关键词： POLIOMYELITIS/immunology  

关键词： Lymph Node   Infectious Disease   Maximal Level   Virus Multiplication   Primary Site  

摘要： The P 1549 (antigenic type 1) strain of poliovirus was administered by gavage to cynomolgus monkeys in order to obtain additional information on primary sites of multiplication of poliovirus. The first sites of virus multiplication were in tissues of the alimentary tract, principally in the oropharynx, and possibly in the ileum. During the early period in pathogenesis poliovirus was found also in lymph nodes collateral to these alimentary sites of multiplication. As early as 24 hours after detection of poliovirus in these tissues low concentrations of virus were detected in the blood;the concentration of virus in the blood rose gradually to reach maximal levels within 48 to 96 hours;thereafter, the concentration gradually fell until no further evidence of viremia was obtained by the 10 th day after infection. When the viremia was approaching, or had reached maximal levels poliovirus was distributed widely in all 46 tissues examined for its presence. Near the end of the period of viremia specific neutralizing antibodies were also found in the blood. © 1960 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： POLIOMYELITIS/immunology  

关键词： Infectious Disease   Cystine   Genetic Relationship   Complete Loss   Genetic Element  

摘要： The relationships among three genetic properties (inhibition by cystine, thermostability, and cystine-requirement) of antigenic type 1 poliovirus were investigated. Partial or complete loss through mutation of the property of being inhibited by cystine was accompanied by changes in the other two properties, indicating that the genetic element(s) which determines inhibition by cystine also determines, at least partially, thermostability and cystine-requirement. Inhibition by cystine and thermostability were found to be closely and positively correlated, suggesting that they are simply different manifestations of a single more basic virus property. © 1960 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Infectious Disease   Influenza   Tissue Culture   Influenza Virus   Virus Type  

摘要： In preliminary experiments it was shown that cells in monolayers of monkey kidney cultures can be protected from the cytopathogenic effect of poliomyelitis virus types 1, 2 and 3, some ECHO and Coxsackie viruses if influenza virus is added to the culture some days before the introduction of the challenge virus. The interference between influenza and poliomyelitis virus was then studied in detail. About 25% of the cells were degenerated by influenza virus alone. Most of the residual cells were protected against the degenerative effect of poliomyelitis virus when large amounts of influenza virus had been inoculated 48 hours before. If the interval between the virus inoculations was 12 hours only a small number of surviving cells were found. All cells degenerated when both viruses were inoculated simultaneously. No significant reduction in the yield of poliomyelitis virus was recorded when both viruses were inoculated simultaneously or when the interval between the two inoculations was less than 12 hours. With an interval of 12 hours the yield was reduced by 90%, and an interval of 72 hours resulted in a decrease of about 3 powers of ten in the propagation of poliomyelitis virus. Inoculation of influenza virus inactivated by heat or ultra-violet irradiation did not produce interference or cell protection. Impairment of the adsorption of the challenge virus was found not to be involved in the mechanism of the interference. © 1960 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： POLIOMYELITIS/immunology   VACCINES  

关键词： Poliovirus   Poliovirus vaccines   Monkeys   Specimens   Lesions   Poliomyelitis   Paralysis   Neurons   Suckling  

摘要： Clinical histories and laboratory findings for 13 subjects are presented and discussed. These are the only subjects among the 458,000 fed monovalent oral poliovirus vaccine during field trials in Uruguay and Colombia who later showed significant or suspicious signs of illness. Stool specimens of 7 of the subjects yielded type 1 poliovirus before subjects had been fed type 1 vaccine and 6 of these cases were in Montevideo where a type 1 epidemic was in progress. Clinical data on 2 of the other 6 cases failed to support a diagnosis of poliomyelitis and they were withdrawn from the official list of polio cases. In 2 other cases where stool specimen either yielded no virus or was not received, causal relationships between the illnesses and the vaccine virus was ruled out because intervals between vaccine ingestion and onset of illness exceeded range of incubation period for paralytic polio. In the only 2 cases in which poliovirus isolated from stool was the same type as that fed in vaccine, strains of Coxsackie A -4 virus also were isolated. Neurotropic activity of the Coxsackie isolates in monkeys was established. The strong likelihood of etiological relationship of these Coxsackie strains to the illness and regressive paralysis of the subjects is discussed.

关键词： Cell Monolayer   Reserpine   Ribonucleic Acid   Virus Suspension   Phenylether  

摘要： Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik der Induktion von Plaques in Einschichtenzellkulturen wurde bei 20° und 36°C bestimmt. Es nimmt die Zahl der durch RNS induzierten Plaques in den ersten 8 bis 10 min nach Kulturbeimpfung schnell und dann allmählich langsamer zu. Die möglichen Ursachen dieses Verhaltens werden diskutiert.

关键词： ANTIBODIES   POLIOMYELITIS/immunology