肠道传染病的防治工作提供依据。方法2021年1月1日至2021年12月31日,收集北京市房山区某2家二级医院未使用抗生素治疗的腹泻病例的粪便标本,进行志贺菌、沙门菌、副溶血性弧菌、大肠埃希菌、弯曲菌、轮状病毒、诺如病毒、星状病毒、扎如病毒和腺病毒的分离培养鉴定。结果392例腹泻病例,男性219例,女性173例,以青年为主。至少一项病原体阳性的腹泻病例84例,检出肠道病原菌89株,检出率为22.70%,弯曲菌35株,诺如病毒18株,致泻性大肠埃希菌14株,沙门菌10株,副溶血性弧菌4株,轮状病毒4株,扎如病毒2株,肠道腺病毒2株。病原体检出高峰为4~10月。其可疑暴露食品主要为熟食冷荤31例,水果蔬菜9例和凉拌菜8例;食用方式主要为直接食用43例;食用地点主要为居家53例。结论2021年新冠肺炎疫情常态化防控背景下,北京市房山区腹泻病例病原体检出率有所下降,种类多样,以弯曲菌为主,应继续监测并开展多形式的宣传教育,以提升当地居民的食品安全意识。

关键词： 聚合酶链反应   新型冠状病毒   核酸检测   扩增产物   污染治理  

摘要： 目的探讨荧光聚合酶链反应(PCR)法用于新型冠状病毒(新冠病毒)核酸检测时扩增产物污染治理的相关应用。方法建立新冠病毒基因检测扩增产物污染模型、物面污染模型以及空间(气溶胶)污染模型,比较不同化学试剂及物理紫外线照射治理方式对物面污染和空间污染的清除效果。结果75%乙醇消毒剂组、核酸清除剂组和不同浓度有效氯制剂组的循环阈值(CT值)均明显高于对照组,其中核酸清除剂组的CT值最高,玻璃、塑料、金属材质的CT值分别为34.74±2.63、34.68±3.25、35.71±3.07。500、1000、1500、2000、2500 mg/L有效氯制剂组对不同材质的CT值均高于75%乙醇消毒剂组,且有效氯的浓度越高,CT值越大,差异均有统计学意义。不同时长紫外线照射各组的CT值均明显高于对照组;其中以紫外线照射120 min组的CT值最高,玻璃、塑料、金属材质的CT值分别为35.51±2.70、35.49±2.63、35.55±2.58,且紫外线照射时长越长,CT值越大,差异均有统计学意义。治理后的通风+紫外线照射120 min+75%乙醇消毒剂+核酸清除剂+2500 mg/L有效氯制剂组的CT值为36.98±3.47,明显高于治理前及其他各组,差异均有统计学意义。结论荧光PCR法用于新冠核酸检测时扩增产物污染的治理方式较多,对物面污染的治理方式可选择核酸清除剂及2500 mg/L有效氯制剂,以及紫外线照射120 min,对空间污染环境的治理方式可选择通风+紫外线照射120 min+75%乙醇消毒剂+核酸清除剂+2500 mg/L有效氯制剂联合应用,值得重视。

关键词： First cases   COVID-19   2019-nCoV   Infection   Coronavirus  

摘要： Recently, a new respiratory infectious disease called COVID-19 has emerged and created a global emergency. It was initially linked to the animal-to-human transmission. However, it is now thought that COVID-19 is spreading through human-to-human transmission mainly via droplets. As there is no definite antiviral therapy for the treatment of cases with COVID-19 the best option for slowing down the pandemic and reducing mortality rates is protection against the virus of interest. To achieve this goal obtaining information about how first cases infected with COVID-19 is crucial. Hence, this study aims to review the studies published in peer-reviewed journals to report the first confirmed cases with COVID-19. Herein, we review the origin, symptoms, diagnostic tests, and progress of the disease and possible actions of authorities which would be effective in similar pandemics in the future. This study reviewed 13 cases (5 females and 8 males;25-61 years old) from 10 countries. All cases have recovered from COVID-19. The results of this review suggested that timely reports of the confirmed cases, notifying World Health Organization and providing information to the general population about the methods of spreading the virus would have decreased the number of infected cases and mortality rates. In addition, the travel history of the first confirmed cases in various countries suggested that prompt actions in restricting travels and closing borders could be an efficient strategy in preventing the transmission of the disease outside of the affected sites. Efforts should be taken by health authorities for preparing the world for future epidemic/pandemic in terms of developing advanced screening strategies in the borders and diagnostic strategies for early identification of infected cases.

