关键词： Citrus sinensis   Colitis   Oxidative stress   Inflammation   Orange juices   Flavonoids  

摘要： Flavonoids may be effective in preventing chronic degenerative diseases linked to oxidative stress, which in turn is involved in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. This study was designed to assess the effects of a flavonoid-rich extract of orange juice (Oje) in mice exposed to experimental colitis. Four days of intracolonic injection of dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) caused colitis in mice. Daily oral administration of Oje decreased the loss of body weight caused by DNBS, lowered neutrophil infiltration, nitrotyrosine and PAR stainings, both TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta generation, nuclear NF-kappa Beta translocation, levels of ICAM-1 and P-selectin as well as increased MPO activity, enhanced MnSOD expression and modulated that of Bcl-2 and Bax. Our results indicate that Oje may be used as functional food in case of colonic oxidative stress-induced inflammation, representing a new healthy approach to avoid ulcerative colitis. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： TREATMENT of diarrhea   INFLAMMATORY bowel diseases  

摘要： to the editors: With great interest we read the review just published in the American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology on “Novel developments in differentiating the role of renal and intestinal sodium hydrogen exchanger 3” by Dominguez Rieg and colleagues

关键词： NR1I2   Homo sapiens nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2   IBD   inflammatory bowel diseases   UC   Ulcerative Colitis   CD   Crohn's Disease   OR   odd radio   CI   confidence interval   PPARα   peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha   FXR   farnesoid X receptor   NRAMP1   natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1   PXR   pregnane X receptor   SNPs   single nucleotide polymorphisms   WOS   Web of Science   HWE   Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium   LD   linkage disequilibrium   CYP3A4   cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase 3A4   PCR-RFLP   polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism  

摘要： Background and objective: Inconsistent results regarding an association between polymorphisms within the Homo sapiens nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 (NR1I2) gene and susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been reported. A systematic review and meta-analysis was thus undertaken to determine whether NR1I2 gene polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of IBD. Methods: Article retrieval was performed using on-line databases, such as PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and WOS. After extracting eligible data, Mantel-Haenszel statistics were applied to calculate the odds radio (OR), 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and P value under a random or fixed-effects model. Results: A total of seven articles with 4410 IBD subjects and 4028 controls were included. Compared with the control group, no significant increase in IBD susceptibility was observed for the -25385C/T (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.78 similar to 1.07, P = 0.259), -24381A/C (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.87 similar to 1.06, P = 0.378), +8055C/T (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.97 similar to 1.15, P = 0.186), or +7635A/G (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.87 similar to 1.05, P = 0.348) polymorphisms within the NR1I2 gene under the allele model.

关键词： Hypoxia   Inflammatory bowel disease   Crohn's disease   Colitis   Hypoxia inducible factor   Prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors  

摘要： Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a general term to describe inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. IBD affects approximately 1 in 200 individuals and exerts a significant health and quality of life burden on patients. Surgical intervention can be curative in ulcerative colitis but there is currently no cure for Crohn's disease. Since this is the case, and the fact that patients are often diagnosed at a young age, IBD exerts a significant financial burden on the health care system, and society as a whole. The underlying pathology of IBD is complex and involves a combination of genetic, environmental and microbial factors. Regardless of the underlying causes of the condition, this disease is universally characterized by disruption to the protective epithelial barrier separating the intestinal lumen above from the mucosal immune system below. Once this barrier becomes compromised a sequence of events ensues, that can occur in repetitive cycles to ensure long-term and serious damage to the gut. The role of hypoxia and hypoxia-dependent signalling pathways are increasingly appreciated to play a role in the physiology and pathophysiology of the intestine. The intestinal epithelium normally exists in a state of physiological hypoxia, with additional tissue hypoxia a feature of active inflammatory disease. Furthermore, recent pre-clinical animal studies have clearly supported the rationale for pharmacologically manipulating the oxygen-sensitive hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway in models of IBD. Thus, this review will discuss the contribution of hypoxia sensitive pathways in the pathology of IBD. Finally we will discuss the emerging evidence for manipulation of hypoxia-sensitive pathways in the treatment of IBD. (C) 2016 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

关键词： HIF-1 alpha   inflammatory bowel disease   IL-33  

摘要： Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), an important barrier to gut microbiota, are subject to low oxygen tension, particularly during intestinal inflammation. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) is expressed highly in the inflamed mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and functions as a key regulator in maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. However, how IEC-derived HIF-1 alpha regulates intestinal immune responses in IBD is still not understood completely. We report here that the expression of HIF-1 alpha and IL-33 was increased significantly in the inflamed mucosa of IBD patients as well as mice with colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). The levels of interleukin (IL)-33 were correlated positively with that of HIF-1 alpha. A HIF-1 alpha-interacting element was identified in the promoter region of IL-33, indicating that HIF-1 alpha activity regulates IL-33 expression. Furthermore, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) facilitated the HIF-1 alpha-dependent IL-33 expression in IEC. Our data thus demonstrate that HIF-1 alpha-dependent IL-33 in IEC functions as a regulatory cytokine in inflamed mucosa of IBD, thereby regulating the intestinal inflammation and maintaining mucosal homeostasis.

