关键词： Mesenchymal stem cells   Inflammatory bowel disease   Neutrophils   ERK   N2 polarisation  

摘要： Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be caused by a variety of factors, including hereditary and environmental influences, that lead to dysfunction of the intestinal immune system. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit important regulatory roles in relieving inflammation and repairing damaged tissues. Although neutrophils are important participants in the development of inflammatory reactions, they are also essential for maintaining intestinal balance during the process of mitigation of IBD by MSCs. Here, we constructed a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse IBD model and evaluated the effects of treatment with human umbilical cord MSCs. Mouse body weight, faecal traits, colon/spleen gross morphology, tissue histology and immunohistochemical staining, and inflammatory factors were analysed. Magnetic beads were used to sort infiltrating neutrophils from intestinal tissues, and their phenotypes were identified. The neutrophil inflammatory environment was also simulated in vitro, and signalling pathways involved in MSC regulation of neutrophil phenotype were analysed. Human umbilical cord MSCs effectively alleviated DSS-induced weight loss, colon shortening, and intestinal mucosal injury, and reduced clinical disease activity index. The number of neutrophils that infiltrated the intestines of mice treated with human umbilical cord MSCs were decreased and polarised toward the N2 phenotype;at the same time, ERK phosphorylation was inhibited. In vitro experiments showed that addition of the ERK phosphorylation inhibitor, PD98059, down-regulated the expression of N1 neutrophils, while up-regulating that of N2 neutrophils. The colon tissues from patients with IBD were infiltrated with neutrophils. Further, relative to healthy controls, the markers of N1 neutrophils (ICAM-1, FAS, and CCL3) were highly expressed in colon tissues from patients with IBD, whereas the markers of N2 neutrophils (VEGF, CCL2, and CXCR4) were almost undetectable. In conclusion, during alleviati

关键词： Chitosan   Ginger   Nanocarriers   Inflammatory bowel diseases  

摘要： The present study aimed at synthesising chitosan bound ginger nanocarriers for slow and controlled release of the drug 5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) against inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The chitosan, extracted from naturally occurring biopolymer chitin, was reacted to ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) to prepare chitosan-bounded ginger derived nanocarriers (C-GDNC) and further loaded with 5-ASA drug. The as-obtained drug loaded chitosan coated ginger derived nanocarriers (D-C-GNDC) were studied for controlled release of 5-ASA. In vitro experimental data implied slow and controlled release of 5-ASA and were kinetically justified by applying different kinetic models. The obtained percent drug loading capacity and entrapment efficiency were more than 50%. Various experimental factors affecting swelling controlled drug release of 5-ASA, such as change in pH of release medium, chemical composition of nanocarriers, percent drug loading, and simulated biofluids as release media, were investigated. The prepared nanomaterials were well characterized and examined for chemical stability and in vitro cytotoxicity to check their biocompatible nature. The overall studies concluded that the controlled release of 5-ASA was favourable at the gastrointestinal pH which is desirably beneficial against inflammation of bowl.

摘要： Half of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are men, yet less attention has been focused on their sexual issues despite higher rates of sexual dysfunction and infertility than the general population. Depression and IBD disease activity are the most consistently reported risk factor for sexual dysfunction among men with IBD. Methotrexate and sulfasalazine have been rarely associated with impotence. Sulfasalazine reversibly reduces male fertility. No other medications used in IBD significantly affect fertility in humans. There is no increase in adverse fetal outcomes among offspring of fathers with IBD. Patients with IBD seem to be at a higher risk for prostate cancer;therefore, screening as recommended for high-risk patients should be considered.

关键词： inflammatory bowel disease   elderly   diagnosis   clinical features  

摘要： The objective of the study is to identify the clinical features of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in elderly and senile patients in St. Petersburg. A retrospective analysis of medical charts of 208 patients with IBD over 60 years old has been carried out. Sixty percent of the patients had ulcerative colitis (UC), and forty percent had Crohn's disease (CD). The control group consisted of 867 patients aged up to 60 years (524 patients with UC, 60.4%, and 343 patients with CD, 29.6%). Concomitant cardiovascular and broncho-pulmonary diseases, diseases of bones and joints, pathology of the kidneys and urinary tract, and pathology of the liver were detected in 87, 25, 35, 26.5, and 44% of patients. The onset and recurrence of IBD were often accompanied (33.6%) by a deterioration in the course of somatic pathology (versus 8.7% in other age groups of patients). The period from the first signs of the disease to verification of the IBD diagnosis in older patients was longer than in young and middle-aged patients. Distal localization of the pathological process (proctitis and left-sided colitis) prevailed among patients with UC, and the inflammatory form of the disease dominated in patients with CD.

