关键词： Glirelin   inflammatory bowel disease   leptin   management   nutritional status  

摘要： Background/Aims: Ghrelin and leptin are thought to play a role in the loss of appetite in active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study seeks to probe into the association of these markers with regards to IBD and the nutritional status of these patients. A case-control study was conducted between May 2015 and March 2016 at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH). Thirty-one patients with IBD (both active and non-active) and forty-one healthy controls (both non-fasting and fasting) were recruited. Patients and Methods: Plasma ghrelin and leptin levels were determined using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) technique. The nutritional status was determined through the standardized Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire. Results: The difference in the plasma ghrelin between active (263.7 pg/mL) and non-active (108 pg/mL) cases was significant (P = 0.02). The difference in mean plasma leptin level between active cases (229.4 pg/mL) vs. non-active cases (359.7 pg/mL) was insignificant (P = 0.4). In fasting (2028.6 pg/mL) and non-fasting controls (438.8 pg/mL), the mean plasma ghrelin values was significantly different (P < 0.01). In contrast, the plasma leptin level difference between fasting (727.3 pg/inL) and non-fasting (577 pg/inL) controls was insignificant (P = 0.14). There is a statistically significant association in mean ghrelin levels between the case group and the control group (P < 0.01). With regards to nutritional status, the mean MNA score of active cases compared to fasting controls was 18.8 5 vs. 20.8 +/- 3.8, respectively (P < 0.01) Conclusion: Ghrelin levels were lower in the active IBD cases compared to the inactive ones, signifying an underlying pathology as etiology to this phenomenon. Furthermore, ghrelin levels were significantly lower in both case groups compared to the controls. These findings, along with the disparity in the MNA scores, insinuate a possible link between hormone levels and the loss of appetite from which these patients su

关键词： Arthritis   Spondyloarthritis   Treatment   Magnetic Resonance Imaging   Inflammation  

摘要： Background In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a new biological therapy has recently been approved. Vedolizumab is a humanised IgG1 monoclonal antibody to alpha 4 beta 7 integrin that modulates gut lymphocyte trafficking. Although an exclusively local effect of vedolizumab could be expected based on the restricted presence of the alpha 4 beta 7-mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 complex in the gut, past combined success with anti-tumour necrosis factor, and previous demonstration of alpha 4 beta 7 integrin in the joint, led to the expectation of a therapeutic efficacy in spondyloarthritis. Nonetheless, the effect of vedolizumab on extraintestinal manifestations-and especially the joint-has not been reported so far. Case report A series of five patients with IBD who were treated with vedolizumab and promptly developed new onset or exacerbation of sacroiliitis or arthritis are reported. Conclusions Vedolizumab therapy does not seem to show any efficacy in and might even induce arthritis and/or sacroiliitis. However, larger cohort studies are needed to provide information on the prevalence, the evolution and underlying mechanism.

关键词： inflammatory bowel disease   intestinal stem cells   organoids   regenerative medicine   support matrix  

摘要： Both the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing globally;in the industrialized world up to 0.5% of the population are affected and around 4.2 million individuals suffer from IBD in Europe and North America combined. Successful engraftment in experimental colitis models suggests that intestinal stem cell transplantation could constitute a novel treatment strategy to re-establish mucosal barrier function in patients with severe disease. Intestinal stem cells can be grown in vitro in organoid structures, though only a fraction of the cells contained are stem cells with regenerative capabilities. Hence, techniques to enrich stem cell populations are being pursued through the development of multiple two-dimensional and three-dimensional culture protocols, as well as co-culture techniques and multiple growth medium compositions. Moreover, research in support matrices allowing for efficient clinical application is in progress. In vitro culture is accomplished by modulating the signaling pathways fundamental for the stem cell niche with a suitable culture matrix to provide additional contact-dependent stimuli and structural support. The aim of this review was to discuss medium compositions and support matrices for optimal intestinal stem cell culture, as well as potential modifications to advance clinical use in IBD.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease   Crohn's disease   Ulcerative colitis   Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease   NAFLD Fibrosis Score  

摘要： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of hepatic steatosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Both metabolic syndrome (MetS) and intestinal inflammation are implicated in NAFLD pathogenesis. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with IBD and NAFLD seen in our health system from January 1997 to December 2011 to examine associations between IBD severity and phenotype;MetS;and NAFLD fibrosis as estimated by the NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS). A total of 84 patients were included in our analysis (24 UC, 60 CD). 23% of patients had MetS. IBD patients with MetS were significantly older at the time of IBD diagnosis (44 vs. 33, p = 0.005) and NAFLD diagnosis (55 vs. 47, p = 0.018). IBD patients with MetS had higher ALT (54 vs. 38 U/L, p = 0.02) and AST (52 vs. 35 U/L, p = 0.004). Comparing MetS patients to non-MetS IBD patients, there was no significant difference between IBD medication use (i.e., steroids, anti-TNFs, and immunomodulators) or NAFLD medication use, other than statins. Both UC and CD patients with concomitant MetS had significantly higher NFS scores than non-MetS patients: UC (-0.4 vs. -2.5, p = 0.02) and CD (-0.8 vs. -2.3, p = 0.03). IBD disease severity, disease location, or IBD medication use was associated with NAFLD severity. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that NAFLD severity in both UC and CD IBD patients is associated with the presence of MetS but not with the severity of IBD.

