关键词： 足球机器人   视觉识别   3D打印   足球机器人比赛   桌面游戏  

摘要： 提出了一种基于3D打印技术的桌面足球机器人比赛系统设计方案,该方案将桌面游戏与足球机器人比赛结合在一起,既有趣味性,又有挑战性。整个系统由足球机器人、足球机器人上位机控制系统、具有可拆卸围栏的桌面足球场地、无线手柄等部分组成,支持人机对战、双人对战等模式。其中足球机器人车体采用3D打印技术制作而成,具有质量轻、成本低的优点;足球机器人比赛场地围栏的可拆卸设计,也可将普通课桌快速改造成桌面足球机器人比赛场地,具有结构简单、可扩展性强的优点;视觉识别系统采用采用离线知识库与在线颜色识别相结合的识别方式,具有准确率高、实时性好的特点。实践表明,该比赛系统具有成本低、控制性能好、趣味性强的优点,能够有效激发学生的学习热情。

关键词： 加速跑   主导方向   控球   单脚跳   技术训练   扑球   高运球   滑步移动   栏架   双脚跳  

摘要： 一、运球方法一:一人在前跑,一人在后面运球追。(一)要求:1.运球人观察无球人的跑动路线。2.保持距离。3.把球控制好不能出界。(二)变量:1.无球时先进行匀速跑后加速跑。2.两人一组,每人一球。一人主导方向一人跟随。方法二:运球捕猎游戏(见图1)。(一)要求:1.控好球。2.变速变向。

关键词： 运动技术教学   初中体育   动作   足球   体育教学   教师示范   技术提升   运动特点  

摘要： 在初中体育教学中,基本的运动技术教学是＂体育＂的本义所在,而准确的动作理解则是运动技术提升的基础。日常体育教学中,关于技术的教学更多的是教师示范基础上的学生模仿,忽视了在示范与模仿之间,实际上存在一个学生对动作理解的过程。如果忽视了动作理解,那学生的模仿常常是机械的,也难以真正基于自己的身体特征和运动特点形成符合自身需要的运动技术。本文试以足球停球技术教学为例,谈一些浅显的认识。

关键词： 长传球   动作分析   实战应用  

摘要： 由于现代足球运动的快速发展,足球运动员个人攻防能力提高的非常快,这对足球这项团队运动的配合默契程度越来越高。长传球技术作为一种重要的传球技术在实际比赛中发挥着举足轻重作用,一方面是因为长传球可以在进攻中为球队创造更多机会,同时也加大了敲开对方大门的几率,另一方面利用长传球进行大范围转移可以使得球队打法更加丰富,球员之间配合更加默契,这对于球队的整体性、进攻的流畅性有着积极的作用,同时也加强了球队对中场球权控制。为此本文采用文献资料分析法、录像视频观察法、数据与图像分析等方法,力图通过对足球长传球技术的动作分析与实战应用的研究找出其在比赛中的重要作用,为我国的足球事业进一步做出贡献。

关键词： Football   time-motion analysis   training prescription  

摘要： This study aimed to translate movement patterns, technical skills and tactical actions associated with high-intensity efforts into metrics that could potentially be used to construct position-specific conditioning drills. A total of 20 individual English Premier League players' high-intensity running profiles were observed multiple times (n=100) using a computerised tracking system. Data were analysed using a novel high-intensity movement programme across five positions (centre back [CB], full-back [FB], central midfielder [CM], wide midfielder [WM] and centre forward [CF]). High-intensity efforts in contact with the ball and the average speed of efforts were greater in WMs than CBs, CMs and CFs (effect sizes [ES]: 0.9-2.1, P<0.05). WMs produced more repeated efforts than CBs and CMs (ES: 0.6-1.3, P<0.05). In possession, WMs executed more tricks post effort than CBs and CMs (ES: 1.2-1.3, P<0.01). FBs and WMs performed more crosses post effort than other positions (ES: 1.1-2.0, P<0.01). Out of possession, CFs completed more efforts closing down the opposition (ES: 1.4-5.0, P<0.01) but less tracking opposition runners than other positions (ES: 1.5-1.8, P<0.01). CFs performed more arc runs before efforts compared to CBs, FBs and WMs (ES: 0.9-1.4, P<0.05), however, CBs completed more 0-90 degrees turns compared to FBs, CMs and WMs (ES: 0.9-1.1, P<0.01). The data demonstrate unique high-intensity trends in and out of possession that could assist practitioners when devising position-specific drills.

关键词： FOOTBALL players -- United States   NONFICTION   BIOGRAPHY  

摘要： The relationships Camp built as a player afforded him the opportunity to join the Skull and Bones secret society at Yale, become a member in the New York Athletic Club, and attend Theodore Roosevelt's infamous White House meeting in 1905 to reform football. Aside from the artificial apparatus of dividing her book with elements of a football game-p re game commentary, first quarter, second quarter, halftime, third quarter, fourth quarter, postgame analysis-she avoids the kitschy sports references and excessive details that plague some monographs.

