关键词： inflammatory bowel disease   ulcerative colitis   Crohn's disease   olive oil   olive leaves   biophenols   oleuropein   hydroxytyrosol   nutraceuticals  

摘要： The current therapeutic scenario for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) involves aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, and immunomodulators, but concerns regarding their safety profiles and high costs heavily impact their widespread use. In recent years, the beneficial effects thatbiophenolsfrom fruit and vegetableshave on human health have been investigated. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of phenolic fraction, from olive leaves and fruits, have been suggested, and a potential application in gut inflammation has been supported by in vitro and IBD-animal models studies. In the present review, we first introduced the potential therapeutic role of olive tree biophenolsin chronic inflammatory disease. Then, we aimed to describe their most interesting application for gut inflammation, as the results of basic science studies and animal experimental models. Finally, the potential role of olive tree biophenols in the setting of human IBD is discussed.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease   Proteomics   Lipidomics   Biomarkers  

摘要： The diagnosis and management of Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is still challenging. There is no definitive gold standard diagnostic test, which is made on patient history and with endoscopic and histological findings. This study analyzed serum proteins and fatty acids using mass spectrometry-based techniques. Quantitation of serum proteins was performed by depleting 14 high-abundance proteins, followed by tryptic digestion and LC-MS analysis, while fatty acids were analyzed using GC-MS. Bioinformatic tools were used to identify several new potential biomarkers for an early and non-invasive diagnosis of IBD, and to differentiate CD from UC. Moreover, the diagnostic power of the MS-identified biomarkers was also corroborated by Western Blot and ELISA assays. Hence, we identified the biological functions and pathways involved in the various subsets of IBD. Coagulation, fibrinolysis and acute phase response processes were found to be strongly involved in the condition. The involvement of several fatty acids, such as anti-inflammatory mediators, was also identified. Finally, proteomic and lipidomic data were integrated by using combinatorial and multivariate analyses to discover new combined biomarkers and to study the molecular pathways involved in IBD.

摘要： The article discusses research by Valter Longo and colleagues at the University of Southern California which suggests that a reduced-calorie diet of plant-based foods can ease symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease   Ulcerative colitis   Crohn's disease   Bipolar disorder  

摘要： Background: To date, some experimental studies showed that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and bipolar disorder (BD) may share similar biological pathways. Nevertheless, only a few western studies have attempted to demonstrate the potential association between IBD and BD, and relevant findings are still conflicting. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the relationship between IBD and BD using a nationwide database in Taiwan. Method: This study used data from the National Health Insurance Research Database. In total, 3590 patients with IBD and 14,360 propensity score-matched comparison patients without IBD were included in this study. Conditional logistic regressions were performed to evaluate the association between BD and IBD. Results: Results showed that BD was found in 26 (0.72%) patients with IBD and in 49 (0.34%) matched comparison patients without IBD. After adjustment, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of BD for IBD patients was 2.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30 similar to 3.38) compared to the comparison group. Additionally, this study showed that adjusted OR of BD for ulcerative colitis patients were 2.23 (95% CI: 1.31 similar to 3.82) compared to the comparison group. Limitations: we could not precisely determine the causal association between BD and IBD. Conclusions: We concluded that patients with IBD were more likely to have BD than those comparison patients without IBD.

关键词： Free amino acids   Inflammatory Bowel Disease   Pistacia lentiscus L.   Crude Mastiha   Remission  

摘要： Background: Natural products have been studied regarding their effectiveness on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Hypothesis/Purpose: To examine the effects of Mastiha (Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia) on clinical course and amino acid (AA) profile of patients in remission. Study design: This is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Methods: Patients (n = 68) were randomly allocated to Mastiha (2.8 g/day) or placebo adjunct to stable medication. Free AAs were identified applying Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in plasma. Medical-dietary history, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire, Harvey-Bradshaw Index, Partial Mayo Score, biochemical, faecal and blood inflammatory markers were assessed. Primary endpoint was the clinical relapse rate at 6 months. Secondary endpoints included variations in free AAs, inflammatory biomarkers and quality of life. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: Concerning AAs and biochemical data, alanine (p = 0.006), valine (p = 0.047), proline (p = 0.022), glutamine (p < 0.001) and tyrosine (p = 0.043) along with total cholesterol (p = 0.032) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.045) increased only in placebo group compared with baseline and the change between the study groups was significantly different. Inflammatory markers had not a significantly different change between the two groups, even serum IL-6, faecal calprotectin and faecal lactoferrin increased only in the placebo group. Although Mastiha was not proven superior to placebo in remission rate (17.6% vs. 23.5%, p = 0.549), attenuation in increase of free AAs levels in verum group is reported. Conclusion: Mastiha inhibited an increase in plasma free AAs seen in patients with quiescent IBD. Since change of AAs is considered an early prognostic marker of disease activity, this indicates a potential role of Mastiha in remission maintenance.

