关键词： Science   Humanities and Social Sciences   multidisciplinary  

摘要： THE antiviral activity of 2-(a-hydroxybenzyl)-benz-imidazole (HBB) (I: R = H) was first reported by Hollinshead and Smith1. Tamm et al.2 carried out a survey of the activities of promising benzimidazoles and benzotriazoles towards type 2 poliovirus and concluded that HBB and its 6-chloro derivative possessed greater selective action than other compounds studied and that these two had clinical potentialities. O5 Sullivan and Sadler3 showed that marked activity was also possessed by 2-(o-hydroxybenzyl)-benzimidazole, but that the corresponding p-hydroxybenzyl derivative was inactive. "Further work in this laboratory has involved synthesizing and testing, in tissue-culture, compounds structurally related to HBB. These include N-substituted derivatives (I), compounds substituted at the a-carbon atom (II), 2-benzoylbenzimidazole (III) and its derivatives, derivatives with a substituent in a benzene ring (IV), bisbenzimidazoles (V), benzimidazoHum salts and optical enantiomorphs of the above. The last two classes, both containing compounds with marked protective action against poliovirus, are to be discussed in subsequent publications. Meanwhile, the recent paper by Wagner, Wittreich, Lusi and Folkers4 describing the preparation of a number of compounds related to HBB for antiviral investigations makes this early publication of some of our findings ***. 1. Lines obtained in assay of protection given by HBB and its 1-alkyl derivatives against cytopathic effects of poliovirus type 1. (1) Control line (test-compounds absent) (circles); (2) HBB (100 ^M) (squares); (3) 1-Methyl derivative (80,uM) (dots); (4) 1-Ethyl derivative (80,wM) (crosses); (5) 1-Propyl derivative (40 ^M); (6) 1-Butyl derivative (20 /uM) (triangles). Line I also represents the control line when concentrations in column Y (Table 1) were used in an assay and line 2 corresponds closely to the lines obtained for HBB and its 1-alkyl derivatives in these concentrations. Regions a,p,y,d and e indicate

关键词： DRUG RESISTANCE, MICROBIAL   EXPERIMENTAL LAB STUDY   GUANIDINES   POLIOVIRUS   TISSUE CULTURE  

关键词： ACRIDINES   DNA, VIRAL   EXPERIMENTAL LAB STUDY   FLUORESCENT DYES   KIDNEY   LEUKOCYTES   MICE   MONKEYS   POLIOVIRUS   RNA, VIRAL   TISSUE CULTURE   TRYPSIN  

摘要： Fluorochromes have been employed in virology mainly as immuno-fluorescent markers (1), cytochemical stains (2), mutagenic agents (3,4) and as photodynamic compounds capable of inactivation of viruses (5). By incorporation of acridine derivatives, such as proflavine (6) and acridine orange (7) into the nucleic acid moiety during biosynthesis of the virus it was possible to visualize the virus clumps directly under the fluorescence microscope in smears prepared from concentrated and purified preparations (8). The present communication deals with the direct visualization of labelled Type I Poliovirus in the leucocytes of inoculated mice as well as in the tissue culture cells of monkey kidney.

关键词： Science   Humanities and Social Sciences   multidisciplinary  

摘要： A STOOL specimen was obtained from a subject (G.O.) 5 days after his ingestion of a trivalent poliovirus vaccine1. A 20 per cent suspension of the stool was prepared in buffered saline and centrifuged for 1 h at 6,000 r.p.m. The resulting supernatant fluid was treated with penicillin (200 u/ml.) and streptomycin (200 (µg/ml.) and left at room temperature for 1 h. It was then injected into 4 tubes of monkey-kidney tissue cultures (MKTC), prepared in stationary tubes by the method of Youngner2. Each tube received 0.1 ml. of the fluid. The cultures showed a cytopathic effect in 6–7 days. The cytopathic agent was again passed in MKTC and then identified as Type II poliovirus by neutralization tests with specific poliovirus antisera prepared by the Testing Department of Lederle Laboratories.

关键词： 病毒疫苗   脊髓   脑   病毒血症   获得免疫   自然传染   毒株   高效价   抗体  

摘要： 脊髓灰质炎的自然感染和获得免疫 1.脊髓灰质炎病毒在致病中有三种特性: ①在消化道表面上皮的繁殖能力;②在消化道和神经以外的组织繁殖能力;③在神经元内的繁殖能力,包括中枢神经系在内,它能决定病毒传播的范围,是否神经元受累而发生瘫痪.这种性质不仅在不同的毒株在分量上有不同的差别,而且细胞对脊髓灰质炎病毒繁殖的敏感性也各有不同,都成为决定传染后果的因素.

关键词： POLIOVIRUS   POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, ORAL  

摘要： I am highly honored to be one of the recipients of the Oscar B. Hunter Memorial Award. The esteem of one's colleagues is the greatest reward for a scientist. For the scientist realizes, as Aristotle pointed out long ago, that each one at best can add but a little to our knowledge of Nature, and that the real grandeur arises only from all the assembled facts.

关键词： Science   Humanities and Social Sciences   multidisciplinary  

摘要： 1 -ALKYL-2 - (α - HYDROXYBENZYL) - BENZIMIDAZOLES (I) give a high degree of protection against the cell degeneration which follows infection of tissue cultures with poliovirus (types 1, 2 and 3)1. The action of corresponding quaternary salts (II) is of considerable interest in view of: (a) the much greater solubility of these compounds in water; (b) the introduction of the positive charge; (c) the removal of the type of hydrogen-bonding (III) or metalchelating (IV) propensities that might (for example, by allowing attachment to protein or nucleic acid) play some part in the activity of the parent compound HBB (I; R = H) and of its 1-alkyl derivatives (I; R = alkyl). Infra-red spectra show that these latter compounds form pairs of intermolecular hydrogen-bonded links as indicated (III), and they also form copper chelates.

关键词： Science   Humanities and Social Sciences   multidisciplinary  

摘要： IT has been demonstrated that type 1 poliovirus strains Mahoney and LSc, 2ab may be differentiated by their elution pattern on certain adsorbents. Aluminium hydroxide-gel proved to be a very suitable substance in this respect. Strain Mahoney is readily eluted by 0.01 M phosphate buffer pH. 7.5, whereas strain LSc, 2ab of the same serological type requires 30–40-fold higher concentrations of phosphate to elute quantitatively with a sharp peak1–3. This phenomenon of different elution pattern may be an expression of different surface properties of these strains of virus. This leads to the question whether the specific behaviour of the strains is altered if incubation with type specific antibody precedes the elution procedure.

关键词： ANTIBIOTICS   FLUORIDES   PHENYLALANINE   POLIOVIRUS   RNA, VIRAL   TISSUE CULTURE