关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease   Ulcerative Colitis   Crohn's Disease   Vitamin D  

摘要： Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are increasing sharply, and the common medications are not effective for most patients. Vitamin D (VD) has been considerate to reduce inflammatory processes and may be helpful in IBD. The aim of this review was to perform an update on the potential role of VD in the IBD. We performed a search for articles associating VD and IBD published in MEDLINE-PubMed and EMBASE. The focused question used for the search was "What is the association between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Vitamin D?" The exclusion criteria for this search were studies not in English, editorials, case reports, or poster presentations. VD prevents the inflammatory process such as negatively interfering with the release of Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha;enhancing the function of the intestinal epithelial barrier;decreasing the occurrence of apoptosis;stimulating Toll-Like Receptor-4;inducing the production of an antimicrobial peptide in Paneth cells. Furthermore, deficiency of VD is related to the severity of the symptoms and increased the risk of cancer and surgery. In conclusion, VD shows a potential role in the management of IBD, the supplementation is inexpensive, safe, and leads to improvement of the quality of life.

关键词： James JAshton[a][b]   R MarkBeattie[a]  

摘要： James JAshton[a][b];R MarkBeattie[a];

关键词： YAP   macrophage polarization   inflammation   interleukin-6   IL-6   inflammatory bowel disease   IBD   microbiota   Hippo pathway  

摘要： Inflammation, epithelial cell regeneration, macrophage polarization, and gut microbial homeostasis are critical for the pathological processes associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). YAP (Yes-associated protein) is a key component of the Hippo pathway and was recently suggested to promote epithelial cell regeneration for IBD recovery. However, it is unclear how YAP regulates macrophage polarization, inflammation, and gut microbial homeostasis. Although YAP has been shown to promote epithelial regeneration and alleviate IBD, here we show that YAP in macrophages aggravates IBD, accompanied by the production of antimicrobial peptides and changes in gut microbiota. YAP impairs interleukin-4 (IL-4)/IL-13-induced M2 macrophage polarization while promoting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)-triggered M1 macrophage activation for IL-6 production. In addition, YAP expression is differently regulated during the induction of M2 versus M1 macrophages. This study suggests that fully understanding the multiple functions of YAP in different cell types is crucial for IBD therapy.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease   Crohn's disease   Ulcerative colitis   Biomarkers  

摘要： There are many useful biomarkers for initial diagnosis and the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Serologic biomarkers have been traditionally used because they are widely disposable, but recently faecal biomarkers, especially faecal calprotectin, have acquired great importance as they have shown to be more precise when establishing suspicion of the disease and also as predictors of mucosal healing or persistence of inflammatory activity. Faecal calprotectin is a good tool for predicting abnormal endoscopic studies, but has limited specificity because its levels can be altered in many digestive diseases presenting with similar symptoms. The precision of faecal calprotectin is higher when associated with other altered parameters, especially with C-reactive protein, or with clinical scores of inflammatory activity. Finally, there are many new generation serologic and faecal biomarkers. Despite there not being much evidence about these yet, some of them have shown promising results in different studies. (C) 2018 Elsevier Espafia, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

摘要： Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Cytokine-targeted therapies have transformed the treatment of IBD, providing control of symptoms and longer relapse-free periods. However, many patients fail to respond, highlighting the need for therapies tailored to the underlying cell and molecular disease drivers. Here we discuss the progression of IBD from the perspective of remodeling of cytokine networks. We place well-established and under-studied cytokine modules in the context of cellular interactions, their dynamic regulation in early and late stages of disease (i.e., fibrosis), and their current and potential use in the clinic. Examining how particular cytokine networks drive distinct features and phases of IBD will shed light on the etiology of IBD and provide a basis for more effective treatments.

关键词： 痔疮熏洗方   肛肠疾病   并发症  

摘要： 为了探究痔瘘熏洗方的熏洗方法在治疗肛肠疾病术后并发症方面的治疗效果。随机抽取某院收治的200例患有肛肠疾病的病人,平均分为对照组和观察组,每组各100例。对待观察组病人运用痔瘘熏洗方的方法进行熏洗治疗,而对照组则运用温水对病人进行熏洗治疗。为患者进行为期七天的治疗,之后比较两组患者手术后病情的恢复情况。经过七天的治疗护理,观察组的病人病情得到明显恢复的人数为66人,占总人数比例为66%;对照组的病人得到明显恢复的人数为4人,占总人数比例为4%。而且观察组病人在伤口的恢复、愈合和消肿等方面明显强于对照组病人。痔瘘熏洗方的熏洗治疗法,对于肛肠疾病术后并发症等方面,具有显著的功效,在临床的治疗上有着重要的研究价值。

