摘要： Examines the purification, physical and chemical properties, and crystallization of the poliomyelitis virus.

关键词： Science   Humanities and Social Sciences   multidisciplinary  

摘要： IN this communication we report the first stages of an X-ray diffraction study of crystals of poliomyelitis virus1"3; this work is a continuation of investigations begun by the late Dr. Rosalind Franklin, to whose memory we wish to dedicate this communication. There are two main results. First, we have determined the crystal structure and find that the packing of the virus particles is somewhat different from that suggested by the earlier workers3. The second, and more important, conclusion concerns the substructure of the individual virus particle. Here we have been able to determine the number and type of arrangement of protein sub-units in the particle. This result relates to some general principles of virus structure put forward by Crick and Watson4'5 and to previous work by Caspar6 and ourselves7-8 on the structure of some small plant viruses. It suggests that there may be another general principle to be added to those already proposed. Furthermore, the X-ray photographs obtained in the course of the work show, for the first time in a virus investigation, a degree of crystal perfection comparable with that of the lower molecular weight crystalline proteins, and we have therefore also described the improvements in experimental technique which, we believe, made this *** crystallization of the MEF-l strain of Type 2 poliomyelitis virus from ultra-centrifuge pellets was first reported by Schaffer and Schwerdt1 at Berkeley in 1955, and within a short time small crystals of Types 1 and 3 virus were also obtained by the same technique2. These crystallizations are indicative of the high degree of homogeneity achieved in the virus preparations. The methods of purification and the properties of the virus have recently been fully reviewed by Schaffer and Schwerdt9'***, the crystallization of Type 1 (Mahoney strain) poliovirus directly from a highly purified suspension during a year's storage at 4 C. was reported8. A number of crystals were sufficiently large

关键词： Science   Humanities and Social Sciences   multidisciplinary  

摘要： THE isolation of ribonucleic acid from various viruses grown in animals or in tissue culture systems has been reported recently. These preparations have been shown to be infectious for susceptible cell monolayers1–5.

关键词： Science   Humanities and Social Sciences   multidisciplinary  

摘要： A CYTOCHEMICAL study of the distribution of ribonucleic and deoxyribonucleic acids in monkey kidney cells infected with poliomyelitis virus, and incubated at 37° C. has previously been reported1. To gain more information about the steps involved, an attempt was made to slow down the process leading to virus synthesis. This was accomplished by reducing the temperature of incubation at a time when the first signs of virus activity could be seen in the affected cells, that is2,3 after 4 hr. incubation at 37° C. Virus release from these cells is known to begin between 5 and 6 hr. after infection4.

摘要： Bei 28 Kindern, die nur teilweise neutralisierende Antikörper vor der Impfung aufwiesen, wird nach 2- und 3maliger Poliovaccination die Bildung von neutralisierenden sowie komplementbindenden Antikörpern beobachtet. Die komplementbindenden Antikörper können demnach nur dann als Ausdruck für eine frische Polioinfektion angesehen werden, wenn keine Poliovaccination vorangegangen

关键词： POLIOMYELITIS/immunology  

关键词： Infectious Disease   Tissue Culture   Human Cell   Acid Medium   Rhesus Monkey  

摘要： Five attenuated strains of poliomyelitis virus, LSc, P 2149, P 2226, P 1553, and P 712, obtained from Dr. A. Sabin were passed in tissue cultures of human embryonic lung. The virulence of different passages was then studied by intracerebral inoculation of rhesus or cynomolgus monkeys and by estimating their efficiency of plating in monkey kidney cultures with an acid agar-overlay. Strain P 1553 gave histologically demonstrable poliomyelitis in most monkeys tested with passages of this strain, and the monkey kidney passage as well as all human cell passages were found not to be of a truly delayed type in plaque tests with acid medium. The LSc and P 2149 strains retained their reduced efficiency of plating under acid agaroverlay through all human cell passages, and no signs of poliomyelitis were found clinically or microscopically in monkeys intracerebrally inoculated with the 3rd, 5th, 8th, and 9th human cell passages of these strains. The results obtained in corresponding tests of the strains P 2226 and P 712 indicate that these strains increased in virulence by passages in human cells in vitro. The two last passages of both strains were found to be paralytogenic after intracerebral inoculation of rhesus monkeys. They were also less delayed than the foregoing passages in their ability to form plaques under an acid agar-overlay. The strains studied were not the triple plaque-purified variants now available. © 1958 Springer-Verlag.