关键词： Ascl2   Inflammatory bowel disease   Th17   Microbiota   IL-10  

摘要： Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been well-documented as a chronic gastrointestinal autoimmune disease, but its etiology remains to be elusive. Ascl2 (achaete-scute complex homologue 2), identified as a homologue of the Drosophila achaete-scute gene, has been shown to play an essential for the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and cancers. However, whether it is associated with the pathogenesis of IBD remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that Ascl2 was greatly down-regulated in human IBD and experimental colitis. Interestingly, CD4(+) T cell expression of Ascl2 was regulated by intestinal microbiota. Moreover, we revealed that Ascl2 inhibited the differentiation of Th17 cells and restrained their pathogenicity through facilitating IL-10 production. We further showed that Blimp-1 might be involved in the Ascl2-inducing IL-10 expression in CD4(+) T cells under Th17 differentiating condition. Notably, lentivirus-mediated overexpression of Ascl2 remarkably alleviated the severity of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid solution (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice, with decreased level of colonic IL-17A. Our findings demonstrated an unappreciated mechanism whereby Ascl2 negatively modulates pathogenic Th17 cell differentiation via promoting IL-10 production, and alleviates intestinal inflammation. Thus, Ascl2 may serve as a novel therapeutic target of IBD. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Functional clustering   Inflammation   Inflammatory bowel disease  

摘要： The colonic epithelium facilitates host-microorganism interactions to control mucosal immunity, coordinate nutrient recycling and form a mucus barrier. Breakdown of the epithelial barrier underpins inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the specific contributions of each epithelial-cell subtype to this process are unknown. Here we profile single colonic epithelial cells from patients with IBD and unaffected controls. We identify previously unknown cellular subtypes, including gradients of progenitor cells, colonocytes and goblet cells within intestinal crypts. At the top of the crypts, we find a previously unknown absorptive cell, expressing the proton channel OTOP2 and the satiety peptide uroguanylin, that senses pH and is dysregulated in inflammation and cancer. In IBD, we observe a positional remodelling of goblet cells that coincides with downregulation of WFDC2-an antiprotease molecule that we find to be expressed by goblet cells and that inhibits bacterial growth. In vivo, WFDC2 preserves the integrity of tight junctions between epithelial cells and prevents invasion by commensal bacteria and mucosal inflammation. We delineate markers and transcriptional states, identify a colonic epithelial cell and uncover fundamental determinants of barrier breakdown in IBD.

摘要： Here, taking advantage of the large cohort of the first multicenter longitudinal study published in patients with IBD (4), we tested the hypothesis that aortic stiffening is more easily reverted by long-term anti-TNF therapy within a few years from the diagnosis of IBD, when structural alterations of the arterial wall could not yet be fully established. [...]we cannot exclude that the long-term use of a high dose of salicylates could have led to vasoconstriction in IBD patients. [...]due to the nonrandomized design of the present study, we cannot exclude the possibility of a non–drug-related reduction in aPWV. [...]anti-TNF therapy is useful to revert aortic stiffening in IBD patients with a short disease duration and to block aortic stiffening in those with a longer disease duration (≥4 years).

关键词： fasting-mimicking diet   gut microbiota   microbiome   inflammatory bowel disease   ulcerative colitis   Crohn’s disease   inflammation   fasting   intermittent fasting  

摘要： Dietary interventions are potentially effective therapies for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). We tested the effect of 4-day fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) cycles on a chronic dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine model resulting in symptoms and pathology associated with IBD. These FMD cycles reduced intestinal inflammation, increased stem cell number, stimulated protective gut microbiota, and reversed intestinal pathology caused by DSS, whereas water-only fasting increased regenerative and reduced inflammatory markers without reversing pathology. Transplants of Lactobacillus or fecal microbiota from DSS- and FMD-treated mice reversed DSS-induced colon shortening, reduced inflammation, and increased colonic stem cells. In a clinical trial, three FMD cycles reduced markers associated with systemic inflammation. The effect of FMD cycles on microbiota composition, immune cell profile, intestinal stem cell levels and the reversal of pathology associated with IBD in mice, and the anti-inflammatory effects demonstrated in a clinical trial show promise for FMD cycles to ameliorate IBD-associated inflammation in humans.