摘要： The characteristic large polyribosomes, which play a functional role in viral protein synthesis within poliovirus-infected HeLa cells also appear to be the principal, if not sole site of the amino acid incorporation catalyzed in vitro by cytoplasmic extracts of such cells. In analogy with the results in the intact cell, a portion of the polyribosome-associated protein labeled in vitro reacts with antibody directed against subunits of the virus capsid. At least the bulk of the capacity of extracts of infected cells to incorporate amino acids can be ascribed to polyribosomes which are associated with cytoplasmic structures sedimentable in 20 minutes at 40, 000 g. Such structures also contain most of the RNA polymerase responsible for the synthesis of viral RNA, and are the site of viral RNA synthesis both in vitro and in the intact cell (D. Baltimore and J. E. Darnell, personal communication).

关键词： Phenol   Infectious Disease   Ribonucleic Acid   Casein Hydrolysate   Cell Homogenate  

摘要： Monkey kidney tissue culture (MKTC) cell homogenate depressed the infectivity of poliovirus RNA. This depression, however, was not due to RNAase activity of the cell homogenate, since after the depressed RNA solution was diluted and fresh facilitator was added, the infectivity was restored. Yeastolate, egg white, casein hydrolysate, and commercial RNA and DNA were found to have the same inhibitory effect on infectious RNA. The inhibitors destroyed the facilitating capacity of the facilitator. They could be easily removed by adsorbing them to large quantities of facilitator. The 7 per cent phenol treatment and the 50 per cent phenol extraction of poliovirus to obtain infectious RNA were compared. If the resulting RNA solution was inoculated undiluted, the 50 per cent method was superior because this method removed the proteinaceous material and hence part of the inhibitors in the crude virus suspension. © 1963 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Hydrogen   Heavy Metal   Hydrogen Peroxide   Infectious Disease   Iodine  

摘要： The inactivation of poliovirus by means of different chemicals was followed at 37° C and pH 7.0. It was found that the inactivation by means of iodine, halogenates and ions of heavy metals could be expressed in the same functional relationship between the rate of inactivation and the oxidation potential as previously found for other oxidants. Hydrogen peroxide and formalin reacted in a different way than the other compounds investigated. Both caused a lowering of the oxidation potentials and thus the inactivation of poliovirus by these compounds could not have been over all reactions resulting in oxidation of virus. © 1963 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Standard Deviation   Infectious Disease   Kidney Cell   General Applicability   Close Correspondence  

摘要： The dose-response relationship for poliovirus, when determined by the color test, using various cell lines and first sub-culture monkey kidney cells, follows the prediction for one-particle infection. The inter-assay standard deviation for mean log tolerances is 0.079 log units when based on the use of 0.3-log dilution intervals and 16 tubes per dilution;that based on 0.5 log intervals is 0.113;and that based on 1.0-log intervals is 0.155. The standard deviation for numbers of cytopathogenic units per ml., based on single dilutions with 128 tubes per dilution, is 0.079 log units. Close correspondence between these standard deviations and those observed elsewhere with other viruses and other test systems suggests general applicability of the findings. © 1963 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Infectious Disease   Chlorine   Functional Relationship   Inactivation Rate   Chlorine Compound  

摘要： Oxidative inactivation of poliovirus by means of different oxidants, including chlorine compounds, was studied at 37° C and different values of pH. It was found that in all cases where the inactivation rate for a certain concentration of an oxidant was different at pH 5.0 from the rate at pH 7.0 then the potential also varied. Thus the same functional relationship was found independent of the pH and the oxidant used. At pH 8.4 the oxidative inactivation was slower, but the spontaneous inactivation much faster than at pH 7.0. It is suggested that in spontaneous inactivation at 37° C at least two reactions are involved, one of which, probably oxidation, predominating at low pH, while the other reaction at high pH has the higher rate. © 1963 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Infectious Disease   Permanganate   Periodate   Oxidation Potential   Normal Potential  

摘要： The inactivation of poliovirus by means of periodate was slower than might be expected from the oxidation potential. Small amounts of permanganate acted as a mediator and speeded up the reaction. The value of the normal potential for the first step of oxidation of poliovirus is discussed as well as the reasons for the irreversibility of the over-all oxidation. © 1963 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Infectious Disease   Empirical Finding   Thermal Inactivation   Oxidative Inactivation   Thermodynamic Background  

摘要： The temperature dependence of oxidative inactivation was studied for three types of poliovirus. The energy of activation was found to be about 10,500 cal. per mol. in the temperature range 0‡-50‡ C independent of the type of virus. The process is distinctly different from so called spontaneous thermal inactivation and no change of entropy was found in the temperature range studied. The thermodynamic background for the empirical findings is discussed. © 1963 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Infectious Disease   Chlorine   Oxidation Potential   Inorganic Matter   Reaction Velocity  

摘要： The rate of oxidative inactivation may be approximately described by {ie411-01}, which for constant E and T gives {ie411-02}. It was found that the effect of a certain amount of residual chlorine varied with the amount of non-viral organic or inorganic matter, but that these variations could be explained through the dependence of the reaction velocity on the oxidation potential. © 1963 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Infectious Disease   Poliomyelitis   Passive Response   Poliomyelitis Vaccine  

关键词： Hela Cell   Poliovirus Type