关键词： Bone loss   Crohn's disease   Inflammatory bowel disease   Osteoporosis   Ulcerative colitus  

摘要： Osteopenia and osteoporosis are common features in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Moreover, Crohn's disease is associated with increased fracture risk. The etiology of bone loss in IBD is multifactorial. It includes insufficient intake or absorption of calcium, vitamin D, and potassium;smoking;a low peak bone mass;a low body mass index;and decreased physical activity. In several studies, it has been shown that elevated concentrations of systemic and local pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN gamma), interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, and IL-17, present in IBD patients are potentially detrimental for bone metabolism and may be responsible for bone loss and increased fracture risk. This perspective aims to review the current literature on the role of inflammatory factors in the pathophysiology of skeletal problems in IBD and to suggest potential treatment to improve bone health, based on a combination of evidence and clinical and pathophysiological reasoning.

关键词： children   Crohn disease   microbiology   microbiome   pediatrics   ulcerative colitis  

摘要： Background and aims:Clinical and experimental data suggest that gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to determine intestinal microbiota in newly diagnosed patients with IBD and to compare it with patients' healthy siblings who share same genetic and environmental background and to healthy unrelated ***:Molecular approach targeting 16S ribosomal RNA was employed for analyzing the gut microbiota of participants' stool samples. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphphism analysis was ***:Newly diagnosed pediatric patients with IBD (n=19, 68.4% Crohn disease [CD], mean age 14.80.65 years), their unaffected healthy siblings (n=20, mean age 12.8 +/- 0.85 years), and unrelated healthy controls (n=19, mean age 10.7 +/- 0.8 years) were included. Microbial diversity differed significantly between IBD patients, healthy siblings, and healthy controls (P=0.018 for MspI digestion, P=0.013 for HhaI digestion). No significant difference in microbial diversity was found between healthy siblings and healthy controls. In patients reduced presence of genus Eubacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterobacter and Clostridium, and increased presence of genus Streptococcus, Prevotella and Escherichia, compared with healthy siblings and healthy controls, was ***:Newly diagnosed pediatric patients with IBD show significantly less diverse microbiota and microbial composition compared with healthy siblings and healthy controls.

关键词： Crohn's disease   Gut dysmotility   Inflammatory bowel disease   Ulcerative colitis  

摘要： Background There is substantial evidence linking disturbed gastrointestinal motility to inflammation. Thus, it is not surprising that abnormalities of gastrointestinal motility play a role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), affecting patient outcomes. We performed a review of the literature to investigate the relationship between abnormal gut motility and IBD. Methods With an extensive literature search, we retrieved the pertinent articles linking disturbed gut motility to IBD in various anatomical districts. Results The evidence in the literature suggests that abnormal gastrointestinal motility plays a role in the clinical setting of IBD and may confuse the clinical picture. Conclusions Abnormal gut motility may be important in the clinical setting of IBD. However, additional data obtained with modern techniques (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging) are needed to individuate in a more precise manner gastrointestinal motor dysfunctions, to understand the nature of clinical manifestations and properly tailor the treatment of patients.

关键词： Key Words   Bone mineral density   inflammatory bowel disease   osteoporosis   vitamin D   vitamin D recep-tor (VDR) gene polymorphisms  

摘要： In the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and osteoporosis, the connecting element is the involvement of environmental and genetic factors. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms may be associated with the pathogenesis of IBD and bone mineral density (BMD). The study aimed to analyze the relationship between ApaI and FokI polymorphisms of the VDR gene, serum vitamin D concentration, and BMD in patients with IBD. The studied group consisted of 172 patients (85 with Crohn?s disease [CD], 87 with ulcerative colitis [UC], and 39 healthy subjects - control group [CG]) were examined. Lumbar spine densitometry (L1-L4) and the femoral neck (FN) measurements were performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were determined using electrochemiluminescence binding assay (ECLIA). Polymorphisms were determined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). . We found no statistically significant differences in vitamin D concentration between the 3 studied groups. CD patients who were FF homozygotes had significantly lower FN BMD than FF homozygous from CG (p-value < 0.05). CD patients who were Aa heterozygotes had significantly lower lumbar spine (L2-L4) BMD than Aa heterozygotes from CG (p-value < 0.05). Among patients with the same polymorphic variants, but belonging to different studied groups, statistically significant differences in bone mineral density in the lumbar spine and the closer end of the femoral neck were observed. We consider that it is the disease entity, not the polymorphism variant, may have a decisive impact on BMD.