关键词： Viruses   Flies   Abdomen   Poliomyelitis   Chemical suspensions   Inoculation   Ethers   Mice   Spinal cord   Thorax  

摘要： Laboratory reared house flies were infected with the Lansing strain of mouse-adapted poliomyelitis virus by allowing them to feed upon a 10% susp. of the virus in boiled milk and saline. Susps. of flies for inocl. into Swiss mice were prepared in saline and rendered bacteriologically sterile with ether. The time of survival and influence of temp. on survival of the virus in the abdomen of the fly was studied. Three lots of flies were offered a single infected meal and were held at temps. of 25, 30 and 35[degree] C, respectively. Samples of flies for inocl. into mice were removed at 2, 7, 13, 19, 25 and 49 hrs. and at 5, 10 and 20 days after offering the virus. Virus was recovered from each lot after 2, 7, 13 and 19 hrs. and in one instance after 49 hrs. from flies held at 30[degree] C. A progressive decrease in the amt. of virus recoverable from flies was noted between 2 and 24 hrs. There was no indication of multiplication of the virus in the fly. Temp. exerted no demonstrable effect. Virus was recovered from fecal and vomit spots collected from infected flies during the 1st and 6th hrs. after infection in one instance and during the first 1/2 to 2 hrs. in another. Evidence presented indicates that the virus probably resides in the gastro-intestinal tract of the insect and this is discussed in relation to the role of the fly as a possible vector of poliomyelitis.

关键词： Viruses   Ethers   Chemical suspensions   Poliomyelitis   Chemical precipitation   Precipitates   Lipids   Solvents   Nerve tissue   Suspended solids  

摘要： The expts. herein reported have afforded a quantitative comparison of the relative value of certain adsorbents and precipitants in removing poliomyelitis virus from suspensions of brains and cords of infected mice. Procedures which precipitated proteins most completely are most effective in recovering the infectious agent. Lipid solvents have no uniform influence but certain of them induce the formation of insoluble layers in which virus can be demonstrated. When protein precipitants are added to a suspension of the brains and spinal cords of mice infected with poliomyelitis virus, and the material is then shaken with ether and centrifuged, much of the protein and nearly all of the virus is attracted to a small solid layer which collects immediately beneath the supernatant ether. Removed from the surface of the suspension, the insoluble layer containing the virus can be readily dissolved in alkaline buffer giving a clear non-particulate material for study. These observations give new significance to the, use. of ether in efforts to isolate poliomyelitis virus. Rather than serving merely as a bactericidal agent in its capacity of lipid solvent, ether selectively attracts the lipo-proteins with which, presumably, the virus is associated. Using the same procedures, poliomyelitis virus can be recovered almost quantitatively from stool suspensions and readily prepd. for inoculation.

摘要： Evidence is presented that in the chimpanzee poliomyelitis virus may reach the central nervous system from the gut via the abdominal sympathetic nerves.

关键词： Viruses   Ganglia   Lesions   Infections   Poliomyelitis   Nerves   Brain stem   Lungs   Yolk sac   Cats  

摘要： One monkey was given dried virus inserted into the esophagus, was swabbed on the tongue after olfactory blockade, and was given a high enema of virus suspension. No symptoms developed after any of these applications. Later, after olfactory blockade, a suspension of virus was sprayed into the mouth, and early symptoms of the disease were subsequently noted. The animal was sacrificed immediately and lesions of the ganglia were found only in ganglia having direct connections to mouth tissues, thereby indicating that infection came directly from infected mouth tissues.

关键词： Viruses   Feces   Infections   Poliomyelitis   Paralysis   Specimens   Inoculation   Epidemics   Myelitis   Chemical suspensions  

摘要： 3 strains of poliomyelitis virus were isolated from 18 samples of feces from 18 patients with typical clinical infections. The specimens were obtained at various times during the 4 weeks following the onset of paralysis. The strains were passed serially through monkeys to establish their identity. There were no significant differences in the degree of paralysis produced by the 3 strains, nor was there a significant degree of paralysis after several passages of the viruses. The success or failure of primary isolation of the virus from feces and its establishment in monkeys seemed to depend in part, at least, on individual differences in the susceptibility of the monkeys.

关键词： Viruses   Infections   Poliomyelitis   Ileum   Colon   Emulsions   Lymph nodes   Epidemiology   Fistulas   Washing  

摘要： Four rhesus monkeys, with Thiry or Thiry-Vella fistulae at various levels of the intestinal tract, were given virus instillations into the isolated bowel loops: 2 animals received a total of 40 cc. of 20% crude virus-cord emulsion over a period of one week;all received, over a 3-month period, 8-11 gms. of whole glycerolated or fresh virus-cord. After a brief rest period, 3 consecutive daily instillations of 10% virus-cord emulsions were given, each instillation being preceded by a preliminary flushing out of the isolated bowel with phosphate buffer solution, pH 5.0. No poliomyelitis occurred at any stage of the prolonged treatment with virus. Neutralization tests on undiluted sera taken 44 days after the last administration of virus were negative. Saline extracts of the isolated bowel segments and of the regional lymph nodes failed to inactivate the virus. The virus was not demonstrated in the 2 extracts tested.

关键词： Poliomyelitis   Viruses   Age groups   Specimens   Epidemiology   Age   Chemical suspensions   Animal age determination   Experimentation  

摘要： Undiluted serum of 21 of 25 normal adult whites neutralized the virus;at 1:5 dilution 16 of the 21 demonstrated the same capacity. The upper age group (30-44 yrs.) had a higher proportion of neutralizing sera than the lower (17-29 yrs.), and more were virucidal when diluted. Further work must be done before concluding whether the high incidence of neutralizing sera in a southern state without epidemics of poliomyelitis means a wide distribution of the virus and specific immunization, or whether maturation alone de-termines the presence of non-specific neutralizing substances.