关键词： PHENOTYPE   INFLAMMATORY bowel diseases   DISEASE progression   MEDICAL registries   OUTCOME assessment (Medical care)  

摘要： Background Inflammatory bowel diseases lead to progressive bowel damage and need for surgery. While the increase in prevalence of other immune-mediated diseases in IBD is well recognised, the impact of this on the natural history of IBD is unknown. Aim To determine the impact of concomitant immune-mediated diseases on phenotypes and outcomes in IBD. Methods Patients with IBD enrolled in a prospective registry were queried about the presence of other immune-mediated diseases, defined as those where immune dysregulation plays a role in pathogenesis. Demographics and disease-related information were obtained. Subjects also completed measures of quality of life. Multivariable regression models compared disease phenotype and outcomes of IBD patients with and without other immune-mediated diseases. Results The cohort included 2145 IBD patients among whom 458 (21%) had another immune-mediated disease. There was no difference in CD phenotype between the two groups. UC patients were more likely to have pancolitis in the presence of another immune-mediated disease (62%) compared to those without (52%, P = 0.02). IBD patients with another immune-mediated disease had higher rates of needing anti-TNF biologics [Odds ratio (OR) 1.31, 95% CI 1.05-1.63] and surgery (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.99-1.61). The presence of another immune-mediated disease was also associated with lower diseasespecific and general physical quality of life. Conclusions The presence of another immune-mediated disease in IBD patients was associated with higher likelihood of pancolonic involvement in UC, and a modest increase in need for IBD-related surgery and anti-TNF biological therapy. Such patients also experienced worse quality of life.

关键词： INFLAMMATORY bowel diseases -- Diagnosis   LUNG diseases -- Diagnosis   BRONCHIECTASIS   DIAGNOSIS   LUNGS -- Anatomy   AIRWAY (Medicine)   ASTHMA   COMPUTED tomography   DIFFERENTIAL diagnosis   INFECTION   INFLAMMATORY bowel diseases   DISEASE complications  

摘要： Although airway disease associated with inflammatory bowel disease is uncommon, its involvement may have severe clinical consequences. This article reviews the breadth of pathologic processes that can be expected in the various sizes of airways, and provides a differential diagnosis from other airway diseases that can be found in association with inflammatory bowel disease. It also makes suggestions as to how airway disease can be best differentiated by using appropriate special stains.

关键词： INFLAMMATORY bowel diseases   PATIENTS   FATIGUE  

摘要： A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article 'The contribution of clinical and psychosocial factors to fatigue in 182 patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional study' by M. Artom and colleagues published in a 2017 issue of the periodical.

关键词： fecal markers   inflammation   inflammatory bowel disease  

摘要： Over the last two decades, knowledge on fecal biomarkers has substantially increased. Nowadays, these non-invasive markers of inflammation have significant clinical utility in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Their use informs the decision to perform endoscopy before diagnosis is made right through to influencing therapeutic choices and the need for interval endoscopic assessment. In this review, the roles of two S100 proteins, calprotectin, and S100A12 are described along with that of lactoferrin, in the context of inflammatory bowel disease.

关键词： Intraepithelial Neoplasms   Imaging   Inflammatory Bowel Diseases   Endoscopy   Neoplasia   Intestinal Diseases   Endoscopes   Neoplasms   Mucositis  

摘要： Background and Aims: Rapid assessment of mucosal inflammation is of crucial importance for the initial diagnosis and the assessment of mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, the identification of intraepithelial neoplasias in IBD is of key relevance for clinical management. Here, we systematically analyzed the utility of advanced endoscopic imaging techniques for optimized diagnosis in IBD. Methods: PubMed/Medline, Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane library were searched twice for diagnostic studies on advanced endoscopic imaging in IBD. Clinical and technical information was retrieved and subsequently analyzed. Main outcome parameters consisted of the quality of the results, adverse events, and diagnostic yield. Results: Fifty-six clinical studies with a total of 3296 patients were selected for final analysis. Filter technologies permitted a more detailed analysis of mucosal inflammation in IBD. In spite of substantial heterogeneity across studies, dye-based chromoendoscopy with targeted biopsy sampling yielded higher detection rates of intraepithelial neoplasias in ulcerative colitis as compared with white-light endoscopy with random biopsy sampling. Moreover, endocytoscopy and endomicroscopy allowed subsurface imaging of inflamed or neoplastic mucosa in IBD at subcellular resolution. Finally, endomicroscopy-aided molecular imaging enabled the identification of membrane-bound tumor necrosis factor on mucosal cells as a potential driver of disease activity in Crohn's disease. No relevant adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Advanced endoscopic imaging technologies are feasible, safe, and partially effective tools for detailed diagnosis of mucosal inflammation and detection of neoplasias in IBD. Results obtained from these advanced techniques may provide a rational basis for individualized, optimized therapy for IBD patients.