关键词： Tactics   team spread   time series   computational tracking   match analysis  

摘要： The purpose of this study was to investigate the coordination between teams spread during football matches using cross-correlation and vector coding techniques. Using a video-based tracking system, we obtained the trajectories of 257 players during 10 matches. Team spread was calculated as functions of time. For a general coordination description, we calculated the cross-correlation between the signals. Vector coding was used to identify the coordination patterns between teams during offensive sequences that ended in shots on goal or defensive tackles. Cross-correlation showed that opponent teams have a tendency to present in-phase coordination, with a short time lag. During offensive sequences, vector coding results showed that, although in-phase coordination dominated, other patterns were observed. We verified that during the early stages, offensive sequences ending in shots on goal present greater anti-phase and attacking team phase periods, compared to sequences ending in tackles. Results suggest that the attacking team may seek to present a contrary behaviour of its opponent (or may lead the adversary behaviour) in the beginning of the attacking play, regarding to the distribution strategy, to increase the chances of a shot on goal. The techniques allowed detecting the coordination patterns between teams, providing additional information about football dynamics and players' interaction.

关键词： technical performance   GPS   high-intensity running   movement pattern   U11   association football  

摘要： The purpose of this study was to evaluate technical performance, heart rate (HR), and activity profile in 7v7 and 8v8 soccer games for 9- to 10-year-old girls (U11). A total of 24 female youth players participated in the study, all playing 20-minute 7v7 and 8v8 games with 160 and 223 m(2) per player, respectively. Technical actions, HR, and activity profile were measured during the games using video filming, HR monitors, and 5-Hz Global positioning system (GPS) units. The number of technical actions was higher in 7v7 than in 8v8 games (34 +/- 19 vs. 28 +/- 14;p = 0.03;d = 0.37), as was the number of successful actions (25 +/- 16 vs. 20 +/- 12;p = 0.01;d = 0.35), with no difference in success rate for technical actions (70 +/- 13 vs. 69 +/- 14%;p = 0.63;d = 0.07). No differences were found between 7v7 and 8v8 in total distance covered (1,574 +/- 251 and 1,622 +/- 281 m;p = 0.66;d = 0.18), peak speed (19.5 +/- 2.6 and 20.7 +/- 1.5 km.h(-1);p = 0.16;d = 0.56), mean HR values (85 +/- 5 and 86 +/- 6% HRpeak;p = 0.85;d = 0.18), and time of >90% HRpeak (37 +/- 16 and 35 +/- 14% of playing time;p = 0.70;d = 0.13). Distance covered at the highest running speeds of >16 km.h(-1) was lower in 7v7 than in 8v8 games (34 +/- 24 vs. 63 +/- 34 m;p = 0.018;d = 0.98), as was the number of entries into this speed zone (8 +/- 5 vs. 13 +/- 7;p = 0.006;d = 0.82). In conclusion, more technical actions and successful actions were observed in 7v7 than in 8v8 games, but players covered more ground with high-speed running in 8v8 games. This study also revealed that HR values were high in both game formats for U11 adolescent female players, with no difference between formats.

关键词： Football   testosterone   cortisol   saliva   Immunoglobulin A  

摘要： This study investigated the effects of a congested match schedule (7 matches played in 7days) on steroid hormone concentrations, mucosal immunity, session rating of perceived exertion (S-RPE) and technical performance in 16 elite youth soccer players (14.8 +/- 0.4years;170.6 +/- 9.4cm;64.9 +/- 7kg). No change was observed for salivary cortisol concentration across match time points (P=0.33;effect size [ES]=0.13-0.48). In contrast, there was a decrease in salivary testosterone and salivary IgA (SIgA) concentrations from the 1st compared with the last time point (P=0.01 and 0.001, ES=0.42 and 0.67, respectively). The SIgA concentration varied across time points (P<0.001) with the highest value observed at the 3rd time point (rest day) (3rd vs all time point;ES=0.47-0.73). No changes were observed for S-RPE across time points (P>0.05). A higher number of tackles and interceptions were observed during the 4th match vs 1st and 7th matches (P<0.001;ES=2.25 and 1.90, respectively). The present data demonstrate that accumulated fatigue related to participation in a congested match schedule might induce a decrease in testosterone concentration in youth players and negatively affect their mucosal immunity and capacity to perform certain technical actions.

关键词： 足球   接控球技术   比赛   训练  

摘要： 拥有良好的接控球技术是完成足球比赛的基础,良好的接控球技术是完成战术配合、实现战术目的的前提和保障。现代足球比赛呈现出速度加快、对抗增强的特征,球员需要在高速度、强对抗的条件下实施足球技术,这对球员的接控球技术提出了更高的要求。