关键词： Coronavirus disease   2019-nCoV   Saliva testing   SARS-CoV-2 detection   Diagnostics  

摘要： Accurate, self-collected, and non-invasive diagnostics are critical to perform mass-screening diagnostic tests for COVID-19. This systematic review with meta-analysis evaluated the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of salivary diagnostics for COVID-19 based on SARS-CoV-2 RNA compared with the current reference tests using a nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) and/or oropharyngeal swab (OPS). An electronic search was performed in seven databases to find COVID-19 diagnostic studies simultaneously using saliva and NPS/OPS tests to detect SARSCoV-2 by RT-PCR. The search resulted in 10,902 records, of which 44 studies were considered eligible. The total sample consisted of 14,043 participants from 21 countries. The accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity for saliva compared with the NPS/OPS was 94.3 % (95 %CI = 92.1;95.9), 96.4 % (95 %CI = 96.1;96.7), and 89.2 % (95 %CI = 85.5;92.0), respectively. Besides, the sensitivity of NPS/OPS was 90.3 % (95 %CI = 86.4;93.2) and saliva was 86.4 % (95 %CI = 82.1;89.8) compared to the combination of saliva and NPS/OPS as the gold standard. Based on low to moderate certainty level these findings suggest a similarity in SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection between NPS/OPS swabs and saliva, and the association of both testing approaches as a reference standard can increase by 3.6 % the SARS-CoV-2 detection compared with NPS/OPS alone. This study supports saliva as an attractive alternative for diagnostic platforms to provide a non-invasive detection of SARS-CoV-2.

关键词： COVID-19   Coronavirus   SARS-COV-2   2019-nCoV   Research   Evaluation   Publications   Review   Meta -analysis  

摘要： Objectives: The threat of the Corona virus has had a profound global impact, prompting extensive discussions among academicians and medical researchers seeking to understand its implications across various fields. Consequently this review aims to explore the COVID-19 research approaches adopted at the Lebanese American University (LAU) between 2019 and 2022 and, to eventually shed light on the importance of the academic publications during this crisis period in the context of Lebanon. Design, Data sources, Eligibility criteria: Studies related to "Coronavirus", "SARS-CoV-2," or "COVID-19 '' were extracted from the SciVal database spanning the period 2019 to 2022. The identified studies, totaling 97 publications, were indexed in Scopus and Web of Science and underwent narrative analysis along with an evaluation using a predefined scale to determine their eligibility. The majority of the studies were literature reviews, followed by observational studies, modeling studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Results: The majority of the identified studies (31 %) were focused on the medical field, primarily the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, 22 % of studies discussed updates related to global finance and economic markets, while 18 % addressed the psychological burden of the pandemic. Other areas covered in the literature included the impact on performance, nutrition, tourism, politics, and telecommunication. Conclusion: This study marks a pioneering endeavor that sparks a crucial dialogue regarding peerreviewed scientific literature during a period of immense need for accurate information. The prevalence of literature reviews can be attributed to the demand for swift dissemination of preliminary findings and the increased call for COVID-19-related research. However, despite the abundance of publications in this specific domain, it is imperative for future research to shift its focus towards the development of novel therapies, preventive measures, psych

关键词： COVID-19   ChAdOx1 nCoV-19   Immunization protocol   Half dose   Full dose  

摘要： Objectives: Previously, we presented the effectiveness of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 half-dose (HD) immunization for preventing new COVID-19 cases. Here, we evaluated the administration of an HD of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in the primary immunization protocol (up to two doses) in reducing moderate and severe cases, hospitalizations, and deaths when compared to the administration of full doses (FD) after a long-term ***: We evaluated data from 29,469 participants between January 2021 and November 2022 who received an HD or FD vaccine and crossed this information with their medical records to identify those who developed moderate or severe cases. All participants were classified into four groups according to their immunization status and followed 500 days after the last vaccine administration. Results: The propensity-score matching analysis indicates that the administration of the two HDs of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 was equivalent to the use of two FDs to reduce moderate and severe COVID-19 cases. The relative risk of being infected and developing moderate or severe conditions after the administration of at least one HD or FD was similar 150 or 500 days after the administration of the ***: Administering two HDs can be used safely as a cost-effective alternative to the primary immunization protocol.