摘要：
We study the quantum transport of electrons in mesoscopic structures using the picture of quantum Brownian motion in a periodic potential. First, resonant tunneling between fractional quantum Hall edge states is considered in the Luttinger liquid picture. For the $\nu=1/3$ quantum Hall liquid, the resonance line shape is described by a universal function whose width scales to zero at T = 0. We calculate the scaling function using a Monte Carlo simulation method. Our results confirm the scaling theory and predict the explicit form of the scaling function over the entire width of the resonance. Then, we investigate a quantum dot in the integer quantum Hall effect regime that is strongly coupled to a lead via a point contact. We find that even when the point contact is perfectly transmitting, important features of Coulomb blockade persist. In particular, the tunneling into the dot from a second weakly coupled lead is suppressed, showing features that can be ascribed to cotunneling. Weak backscattering at the point contact gives rise to oscillations in both the tunneling conductance G and the differential capacitance C as a function of gate voltage. We point out that the dimensionless ratio $\xi$ between the fractional oscillations in G and C is an intrinsic property of the dot. We compute $\xi$ within two models of electron-electron interactions. The role of additional channels is also discussed. Finally, we study the general problem of quantum Brownian motion in a periodic potential. In D = 1 dimension, there are two T = 0 phases: a localized phase with zero-temperature mobility $\mu$ = 0 and an extended phase with $\mu$ unaffected by the periodic potential. For D $>$ 1, however, non-symmorphic lattices such as honeycomb lattice and its D-dimensional generalization have an intermediate phase with a universal mobility $\mu\sp*$ between 0 and the maximum perfect value. We study this intermediate fixed point in perturbatively accessible regimes. In addition, by mapping t
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中文科技期刊
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