摘要： Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), composed mainly of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are strongly implicated in the development of intestinal inflammation lesions. Its exact etiology and pathogenesis are still undetermined. Recently accumulating evidence supports that group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) are responsible for gastrointestinal mucosal homeostasis through moderate generation of IL-22, IL-17, and GM-CSF in the physiological state. ILC3 contribute to the progression and aggravation of IBD while both IL-22 and IL-17, along with IFN-gamma, are overexpressed by the dysregulation of NCR- ILC3 or NCR+ ILC3 function and the bias of NCR+ ILC3 towards ILC1 as well as regulatory ILC dysfunction in the pathological state. Herein, we feature the group 3 innate lymphoid cells' development, biological function, maintenance of gut homeostasis, mediation of IBD occurrence, and potential application to IBD therapy.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease   fatigue   Crohn ' s disease   disease activity   biological therapy  

摘要： Background: Fatigue is a common symptom reported in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. It can be severe and modify the self-perception of ***: To evaluate the contribution of clinical and demographic factors to the level of fatigue in IBD ***: Patients consecutively observed in an outpatient IBD clinic during a 9-month period were studied. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Fatigue was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F). A FACIT-F score <30 was considered as severe ***: One hundred and five patients were evaluated. Of them, 57.1% had Crohns Disease (CD) and 42.9% had Ulcerative Colitis. Also 85.0% and 77.8% were in clinical remission, respectively. The mean FACIT-F score was 39.639.67. Severe fatigue was observed in 17.1% of patients. Female gender and active CD were significantly associated with a severe level of fatigue (p=.05 and p=.04). There was no significant correlation between the level of fatigue (severe vs. non-severe) and type of IBD, hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, ferritin levels or previous surgeries. Patients under biological therapy had a significantly higher level of fatigue and a higher rate of previous hospitalizations (p=.02).Conclusions: Fatigue level is a simple and useful tool to evaluate the disease's impact in patients' life, and it should, therefore, be included in clinical practice. Biological therapy was associated to higher levels of fatigue. Future studies should evaluate the impact of therapy on the level of fatigue.

关键词： Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha   cost and cost analysis   delivery of health care   inflammatory bowel diseases  

摘要： Introduction: We explored the long-term evolution of direct healthcare costs for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) using a population-level database in a country with an escalating burden of IBD. Methods: We searched the database of the Korean National Health Insurance Claims, which covers more than 97% of the South Korean population. An IBD diagnosis was defined as the combination of a billing code for Crohn's disease (CD: ***) or ulcerative colitis (UC: ***) and at least one claim for IBD-specific drugs. Between 2006 and 2015, a total of 59,447 patients (CD: 17,677;UC: 41,770) were included. Results: The total and mean cost per capita increased significantly over time. In the last year of the study (2015), the cost for anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy accounted for 68.8% (CD) and 48.8% (UC) of the total cost. Age at diagnosis (<20 years vs. >= 30 years) and anti-TNF use were independent predictors of increased total IBD cost. Anti-TNF therapy was the strongest predictor of high-cost outliers (designated as the top 20 percentile of the total costs) for IBD (OR: 160.4;95% CI: 89.0-289.2). The mean cost among patients with newly diagnosed CD increased significantly over the 8-year follow-up period (p = .03), while costs associated with UC remained stable. Only medication costs increased significantly during the follow-up period for CD. Conclusions: Over the past 10 years, the increased usage of anti-TNF agents has been the key driver of IBD-related healthcare costs. Long-term cost-cutting strategies for patients with CD are warranted.

关键词： Anti-integrin   biologics   Crohn's disease   inflammatory bowel disease   ulcerative colitis  

摘要： Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases patients eligible for biological therapy represent a group with considerable disease burden and biologics only achieve 40% clinical remission rates in responders after 1year of ***: To collect all the published data about patients treated with dual biological therapy with an Anti-TNF, vedolizumab or ustekinumab, for a period of at least 3months and to pool the data about the effectiveness and ***: A MEDLINE, and Web of Science search of all studies published in English until 1 January 2019 was ***: We included 7 studies with a total of 18 patients. Fifteen patients were treated with a combination of an anti-TNF and vedolizumab, 3 patients were treated with vedolizumab and ustekinumab. Fifty-six percent of patients were affected by Crohn's disease and 50% of patients were treated with an immunosuppressant drug or steroid too. A clinical improvement was obtained in 100% of patients, and an endoscopic improvement in 93% of patients. No serious adverse events were ***: The use of dual biological therapy is an attractive therapeutic option and may be an opportunity to better tailor and personalize the therapies for patients. Further studies, as randomized control trials, to provide comparative efficacy and safety endpoints of combination therapies, and to clarify potential advantages of combined biological therapies, are needed.