关键词： Clostridium difficile   Inflammatory Bowel Diseases   Intestinal Diseases  

摘要： Linked Content This article is linked to Law et al paper. To view this article visit https://***/10.1111/apt.13972. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： biomarker   fucose   galectin   glyco-immunology   inflammatory bowel disease  

摘要： Oligosaccharide modifications play an essential role in various inflammatory diseases and cancers, but their pathophysiologic roles, especially in inflammation, are not clear. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an intractable chronic inflammatory disorder with an unknown aetiology, and the number of patients with IBD is increasing throughout the world. Certain types of immunosuppressant drugs, such as corticosteroids, are effective for IBD, suggesting that immune function is closely associated with the pathophysiology of IBD. Recent progress in the analysis of oligosaccharides revealed a role for oligosaccharides in intestinal inflammation based on both experimental models and human samples from IBD patients. Moreover, changes in the oligosaccharide structures on glycoproteins in the sera and tissue samples may serve as biomarkers of IBD. Here, we present current studies of IBD with regard to the immunologic aspects of glycobiology, suggesting a novel concept for IBD pathogenesis and the function of oligosaccharides on immune cells, termed "glyco-immunology".

关键词： Inflammatory Bowel Diseases   Incidence   Intestinal Diseases   Child  

摘要： Linked Content This article is linked to Lophaven et al paper. To view this article visit https://***/10.1111/apt.13971. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： Sphingosine-1-phosphate   Inflammatory bowel diseases   Crohn's disease   Ulcerative colitis   Etrasimod   Ozanimod  

摘要： Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, involve an inappropriate immune reaction in the digestive tract, causing a variety of disabling symptoms. The advent of monoclonal antibodies (anti-tumor necrosis factor, anti-integrin, anti-interleukin - 23) has revolutionized IBD management. Nevertheless, these agents, with potential for immunogenicity, are associated with high rates of response loss and disease relapse over time. They are also associated with high production costs. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a membrane-derived lysophospholipid signaling molecule, is implicated in a vast array of physiological and pathophysiological processes, primarily via extracellular activation of S1P1-S1P5 receptors. S1P1, S1P4 and S1P5 are involved in regulation of the immune system, while S1P2 and S1P3 may be associated with cardiovascular, pulmonary, and theoretical cancer-related risks. Targeting S1P receptors for inflammatory conditions has been successful in clinical trials leading to approval of the non-selective S1P modulator, fingolimod, for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. However, the association of this non-selective S1P modulator with serious adverse events provides the rationale for developing more selective S1P receptor modulators. Until recently, three S1P modulators with differing selectivity for S1P receptors were in clinical development for IBD: ozanimod (RPC1063), etrasimod (APD334) and amiselimod (MT-1303). The development of amiselimod has been stopped as Biogen are currently focusing on other drugs in its portfolio. Following encouraging results fromthe Phase 2 TOUCHSTONE trial, a Phase 3 trial of the S1Pmodulator ozanimod in patientswith moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis is ongoing. Etrasimod is also being tested in a phase 2 trial in ulcerative colitis. These pipelinemedications can be administered orally and may avoid the formation of anti-drug antibodies that can lead to treatment failure with injectab

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease   White cell count   Neutrophils   Infliximab   Thiopurines  

摘要： The effects of thiopurines on white cell count are well documented. We compared the effects of infliximab 5 mg/kg monotherapy and combination of infliximab with thiopurines on the total and differential white cell count (WBC). 13 IBD patients treated with infliximab monotherapy and 18 IBD patients treated with a combination of infliximab and thiopurines were included in the study. Using retrospective data, cell counts were examined prior to induction of infliximab, and at 6 weeks and 1 year post-induction. The patients on combination therapy had an absolute WBC at 52 weeks of 5.7 whereas that of patients on Infliximab monotherapy at the same time point was 8.3 with comparable neutrophil count of 3.4 and 5.4. The results showed a significant reduction in white cell count and neutrophils at 6 weeks which persisted at 52 weeks in both groups (p < 0.05) with a greater drop in patients on combination infliximab and thiopurine (p < 0.05) as compared to Infliximab monotherapy. There was no significant change in the lymphocyte count. Full blood counts should be closely monitored in all patients starting infliximab therapy, in particular patients receiving concomitant thiopurines.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease   Intestinal epithelial barrier   MAZ   miR-34c   IncRNA PIncRNA1  

摘要： Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is originated from uncontrolled inflammation, and desired methods for IBD therapy remains the main difficult. The network comprised with miRNA and 1ncRNA has been verified to play an important role on diverse human diseases. In this study, we demonstrated the role of miR-34c and lncRNA PIncRNA1 on the function of intestinal barrier. Methods: Intestinal epithelial barrier model was constructed based on normal intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2. 2% DSS was supplemented in the Apical side of the model cells to induce the injury of intestinal epithelial barrier. Real-time PCR or western blot was used to determine mRNA or protein expression of miR-34c, PIncRNA1, Myc-associated zinc finger protein (MAZ), zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) and occludin. Results: DSS induced injury of intestinal epithelial barrier, while overexpression of PIncRNA1 seemed to protect intestinal epithelial barrier from injury. Tight junction (TJ) proteins ZO-1 and occludin were regulated by MAZ, while, miR-34c targeted MAZ to regulate its expression, in addition, PIncRNA1 and miR-34c bound together to regulate the expressions of MAZ, ZO-1 and occludin. The protect effects of PIncRNA1 overexpression on intestinal epithelial barrier function was reversed by overexpression of miR-34c. Conclusion: MAZ and TJ proteins were involved in the function of intestinal epithelial barrier, while miR34c and PIncRNA1 regulated the intestinal dysfunction cooperatively. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Inc.